纳米镁对水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210608

中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 195-206.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210608

纳米镁对水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响

陈志青, 刘梦竹, 王锐, 崔培媛, 卢豪, 魏海燕, 张洪程, 张海鹏^*()

农业农村部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/ 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/ 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院,江苏扬州225009

收稿日期:2021-06-23 修回日期:2021-09-14 出版日期:2022-03-10 发布日期:2022-03-11
通讯作者: 张海鹏
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41701329);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31901447);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(20)1012);江苏省“双创博士”项目(JSSCBS20211062);扬州市“绿扬金凤计划”优秀博士项目(YZLYJFJH2021YXBS155)

Effects of Nano-magnesium on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization

CHEN Zhiqing, LIU Mengzhu, WANG Rui, CUI Peiyuan, LU Hao, WEI Haiyan, ZHANG Hongcheng, ZHANG Haipeng^*()

Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology /Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received:2021-06-23 Revised:2021-09-14 Online:2022-03-10 Published:2022-03-11
Contact: ZHANG Haipeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明纳米镁和离子镁对水稻产量、产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响。【方法】以南粳9108为试验对象,设置了3个氮水平(0、180、270 kg/hm² )下不施镁肥和施用纳米镁或离子镁的盆栽试验。【结果】相同氮肥施用水平下,施用纳米镁和离子镁处理的水稻籽粒产量较不施镁处理均有所提高,且施用纳米镁处理的籽粒产量均高于施用离子镁处理,其原因在于施用纳米镁能够提高水稻生育后期叶面积指数、剑叶SPAD值、光合势和净光合速率,促进水稻生育后期光合物质的积累,获得更高的每穗粒数、结实率以及千粒重。相同氮肥施用水平下,与不施外源镁处理相比,离子镁和纳米镁的施用均提高了水稻各器官的氮浓度和氮积累量,并促进了氮肥偏生产力、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率和氮素吸收利用率的提高。【结论】纳米镁较离子镁更有利于提高水稻灌浆期间的光合物质积累,促进水稻生产力和氮肥利用率的提高,可作为水稻绿色高效栽培的施肥措施。

关键词: 水稻, 纳米镁, 干物质积累, 产量构成, 氮素利用

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of nano- and ion-magnesium on rice grain yield, yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization.【Method】 A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of nano-magnesium and ion-magnesium on rice yield formation and nitrogen accumulation and utilization under nitrogen application rates of 0 kg/hm², 180 kg/hm²and 270 kg/hm², respectively.【Result】 Application of nano-magnesium and ion-magnesium can effectively increase rice yield at the same N application level. The yield of rice treated with nano-magnesium were significantly higher than that treated with sodium magnesium. Moreover, the same trend was also observed in LAI and the accumulation of dry matter in the late stage of rice growth. The application of nano-magnesium could improve the dry matter formation in the late stage of rice growth, increased the SPAD value, photosynthetic potential and net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf after heading, promoted the synthesis of rice dry matter and the accumulation in grains, and finally achieved the goal of increasing rice production. At the same level of nitrogen fertilizer application, the application of nano-magnesium and ionic-magnesium increased the nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation in rice stems, leaves, and grains, and promoted the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate, nitrogen physiological utilization rate and nitrogen absorption and utilization. These promotion effects of nano-magnesium were better than that of ionic-magnesium in this study.【Conclusion】 In summary, nano-magnesium can be used as a fertilization measure for green and high-efficiency rice cultivation.

Key words: rice, nano-magnesium, dry matter accumulation, yield composition, nitrogen utilization

陈志青, 刘梦竹, 王锐, 崔培媛, 卢豪, 魏海燕, 张洪程, 张海鹏. 纳米镁对水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(2): 195-206.

CHEN Zhiqing, LIU Mengzhu, WANG Rui, CUI Peiyuan, LU Hao, WEI Haiyan, ZHANG Hongcheng, ZHANG Haipeng. Effects of Nano-magnesium on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(2): 195-206.

