稻田甲烷排放的微生物学机理及节水栽培对甲烷排放的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.201202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球变暖是当前亟需解决的环境问题之一。甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体,其中稻田甲烷排放约占全球甲烷排放的10%~30%。稻田甲烷的产生与氧化是决定稻田甲烷排放的关键,其过程是在相关微生物参与下完成的,受多种环境条件影响。水分管理直接影响稻田土壤的通气状况,并对土壤微生物活动产生影响,从而直接或间接影响稻田甲烷的产生与排放。本文综述了稻田甲烷产生与排放的微生物学机理,并总结了干湿交替灌溉等常用节水栽培方式对稻田甲烷排放的影响。同时提出未来研究的重点方向。

关键词: 水稻, 甲烷, 微生物学机理, 节水栽培

Abstract:

Global warming is one of the urgent environmental problems. Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, paddy fields account for about 10%-30% of global methane emissions. Methane emission from paddy fields is influenced by both methane production and oxidation, which involves relevant microorganisms and is affected by various environmental conditions. Water management has a direct impact on soil aeration and microbial activity, and thus directly or indirectly affects methane production and emission in paddy fields. In this paper, the microbiological mechanisms of methane production and emission in paddy fields were reviewed. The effects of water-saving cultivation methods, such as alternative drying and wetting irrigation, on methane emission in paddy fields were also summarized here. At the end of this article, key directions of future research were put forward for water-saving and methane mitigation in rice production.

Key words: rice, methane, microbiological mechanism, water saving cultivation

余锋, 李思宇, 邱园园, 卓鑫鑫, 黄健, 汪浩, 朱安, 刘昆, 刘立军. 稻田甲烷排放的微生物学机理及节水栽培对甲烷排放的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(1): 1-12.

YU Feng, LI Siyu, QIU Yuanyuan, ZHUO Xinxin, HUANG Jian, WANG Hao, ZHU An, LIU Kun, LIU Lijun. Microbiological Mechanism of Methane Emission in Paddy Field and Influence of Water-saving Cultivation on Methane Emission[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(1): 1-12.

图/表 2

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产甲烷古菌目 Order	产甲烷途径 Methanogenic pathway	可利用底物 Available substrate
甲烷杆菌目Methanobacteriales	H₂/CO₂途径、含甲基途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway, methylated compounds pathway	H₂+CO₂、甲酸、CO、乙醇、甲醇 H₂+CO₂, formate, CO, ethanol, methanol
甲烷球菌目Methanococcales	H₂/CO₂途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway	H₂+CO₂、甲酸 H₂+CO₂, formate
甲烷火菌目Methanopyrales	H₂/CO₂途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway	H₂+CO₂ H₂+CO₂
甲烷八叠球菌目Methanosarcinales	含甲基途径、乙酸盐途径、H₂/CO₂途径 Methylated compounds pathway, acetate pathway、 H₂/CO₂-pathway	甲醇、甲胺、乙酸、H₂+CO₂ Methanol, methylamine, acetate, H₂+CO₂
甲烷微菌目Methanomicrobiales	H₂/CO₂途径、含甲基途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway, methylated compounds pathway	H₂+CO₂、甲酸、乙醇 H₂+CO₂, formate, ethanol
甲烷胞菌目Methanocellasles	H₂/CO₂途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway	H₂+CO₂、甲酸盐 H₂+CO₂, formate
热原体目Methanomassiliicoccales	含甲基途径 Methylated compounds pathway	甲醇 Methanol

产甲烷古菌目 Order	产甲烷途径 Methanogenic pathway	可利用底物 Available substrate
甲烷杆菌目Methanobacteriales	H₂/CO₂途径、含甲基途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway, methylated compounds pathway	H₂+CO₂、甲酸、CO、乙醇、甲醇 H₂+CO₂, formate, CO, ethanol, methanol
甲烷球菌目Methanococcales	H₂/CO₂途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway	H₂+CO₂、甲酸 H₂+CO₂, formate
甲烷火菌目Methanopyrales	H₂/CO₂途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway	H₂+CO₂ H₂+CO₂
甲烷八叠球菌目Methanosarcinales	含甲基途径、乙酸盐途径、H₂/CO₂途径 Methylated compounds pathway, acetate pathway、 H₂/CO₂-pathway	甲醇、甲胺、乙酸、H₂+CO₂ Methanol, methylamine, acetate, H₂+CO₂
甲烷微菌目Methanomicrobiales	H₂/CO₂途径、含甲基途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway, methylated compounds pathway	H₂+CO₂、甲酸、乙醇 H₂+CO₂, formate, ethanol
甲烷胞菌目Methanocellasles	H₂/CO₂途径 H₂/CO₂-pathway	H₂+CO₂、甲酸盐 H₂+CO₂, formate
热原体目Methanomassiliicoccales	含甲基途径 Methylated compounds pathway	甲醇 Methanol

纲	类型	属	代谢途径
Class	Type	Genus	Metabolic pathways
γ-变形菌纲 γ-Proteobacteria	类型Ⅰ Type Ⅰ	甲基单胞菌属 Methylomonas 甲基杆菌属 Methylobacter 甲基微菌属 Methylomicrobium 甲基球形菌属 Methylosphaera 甲基热菌属 Methylothermus 甲基盐菌属 Methylohalobius 甲基八叠球菌属 Methylosarcina 甲基苏玛菌属 Methylosoma	5-磷酸核酮糖途径 RUMP pathway
	类型X Type X	甲基暖菌属 Methylocaldum 甲基球菌属 Methylococcus	5-磷酸核酮糖途径/丝氨酸途径 RUMP Pathway/ Serine pathway
α-变形菌纲 α-Proteobacteria	类型Ⅱ Type Ⅱ	甲基弯曲菌属 Methylosinus 甲基胞囊菌属 Methylocystis 甲基帽菌属 Methylocapsa 甲基阿魏菌属 Methyloferula 甲基细胞菌属 Methylocella	丝氨酸途径 Serine pathway
疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia	-	Methylokorus infernorum Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum Methylocacida kamchakensis	-

纲	类型	属	代谢途径
Class	Type	Genus	Metabolic pathways
γ-变形菌纲 γ-Proteobacteria	类型Ⅰ Type Ⅰ	甲基单胞菌属 Methylomonas 甲基杆菌属 Methylobacter 甲基微菌属 Methylomicrobium 甲基球形菌属 Methylosphaera 甲基热菌属 Methylothermus 甲基盐菌属 Methylohalobius 甲基八叠球菌属 Methylosarcina 甲基苏玛菌属 Methylosoma	5-磷酸核酮糖途径 RUMP pathway
	类型X Type X	甲基暖菌属 Methylocaldum 甲基球菌属 Methylococcus	5-磷酸核酮糖途径/丝氨酸途径 RUMP Pathway/ Serine pathway
α-变形菌纲 α-Proteobacteria	类型Ⅱ Type Ⅱ	甲基弯曲菌属 Methylosinus 甲基胞囊菌属 Methylocystis 甲基帽菌属 Methylocapsa 甲基阿魏菌属 Methyloferula 甲基细胞菌属 Methylocella	丝氨酸途径 Serine pathway
疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia	-	Methylokorus infernorum Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum Methylocacida kamchakensis	-