水稻穗腐病和穗枯病的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻穗腐病和穗枯病是我国新上升或新出现的两个水稻后期穗部病害。近年来,随着气候的变化、耕作栽培制度及肥水管理的改变以及品种(组合)的更替,两病在我国的发生和危害程度越来越严重。穗腐病和穗枯病病原菌有色,可产生毒素,不但直接影响水稻产量,还导致稻米品质降低,危害食用者的健康。穗腐病和穗枯病在发病时期、发生部位和危害程度上具有相似性。综述了两病害的发生、流行规律、危害状况、病原菌生物特性和毒素研究以及防治方法,提出了研究上目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。

关键词: 水稻, 穗腐病, 穗枯病

Abstract:

Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD) and bacterial panicle blight of rice (BPBR),two newly increasing or emerging diseases in China, are both panicle diseases in the late growth stage of rice. The diseases have become more and more serious in recent years due to the changes of climate, cultivation system, nutrient and water management as well as the substitute of rice varieties/combinations. The RSRD and BPBR not only affected rice yield directly but also decreased rice quality due to the colourful pathogens and pathogenic toxins. The toxins were also noxious to the animals and human beings. The two diseases have similarities in epidemic period, infected parts of rice and the damage degree. The regularity of the diseases’ occurrence and epidemiology, the damage status, the investigation of pathogens’ biological characteristics and their toxins, the control approaches in paddy fields were briefly reviewed. We pointed out the issues existed in current research and the research directions of these two diseases in the future.

Key words: rice, spikelet rot disease, bacterial panicle blight

中图分类号:

435.111.4⁺6

李路, 刘连盟, 王国荣, 汪爱娟, 王玲, 孙磊, 黎起秦, 黄世文. 水稻穗腐病和穗枯病的研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(2): 215-222.

Lu LI, Lian-meng LIU, Guo-rong WANG, Ai-juan WANG, Ling WANG, Lei SUN, Qi-qin LI, Shi-wen HUANG. Research Progress of Spikelet Rot Disease and Bacterial Panicle Blight of Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(2): 215-222.