图/表 8

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年份 Year	镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	实际产量 Yield /(g·pot^-1)
2019	不施镁	0	263.9 d	107.8 d	91.83 a	26.92 a	238.76 d
	Zero-Mg	180	352.4 b	114.8 c	90.64 a	26.72 a	313.32 c
		270	382.3 ab	131.0 ab	91.26 a	26.78 a	404.44 a
	离子镁	0	285.9 c	110.7 c	92.01 a	26.90 a	243.13 d
	Ionic-Mg	180	365.6 b	125.7 b	92.86 a	27.16 a	359.55 b
		270	386.0 a	133.1 a	91.41 a	26.76 a	410.10 a
	纳米镁	0	294.4 c	112.8 c	92.38 a	26.72 a	246.04 d
	Nano-Mg	180	369.6 ab	125.6 b	92.56 a	27.61 a	364.36 b
		270	386.8 a	132.6 a	91.52 a	26.81 a	413.29 a
2020	不施镁	0	269.7 d	108.6 d	91.98 a	27.12 a	249.29 d
	Zero-Mg	180	362.0 b	115.4 c	90.97 a	26.97 a	316.89 c
		270	387.8 a	132. ab	91.55 a	26.71 a	419.27 a
	离子镁	0	292.7 c	111.9 cd	92.40 a	27.22 a	254.10 d
	Ionic-Mg	180	375.6 ab	126.5 b	92.54 a	27.01 a	367.68 b
		270	395.6 a	133.9 a	93.19 a	27.59 a	426.87 a
	纳米镁	0	298.8 c	113.8 cd	91.82 a	27.38 a	256.46 d
	Nano-Mg	180	376.1 ab	127.6 b	93.05 a	27.53 a	373.70 b
		270	395.6 a	133.6 ab	92.48 a	27.74 a	432.47 a
年份 Y			*	ns	ns	ns	ns
镁肥处理 Mg			**	**	ns	ns	**
氮肥用量 N			**	**	ns	ns	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N			ns	*	ns	ns	**

年份 Year	镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	实际产量 Yield /(g·pot^-1)
2019	不施镁	0	263.9 d	107.8 d	91.83 a	26.92 a	238.76 d
	Zero-Mg	180	352.4 b	114.8 c	90.64 a	26.72 a	313.32 c
		270	382.3 ab	131.0 ab	91.26 a	26.78 a	404.44 a
	离子镁	0	285.9 c	110.7 c	92.01 a	26.90 a	243.13 d
	Ionic-Mg	180	365.6 b	125.7 b	92.86 a	27.16 a	359.55 b
		270	386.0 a	133.1 a	91.41 a	26.76 a	410.10 a
	纳米镁	0	294.4 c	112.8 c	92.38 a	26.72 a	246.04 d
	Nano-Mg	180	369.6 ab	125.6 b	92.56 a	27.61 a	364.36 b
		270	386.8 a	132.6 a	91.52 a	26.81 a	413.29 a
2020	不施镁	0	269.7 d	108.6 d	91.98 a	27.12 a	249.29 d
	Zero-Mg	180	362.0 b	115.4 c	90.97 a	26.97 a	316.89 c
		270	387.8 a	132. ab	91.55 a	26.71 a	419.27 a
	离子镁	0	292.7 c	111.9 cd	92.40 a	27.22 a	254.10 d
	Ionic-Mg	180	375.6 ab	126.5 b	92.54 a	27.01 a	367.68 b
		270	395.6 a	133.9 a	93.19 a	27.59 a	426.87 a
	纳米镁	0	298.8 c	113.8 cd	91.82 a	27.38 a	256.46 d
	Nano-Mg	180	376.1 ab	127.6 b	93.05 a	27.53 a	373.70 b
		270	395.6 a	133.6 ab	92.48 a	27.74 a	432.47 a
年份 Y			*	ns	ns	ns	ns
镁肥处理 Mg			**	**	ns	ns	**
氮肥用量 N			**	**	ns	ns	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N			ns	*	ns	ns	**

