水稻异源三聚体G蛋白生理功能的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001G7216.2015.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由α、β和γ 3个亚基组成的异源三聚体G蛋白是真核生物中一类重要的信号传导分子,在生长发育中起重要的调控作用。G蛋白通过细胞表面的偶联受体感知细胞外刺激,并由G 蛋白传送信号到胞内蛋白来影响细胞行为。植物与动物G蛋白虽然具有类似的分子结构,但植物信号的传递由非典型“自我激活”机制和效应蛋白来完成并控制植物生长发育。综述了植物G蛋白的组成;重点介绍了水稻G蛋白亚基编码基因 D1、 GS3、 DEP1和qNGR9参与激素、抗病、抗逆信号传导及水稻株型控制,粒型和N元素高效吸收利用的研究进展。另外,对G蛋白的偶联信号途径组分和功能、系统生物学和应用方面进行了展望。

关键词: 水稻, G蛋白, 亚基, 功能

Abstract:

The GTP-binding protein (G protein), consisting of three subunits of α, β and γ, is an important signaling molecule, playing a key role in growth and development in organism. Through the coupled receptors on the surface of cells, G protein perceives stimulation outside, then delivers the signals to intracellular proteins, thus affects the behavior of cells. G proteins share similar molecular structures in plants and animals, but signal transition in the former is completed by atypical “self activation” mechanism and effector proteins, regulating the growth and development. We review the structures and functions of G proteins, characters and differences in molecular regular mechanisms, and G protein subunits genes of D1, GS3, DEP1 and qNGR9 in rice, which involved in signal transduction of hormone, disease resistance and stress resistance, and controlling of rice plant types, grain types and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Additionally, the coupled signaling components and functions, systemic biology and applications of G protein were also prospected.

Key words: rice, G protein, subunit, function

中图分类号:

崔永涛, 吴立文, 郭龙彪, 胡兴明. 水稻异源三聚体G蛋白生理功能的研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(5): 546-558.

Yong-tao CUI, Li-wen WU, Long-biao GUO, Xing-ming HU. Research Progress in Physiologic Functions of Heterotrimeric G Protein in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(5): 546-558.

图/表 6

参考文献 71

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种类/突变体 Type/Mutant	数量 Number	表型 Phenotype	调控机制 Regulation mechanism	生物学功能 Bio-function
Gα (rga1, d1)	1	茎秆变短增粗;穗直立,着粒密,谷粒小而圆;第二节间不伸长	编码Gα 亚基	参与赤霉素信号途径与油菜素内酯(BR)的信号传导;介导抗稻瘟病反应;介导乙烯信号参与抗逆
Gβ (rgb1/RNAi)	1	矮秆,穗和种子变小,叶角变小,节点处发生褐化	编码Gβ亚基,正调控细胞数量而不是细胞大小	控制细胞分化,当完全缺失时,植株死亡;参与抗逆性
Gγ (gs3)	5	种子变大	编码Gγ,负调控籽粒和器官大小	控制纵向细胞数,决定谷粒大小
Gγ(dep1, qNGR9)		稻穗变短、直立,着粒密集,每穗籽粒数增多	编码Gγ,促进细胞分裂,降低穗颈节长;稻穗变密,枝梗数增加,粒数增多	穗粒数增加,增加产量;介导N元素的吸收;可能介导抗逆反应

种类/突变体 Type/Mutant	数量 Number	表型 Phenotype	调控机制 Regulation mechanism	生物学功能 Bio-function
Gα (rga1, d1)	1	茎秆变短增粗;穗直立,着粒密,谷粒小而圆;第二节间不伸长	编码Gα 亚基	参与赤霉素信号途径与油菜素内酯(BR)的信号传导;介导抗稻瘟病反应;介导乙烯信号参与抗逆
Gβ (rgb1/RNAi)	1	矮秆,穗和种子变小,叶角变小,节点处发生褐化	编码Gβ亚基,正调控细胞数量而不是细胞大小	控制细胞分化,当完全缺失时,植株死亡;参与抗逆性
Gγ (gs3)	5	种子变大	编码Gγ,负调控籽粒和器官大小	控制纵向细胞数,决定谷粒大小
Gγ(dep1, qNGR9)		稻穗变短、直立,着粒密集,每穗籽粒数增多	编码Gγ,促进细胞分裂,降低穗颈节长;稻穗变密,枝梗数增加,粒数增多	穗粒数增加,增加产量;介导N元素的吸收;可能介导抗逆反应