图/表 6

参考文献 63

[1]	Cottyn B, Cerez M T, Vanoutryve M F, et al.Bacterial diseases of rice:1. Pathogenic bacteria associated with sheath rot complex and grain discoloration of rice in the Philippines.Plant Dis, 1996, 80(4): 429-437.
[2]	柴荣耀, 金敏忠, 张庆生. 变色稻谷寄藏的真菌种类及其致病性研究. 浙江农业学报, 1991, 3(2): 61-64.
[3]	王昌家, 罗鸿燕, 陈德强. 水稻颖枯病的发生与识别初报. 现代化农业, 2006, (4): 6-7.
[4]	范玉宝, 杜新东, 张子军, 等. 不同药剂对水稻褐变穗的防治效果. 现代化农业, 2012(4): 67-68.
[5]	黄世文, 王玲, 刘连盟, 等. 水稻穗腐病病原分离、鉴定及生物学特性. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26(3): 341-350.
[6]	Goto K, Ohata K.New bacterial diseases of rice(bacterial brown stripe and bacterial grain rot).Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn, 1956: 21-46.
[7]	CABI/EPPO. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.732. Wallingford, 2013, UK: CAB International.
[8]	罗金燕, 徐福寿, 王平, 等. 水稻细菌性谷枯病病原菌的分离鉴定. 中国水稻科学, 2008, 22(1): 82-86.
[9]	金中. 台湾水稻新病害——稻细菌性谷枯病. 福建农业科学, 1984(3): 5.
[10]	吴洪娟, 李锋杰, 张圣明. 毒黄素对小鼠肾脏毒性作用的超微病理观察. 电子显微学报, 2012, 31(1): 51-55.
[11]	Huang S W, Wang L, Liu L M, et al.Rice spikelet rot disease in China:1. Characterization of fungi associated with the disease.Crop Prot, 2011, 30(1): 1-9.
[12]	Huang S W, Wang L, Liu L M, et al.Rice spikelet rot disease in China:2. Pathogenicity tests, assessment of the importance of the disease, and preliminary evaluation of control options .Crop Prot, 2011, 30(1): 10-17.
[13]	侯恩庆, 张佩胜, 王玲, 等. 水稻穗腐病病菌致病性发生规律及防控技术研究. 植物保护, 2013, 39(1): 121-127.
[14]	Sayler R J, Cartwright R D, Yang Y N.Genetic characterization and real-time PCR detection of Burkholderia glumae, a newly emerging bacterial pathogen of rice in the United States.Plant Dis, 2006, 90(5): 603-610.
[15]	谢关林, 罗金燕, 李斌. 水稻危险性病害细菌性谷枯病及其病原鉴别. 植物保护, 2003, 29(5): 47-48.
[16]	Suzuki F, Sawada H A, Zegami K, et al.Molecular characterization of the tox operon involved in toxoflavin biosynthesis ofBurkholderia glumae. J Gene Plant Pathol, 2004, 70: 97-107.
[17]	Trung H M, Van V N, Vien N V, et al. Occurrence of rice grain rot disease in Vietnam.Philippines: International Rice Research Notes, 1993.
[18]	倪守延, 赵志敏. 水稻细菌性谷枯病. 植物检疫, 1990, 4(1): 35-37.
[19]	Jong H H, Rebecca A M, Milton C R.Burkholderia glumae: Next major pathogen of rice.Mol Plant Pathol, 2011, 12(4): 329-339.
[20]	Nandakumar R, Rush M C.Analysis of gene expression in Jupiter rice showing partial resistance to rice panicle blight caused byBurkholderia glumae. Phytopathology, 2008, 98(6): 112.
[21]	Pinson S R M, Shahjahan A K M, Rush M C, et al. Bacterial panicle blight resistance QTLs in rice and their association with other disease resistance loci and heading date.Crop Sci, 2010, 50: 1287-1297.
[22]	Patel D T, Stout M J, Fuxa J R.Effects of rice panicle age on quantitative and qualitative injury by the rice stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).Flo Entomol, 2006, 89(3): 321-327.
[23]	Lee F N, Tugwell N P, Fannah S J, et al.Role of fungi vectored by rice stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in discoloration of rice kernels.J Econo Entomol, 1993, 86: 549-556.
[24]	Maretti M A, Peterson H D.The role of Bipolaris oryzae in floral abortion and kernel discoloration in rice.Plant Dis, 1984, 68: 288-291.
[25]	Tullis E C.Fungi isolated from discolored rice kernels.USDA Technol Bull, 1936, 540: 11.
[26]	Shahjahan A K M, Rush M C, Groth D, et al. Panicle blight recent research points to a bacterial cause.Rice J, 2002.
[27]	Ou S H.Rice disease. 2ed. Kew: Commonwalth Mycological Institute, 1985.
[28]	山口富夫. 最近発生した変色米の病原菌とその問題点. 植物防疫, 1982, 36(3): 99-104.
[29]	金敏忠, 柴荣耀, 张庆生. 水稻黑粒米症状与病原研究初报. 植物保护, 1994(2): 7-8.
[30]	刘恩勇. 水稻穗腐病主要侵染源的确定及其防治. 南宁: 广西大学, 2011: 1-52.
[31]	Kurita T, Tabei H.On the casual agent of bacterial grain rot of rice.Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn, 1967, 33-111.
[32]	Urakami T, Ito Yoshida C, Araki H.Transfer of Pseudomonas Plantarii and Pseudomonas glumae to Burkholderia as Burkholderia spp. and description of Burkholderia vandii sp. Nov.Intern J Syst Bacteriol, 1994, 44: 235-245.
[33]	Ura H, Furuya N, Iiyama K, et al.Burkholderia gladioli associated with symptoms of bacterial grain rot and leaf-sheath browning of rice plants.J Gene Plant Pathol, 2006, (72): 98-103.