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	干物质量 Dry matter weight/(t·hm^-2)			播种-拔节 Sowing-jointing		拔节-抽穗 Jointing-heading		抽穗-成熟 Heading-maturity
镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%
不施镁	0	2.33 d	6.97 d	10.04 d	2.33 d	23.21 a	4.64 d	46.22 a	3.07 d	30.58 c
Zero-Mg	180	3.06 c	8.55 c	13.27 c	3.06 c	23.06 ab	5.49 c	41.37 b	4.72 c	35.57 b
	270	3.63 a	10.31 a	16.15 a	3.63 a	22.48 ab	6.68 a	41.36 b	5.84 b	36.16 b
离子镁	0	2.35 d	7.00 d	10.15 d	2.35 d	23.15 a	4.65 d	45.81 a	3.15 d	31.03 c
Ionic-Mg	180	3.37 b	9.47 b	15.18 b	3.37 b	22.20 ab	6.10 b	40.18 b	5.71 b	37.62 ab
	270	3.66 a	10.38 a	16.45 a	3.66 a	22.25 ab	6.72 a	40.85 b	6.07 ab	36.90 ab
纳米镁	0	2.43 d	7.20 d	10.44 d	2.43 d	23.28 a	4.77 d	45.69 a	3.24 d	31.03 c
Nano-Mg	180	3.34 b	9.40 b	15.30 b	3.34 b	21.83 b	6.06 b	39.61 b	5.90 ab	38.56 a
	270	3.68 a	10.42 a	16.57 a	3.68 a	22.21 ab	6.74 a	40.68 b	6.15 a	37.12 ab
镁肥处理 Mg		*	*	**	*	ns	*	ns	**	*
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**	**	*	**	**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		ns	*	**	ns	ns	*	ns	**	ns

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	干物质量 Dry matter weight/(t·hm^-2)			播种-拔节 Sowing-jointing		拔节-抽穗 Jointing-heading		抽穗-成熟 Heading-maturity
镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%
不施镁	0	2.33 d	6.97 d	10.04 d	2.33 d	23.21 a	4.64 d	46.22 a	3.07 d	30.58 c
Zero-Mg	180	3.06 c	8.55 c	13.27 c	3.06 c	23.06 ab	5.49 c	41.37 b	4.72 c	35.57 b
	270	3.63 a	10.31 a	16.15 a	3.63 a	22.48 ab	6.68 a	41.36 b	5.84 b	36.16 b
离子镁	0	2.35 d	7.00 d	10.15 d	2.35 d	23.15 a	4.65 d	45.81 a	3.15 d	31.03 c
Ionic-Mg	180	3.37 b	9.47 b	15.18 b	3.37 b	22.20 ab	6.10 b	40.18 b	5.71 b	37.62 ab
	270	3.66 a	10.38 a	16.45 a	3.66 a	22.25 ab	6.72 a	40.85 b	6.07 ab	36.90 ab
纳米镁	0	2.43 d	7.20 d	10.44 d	2.43 d	23.28 a	4.77 d	45.69 a	3.24 d	31.03 c
Nano-Mg	180	3.34 b	9.40 b	15.30 b	3.34 b	21.83 b	6.06 b	39.61 b	5.90 ab	38.56 a
	270	3.68 a	10.42 a	16.57 a	3.68 a	22.21 ab	6.74 a	40.68 b	6.15 a	37.12 ab
镁肥处理 Mg		*	*	**	*	ns	*	ns	**	*
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**	**	*	**	**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		ns	*	**	ns	ns	*	ns	**	ns

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	结实期叶面积衰减速率 Decreasing rate of leaf area/(d^-1)
不施镁Zero-Mg	0	2.80 c	4.80 c	2.08 d	0.0545 d
	180	4.16 b	7.03 b	3.16 c	0.0773 b
	270	4.52 a	7.49 a	3.36 b	0.0826 a
离子镁Ionic-Mg	0	2.82 c	4.95 c	2.20 d	0.0551 d
	180	4.23 b	7.38 a	3.79 a	0.0718 c
	270	4.55 a	7.61 a	3.79 a	0.0765 b
纳米镁Nano-Mg	0	2.91 c	4.93 c	2.21 d	0.0544 d
	180	4.25 b	7.47 a	3.86 a	0.0722 c
	270	4.58 a	7.64 a	3.88 a	0.0752 bc
镁肥处理 Mg		ns	*	**	**
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		ns	ns	**	*

纳米镁对水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of Nano-magnesium on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization

