水稻Wx基因的等位变异及育种利用研究进展

doi:10．3969/j．issn．1001G7216．2015．04．013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胚乳中直链淀粉含量是决定稻米蒸煮与食味品质的最重要指标,其在不同品种间变异范围较大。蜡质基因(Waxy,Wx)控制着稻米中直链淀粉的合成,是影响稻米蒸煮与食味品质的最重要基因。目前,在栽培稻中已鉴定了Wx基因的多个复等位变异,包括Wx^a、Wx^b、wx、Wx^op、Wxⁱⁿ、Wx^mq、Wx^mp、Wx^hp等,这些等位变异是造成稻米品质差异的主要原因。综述了目前已发现的Wx基因的主要等位变异类型及变异所产生的效应,简要回顾了各Wx等位基因在育种上的利用,展望了今后Wx基因的主要研究方向。

关键词: 水稻, Wx基因, 等位变异, 直链淀粉, 品质改良

Abstract:

The amylose content in endosperm is considered as the most important determinant influencing rice cooking and eating quality, and is quite different among rice cultivars. The Waxy (Wx) gene, controlling the synthesis of amylose in endosperm, is the major locus affecting rice quality. Up to now, several important Wx alleles had been identified, including Wx^a, Wx^b, wx, Wx^op, Wxⁱⁿ, Wx^mq, Wx^mp and Wx^hp, which might be the main reason for the wide diversity of rice grain quality. We reviewed the main Wx alleles and their effects on rice quality, as well as their application in rice breeding. Finally, the research perspective focusing on rice Wx gene is also discussed.

Key words: Oryza sativa L., Wx gene, allelic variation, amylose, quality improvement

中图分类号:

朱霁晖, 张昌泉, 顾铭洪, 刘巧泉. 水稻Wx基因的等位变异及育种利用研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(4): 431-438.

Ji-hui ZHU, Chang-quan ZHANG, Ming-hong GU, Qiao-quan LIU. Progress in the Allelic Variation of Wx Gene and Its Application in Rice Breeding[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(4): 431-438.

图/表 1

图1 Wx基因结构及等位基因变异类型(a,转录开始的碱基位点;b,第1外显子(CT)n,位于第1外显子中部;c,第一内含子5'端SNP;d,第1内含子(AATT)n,位于第1内含子起始位点;e, 糯稻23 bp插入,位于第2外显子中前部位点;f,第4外显子(共99 bp)第53位碱基;g,第4外显子(共99 bp)第77位碱基;h,第5外显子(共90 bp)第52位碱基;i,第6外显子(共64 bp)第62位碱基。)

Fig.1. The structure and different alleles of the Wx gene in rice. (a, Transcription start site(TSS); b, Exon 1 (CT)n, in the middle of the exon 1; c, Leader intron 5' SNP; d, Intron1 (AATT)n, in the start position of the intron 1; e, The 23 bp insertional locus of glutinous rice, in the front of the exon 2; f, 53th base in the exon 4(99 bp in all); g, 77th base in the exon 4(99 bp in all); h, 52th base in the exon 5(90 bp in all); i, 62th base in the exon 6(64 bp in all). )

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