[34]	Nandakumar R, Shahjahan A K M, Yuan X L, et al. Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli cause bacterial panicle blight in rice in the Southern United States.Plant Dis, 2009, 93(9): 896-905.
[35]	Karki H, Shahjahan A, Nandakumar R, et al.Characterization of naturally avirulent strains of Burkholderia glumae, the causative agent of bacterial panicle blight of rice.Phytopathology, 2009, 99(6): 62-62.
[36]	罗金燕, 徐福寿, 王平, 等. 水稻细菌性谷枯病病原菌的分离鉴定. 中国水稻科学, 2008, 22(1): 82-86.
[37]	Yeonhwa J, Jinwoo K, Suhyun K, et al.Toxoflavin produced by Burkholderia glumae causing rice grain rot is responsible for inducing bacterial wilt in many field crops.Plant Dis, 2003, 87(8): 890-895.
[38]	Kato T, Morohoshi T, Tsushima S, et al.Phenotypic characterization of colony morphological mutants of Burkholderia glumae that emerged during subculture.J Gene Plant Pathology, 2013, 79: 249-259.
[39]	Weinberg J B, Alexander B D, Majure J M, et al.Burkholderia glumae infection in an infant with chronic granulomatous disease.J Cli Microbiol, 2007, 45(2): 662-665.
[40]	Tsushima S, Wakimoto S, Mogi S.Medium for detecting Pseudomonas glumae Kurita et Tabei, the causal bacterium of grain rot of rice.Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn, 1986, 52(2): 253-259.
[41]	Mitsuo K, Kiyotsugu O, Shin’ichi K.New Selective Medium for Isolation of Burkholderia glumae from Rice Seeds .J Gene Plant Pathol, 2000, (66): 234-237.
[42]	怀雁,徐丽慧,余山红,等.水稻细菌性谷枯病菌的实时荧光PCR检测技术研究.中国水稻科学, 2009, 23(1): 107-110.
[43]	罗金燕, 陈磊, 秦萌,等. 免疫捕捉PCR和经典PCR法检测水稻细菌性谷枯病菌比较研究. 浙江农业学报, 2014, (2): 371-377.
[44]	莫瑾, 朱金国, 彭梓,等. 利用双重PCR技术快速检测水稻细菌性谷枯病菌. 植物保护学报, 2010, 37(3): 222-226.
[45]	侯恩庆. 水稻穗腐病研究概况//侯恩庆. 植保科技创新与病虫防控专业化-中国植物保护学会2011年学术年会论文集. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2011:676-677.
[46]	王玉坤. 水稻谷枯病的发生与防治. 安徽农业, 1999, (5): 19.
[47]	Tsushima S.Epidemiology of Bacterial Grain Rot of Rice Caused by Pseudomonas glumae.Jpn Agric Res Quart, 1996, (30): 85-89.
[48]	Tsushima S.Study on control and epidemiology of bacterial grain rot of rice.J Gene Plant Pathol, 2011, 77: 358-360.
[49]	彭杰, 吴晓鹏, 黄惠琴, 等. 镰刀菌毒素研究进展. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(2): 25-27.
[50]	肖前青, 刁治民, 张程, 等. 镰刀菌及其毒素. 安徽农学通报, 2008, 14(9): 164-166.
[51]	台莲梅, 许艳丽, 闫凤云. 尖孢镰刀菌毒素对大豆胚根组织影响的超微结构研究. 植物病理学报, 2006, 36(6): 512-516.
[52]	Keller S E, Sullivan T M, Chirtel S.Factors affecting the growth of Fusarium proliferatum and the production of fumonisin B1: oxygen and pH.J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 1997, 19: 305-309.
[53]	刘恩勇. 层出镰刀菌的生物学特性及其毒素研究//刘恩勇.中国植物病理学会2010年学术年会论文集. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2010:182-187.
[54]	伍力, 尹杰, 冯泽猛, 等. 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇毒理作用研究进展. 生态毒理学报, 2013, 8(3): 331-337.
[55]	胡南, 章红. 吉林省玉米穗腐病病原真菌中镰刀菌毒素的研究. 玉米科学, 1997, 5(2): 66-68.
[56]	Ham J.The global regulatory network for the virulence of Burkholderia glumae, the major causal agent of bacterial panicle blight of rice. Phytopathology, 2012, 102(7): 148-148.
[57]	Jeong Y, Kim J, Kim S, et al.Toxoflavin produced by Burkholderia glumae causing rice grain rot is responsible for inducing bacterial wilt in many field crops.Plant Dis, 2003, 87(8): 890-895.
[58]	张力群, 田涛, 梅桂英. 群体感应淬灭——防治植物细菌病害的新策略. 中国生物防治 , 2010, 26(3): 241-247.
[59]	Jinwoo K, Jung-Gun K, Yongsung K, et al.Quorum sensing and the LysR-type transcriptional activator ToxR regulate toxoflavin biosynthesis and transport inBurkholderia glumae. Mol Microbiol, 2004, 54(4): 921-934.
[60]	Chen R X, Barphagha I K, Karki H S, et al.Dissection of Quorum-Sensing Genes in Burkholderia glumae Reveals Non-Canonical Regulation and the New Regulatory Gene tofM for Toxoflavin Production.Plos One, 2012, 7(12): e52150. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052150.
[61]	Yasufumi H.The Spread of Bacterial Grain Rot of Rice and Its Control in the Paddy Fields.J Pest Sci, 1995, (20): 329-331.
[62]	Maeda Y, Kiba A, Ohnishi K, et al.Amino acid substitutions in GyrA of Burkholderia glumae are implicated in not only oxolinic acid resistance but also fitness on rice plants.App Environ Microbiol, 2007, 73(4): 1114-1119.
[63]	Hikichi Y, Egami H, Oguri Y, et al.Fitness for survival of Burkholderia glumae resistant to oxolinic acid in rice plants.Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn, 1998, 64(3): 147-152.