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Metrics

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	播种-拔节 Sowing-jointing	拔节-抽穗 Jointing-heading	抽穗-成熟 Heading-maturity
不施镁Zero-Mg	0	91.02 c	133.00 c	171.90 d
	180	135.20 b	195.78 b	254.71 c
	270	146.80 a	210.17 ab	271.40 b
离子镁Ionic-Mg	0	91.74 c	136.08 c	178.74 d
	180	137.37 b	203.10 b	279.24 ab
	270	147.96 a	212.87 a	284.93 ab
纳米镁Nano-Mg	0	94.65 c	137.26 c	178.53 d
	180	138.27 b	205.22 ab	283.36 ab
	270	148.73 a	213.77 a	287.94 a
镁肥处理 Mg		ns	ns	**
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		ns	ns	ns

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	SPAD值 SPAD value			净光合速率Net photosynthetic rate/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	齐穗后5 d 5 d after heading	齐穗后25 d 25 d after heading	衰减率 Decrement/%	齐穗后5 d 5 d after heading	齐穗后25 d 25 d after heading	衰减率 Decrement/%
不施镁Zero-Mg	0	37.67 e	28.70 f	31.25 a	17.85 e	11.70 d	52.56 a
	180	41.78 bc	32.45 cd	28.75 bc	19.21 d	12.92 c	48.75 b
	270	43.19 ab	33.88 bc	27.48 cd	21.44 ab	14.49 ab	47.93 bc
离子镁Ionic-Mg	0	39.45 de	30.56 e	29.09 b	18.69 de	12.37 cd	51.06 ab
	180	43.81 ab	34.72 ab	26.18 de	20.31 c	13.97 b	45.37 cd
	270	44.95 a	35.83 a	25.45 e	21.89 a	14.95 a	46.42 bc
纳米镁Nano-Mg	0	39.97 cd	31.19 de	28.15 bc	18.97 d	12.55 c	51.17 ab
	180	44.23 a	35.11 ab	25.98 e	20.67 bc	14.42 ab	43.32 d
	270	45.46 a	36.34 a	25.10 e	22.17 a	15.17 a	46.16 c
镁肥处理 Mg		**	**	**	**	**	**
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**	**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	氮浓度N concentration/(mg·g^-1)			氮积累量N accumulation/(kg·hm^-2)
镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶 Leaf	籽粒 Grain	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶 Leaf	籽粒 Grain	总株 Total
不施镁Zero-Mg	0	3.3 d	7.3 e	8.7 e	16.2 e	13.8 e	68.8 f	98.7 f
	180	3.6 c	8.6 d	9.7 c	23.2 d	26.7 c	120.7 d	170.6 d
	270	4.8 a	10.1 b	11.1 a	32.3 b	32.3 a	144.7 b	209.2 b
离子镁Ionic-Mg	0	3.4 cd	7.3 e	9.3 cd	17.4 e	14.7 e	73.6 ef	105.8 ef
	180	4.0 b	9.3 c	10.3 b	26.4 c	29.2 b	130.4 c	186.0 c
	270	4.9 a	10.7 a	11.4 a	35.0 a	33.4 a	153.1 a	221.5 a
纳米镁Nano-Mg	0	3.4 cd	7.4 e	9.0 de	17.4 e	16.1 d	76.3 e	109.8 e
	180	4.1 b	9.5 c	10.4 b	27.3 c	29.1 b	135.3 c	191.6 c
	270	4.9 a	10.9 a	11.5 a	35.2 a	33.3 a	158.4 a	226.9 a
镁肥处理 Mg		**	**	**	**	**	**	**
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**	**	**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		*	ns	ns	**	*	*	*

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	氮肥偏生产力 PFP/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素籽粒生产效率 NUEG/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素农学利用率 AE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素生理利用率 PNUE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素吸收利用率 NRE/%
不施镁Zero-Mg	180	43.52 b	45.92 b	10.36 c	25.94 d	39.94 c
	270	36.05 c	46.53 ab	13.95 b	34.08 b	40.93 c
离子镁Ionic-Mg	180	49.92 a	48.31 a	16.15 a	36.25 a	44.56 a
	270	36.30 c	44.25 bc	13.79 b	32.17 c	42.85 b
纳米镁Nano-Mg	180	50.61 a	47.54 ab	16.43 a	36.16 a	45.44 a
	270	36.74 c	43.72 c	13.96 b	32.18 c	43.37 b
镁肥处理 Mg		**	*	**	**	**
氮肥用量 N		**	ns	ns	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		**	ns	**	**	ns

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