培养基 Medium	配方 Recipes	菌落特征 Characteristic of colonies	参考文献 References
S-PG	KH₂PO₄ 1.3 g,Na₂HPO₄1.2 g,(NH₄)₂SO₄5 g,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.25 g,Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O 24 mg,EDTA-Fe 10 mg,L-胱氨酸 10 μg,D-山梨醇10 g,苯乙青霉素钾盐50 mg,氨苄青霉素钠10 mg,溴化十六烷基三甲铵10 mg,甲基紫1 mg,酚红20 mg,琼脂15 g,加水至1 L。	褐色或紫(红)色圆形凸起菌落	[40]
CCNT	酵母浸膏 2.0 g,多聚蛋白胨 1.0 g,肌醇 4.0 g,百菌清100 mg,溴化十六烷基三甲胺10 mg,氯霉素10 mg,新生霉素1 mg,琼脂18 g,加水至1 L,pH 4.8。	黄白色圆形凸起菌落,产生黄色色素	[41]

培养基 Medium	配方 Recipes	菌落特征 Characteristic of colonies	参考文献 References
S-PG	KH₂PO₄ 1.3 g,Na₂HPO₄1.2 g,(NH₄)₂SO₄5 g,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.25 g,Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O 24 mg,EDTA-Fe 10 mg,L-胱氨酸 10 μg,D-山梨醇10 g,苯乙青霉素钾盐50 mg,氨苄青霉素钠10 mg,溴化十六烷基三甲铵10 mg,甲基紫1 mg,酚红20 mg,琼脂15 g,加水至1 L。	褐色或紫(红)色圆形凸起菌落	[40]
CCNT	酵母浸膏 2.0 g,多聚蛋白胨 1.0 g,肌醇 4.0 g,百菌清100 mg,溴化十六烷基三甲胺10 mg,氯霉素10 mg,新生霉素1 mg,琼脂18 g,加水至1 L,pH 4.8。	黄白色圆形凸起菌落,产生黄色色素	[41]

方法 Method	引物 primer	菌悬液浓度 Concentration of bacterial suspension/(CFU·mL^-1)	参考文献 References
普通PCR技术 Classical PCR	F:5'- CTCTGCAACTCGAGTGCATGAGC-3' R:5'-CGGTTAGACTAGCCACTTCTGGTAAA-3'	1×10⁵	[42]
免疫捕捉PCR技术 mACT-PCR	F:5'- GA AGTGTCGCCGATGGAG-3' R:5'- CCTTCACCGACAGCACGCAT -3'	1×10³	[43]
双重PCR结合变性高效液相色谱技术 Duplex PCR-DHPLC	BGF1:5'-ACACGGAACACCTGGGTA-3' BGR1:5'- TCGCTCTCCCGAAGAGAT-3' BGF3:5'-GCAGCGGCAAGGAAGACG-3' BGR3:5'- GTCGTCGCCCGACGTCTC-3'	1×10²	[44]
实时荧光PCR技术 Real time PCR	F:5'- CTCTGCAACTCGAGTGCATGAGC-3' R:5'-CGGTTAGACTAGCCACTTCTGGTAAA-3'	<100	[42]

方法 Method	引物 primer	菌悬液浓度 Concentration of bacterial suspension/(CFU·mL^-1)	参考文献 References
普通PCR技术 Classical PCR	F:5'- CTCTGCAACTCGAGTGCATGAGC-3' R:5'-CGGTTAGACTAGCCACTTCTGGTAAA-3'	1×10⁵	[42]
免疫捕捉PCR技术 mACT-PCR	F:5'- GA AGTGTCGCCGATGGAG-3' R:5'- CCTTCACCGACAGCACGCAT -3'	1×10³	[43]
双重PCR结合变性高效液相色谱技术 Duplex PCR-DHPLC	BGF1:5'-ACACGGAACACCTGGGTA-3' BGR1:5'- TCGCTCTCCCGAAGAGAT-3' BGF3:5'-GCAGCGGCAAGGAAGACG-3' BGR3:5'- GTCGTCGCCCGACGTCTC-3'	1×10²	[44]
实时荧光PCR技术 Real time PCR	F:5'- CTCTGCAACTCGAGTGCATGAGC-3' R:5'-CGGTTAGACTAGCCACTTCTGGTAAA-3'	<100	[42]

名称 Name	主要产毒菌 Main producers	危害 Harms	参考文献 References
伏马菌素 Fumonisin	串珠镰刀菌 (Fusarium moniliforme)	一种致癌物质,具有神经毒性,能损害肝肾功能	[52,53]
T-2霉菌毒素 T-2 toxin	拟枝镰刀菌 (Fusarium sporotricoides)、梨孢镰刀菌 (Fusarium poae)	降低免疫力、引起细胞坏死、造血障碍及不育	[50]
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇/呕吐毒素 DON	禾谷镰刀菌 (Fusarium graminearum)、粉红镰刀菌 (Fusarium roseum)等	影响免疫系统,产生急性中毒症状, 严重时可造成造血系统损害甚至死亡	[54,55]
玉米赤霉烯酮ZEN	禾谷镰刀菌 (Fusarium graminearum)	对生殖系统产生危害,降低免疫功能	[50]
串珠镰刀菌素MON	串珠镰刀菌 (Fusarium moniliforme)	损害心血管系统	[50]