主要节水灌溉方式对水稻根系形态生理的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8116

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻是耗水第一大作物。发展节水栽培对稻田水分高效利用和缓解我国水资源短缺具有重要意义。水稻根系是吸收水分和养分的重要器官,也是多种激素、氨基酸和有机酸合成的重要部位。水分管理措施的改变会直接或间接引起根系生长发育发生改变,从而影响水稻地上部生长发育和产量形成。本文综述了干湿交替灌溉、控制灌溉和覆盖旱种对水稻根系形态和生理特性的影响,提出了今后节水灌溉下水稻根系的研究重点,以期为改善水稻根系形态生理和高产节水栽培提供理论依据。

关键词: 水稻, 节水灌溉, 根系, 形态生理

Abstract:

Rice is the most water-consuming crop. The development of water-saving cultivation is of great significance for efficient utilization of water and alleviation of water shortage in China. Roots are an important part of rice plants and involved in acquisition of nutrients and water, synthesis of plant hormones, organic acids and amino acids. Water management methods could exert an influence on root growth and development directly or indirectly, as well as the growth and development of above-ground part of plants and yield formation of rice. We reviewed the effects of main water-saving irrigation methods, including alternate wetting and drying irrigation, controlled irrigation and dry cultivation, on the morphological and physiological characteristics of rice roots. We also put forward some research priorities on the effect of water-saving irrigation on rice roots in the future to lay a theoretical basis for improving the morphological and physiological characteristics of rice roots, high yielding and water saving in rice cultivation.

Key words: rice, water-saving irrigation, root system, morphological and physiological traits

中图分类号:

李婷婷, 冯钰枫, 朱安, 黄健, 汪浩, 李思宇, 刘昆, 彭如梦, 张宏路, 刘立军. 主要节水灌溉方式对水稻根系形态生理的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(4): 293-302.

Tingting LI, Yufeng FENG, An ZHU, Jian HUANG, Hao WANG, Siyu LI, Kun LIU, Rumeng PENG, Honglu ZHANG, Lijun LIU. Effects of Main Water-saving Irrigation Methods on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Rice Roots[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(4): 293-302.

参考文献 80

[1]	Zhou Q, Ju C X, Wang Z Q, Zhang H, Liu L J, Yang J C, Zhang J H.Grain yield and water use efficiency of super rice under soil water deficit and alternate wetting and drying irrigation.J Integr Agric, 2017, 16(5): 1028-1043.
[2]	朱德峰, 张玉屏, 陈惠哲, 向镜, 张义凯. 中国水稻高产栽培技术创新与实践. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(17): 3404-3414.
	Zhu D F, Zhang Y P, Chen H Z, Xiang J, Zhang Y K.Innovation and practice of high-yield rice cultivation technology in China.Sci Agric Sin, 2015, 48(17): 3404-3414. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	姚林, 郑华斌, 刘建霞, 贺慧, 黄璜. 中国水稻节水灌溉技术的现状及发展趋势. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(5): 1381-1387.
	Yao L, Zheng H B, Liu J X, He H, Huang H.Current situation and prospect of rice water-saving irrigation technology in China.Chin J Ecol, 2014, 33(5): 1381-1387. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	薛全义, 荆宇, 华玉凡. 略论我国旱稻的生产及发展. 中国稻米, 2002, 8(4): 5-7.
	Xue Q Y, Jing Y, Hua Y F.Simply talking about the production and development of dry rice in China. China Rice, 2002, 8(4): 5-7. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	陈琳. 黑土区水稻调亏灌溉模式的研究. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2010.
	Chen L.The studies on effects of regulated deficit irrigation of paddy rice in the phaeozem. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2010. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	茆智. 水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响. 中国工程科学, 2002(7): 8-16.
	Mao Z.Water Saving Irrigation for Rice and Its Effect on Environment. Eng Sci, 2002(7): 8-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	Norton G J, Shafaei M, Travis A J, Deacon C M, Danku J, Poand D, Cochrane N, Lockhart K, Salt D, Zhang H, Dodd L C, Hossain M, Rafiqul lslam M, Price A H. Impact of alternate wetting and drying on rice physiology, grain production, and grain quality.Field Crops Res, 2017, 205: 1-13.
[8]	杨建昌. 水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(1): 36-46.
	Yang J C.Relationships of rice root morphology and physiology with the formation of grain yield and quality and the nutrient absorption and utilization.Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44(1): 36-46. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	凌启鸿, 陆卫平, 蔡建中, 曹显祖. 水稻根系分布与叶角关系的研究初报. 作物学报, 1989,15(2): 123-131.
	Ling Q H, Lu W P, Cai J Z, Cao X Z.Study on the relationship between root distribution and leaf angle of rice.Acta Agron Sin, 1989, 15(2): 123-131. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	许乃霞, 杨益花. 抽穗后水稻根系活力与地上部叶片衰老及净光合速率相关性的研究. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(5): 1919-1921.
	Xu N X, Yang Y H.Research on the relationship between the root activity and leaf ageing, photosynthetic rate of rice after heading stage.J Anhui Agric Sci, 2009, 37(5): 1919-1921. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	张自常, 李鸿伟, 陈婷婷, 王学明, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(24): 4988-4998.
	Zhang Z C, Li H W, Chen T T,. Wang X M, Wang Z Q, Yang J C.Effect of furrow irrigation and alternate wetting and drying irrigation on grain yield and quality of rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44(24): 4988-4998. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	张自常, 徐云姬, 褚光, 王志琴, 王学明, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 不同灌溉方式下的水稻群体质量. 作物学报, 2011, 37(11): 2011-2019.
	Zhang Z C, Xu Y J, Chu G, Wang Z Q, Wang X M, Liu L J, Yang J C.Population quality of rice under different irrigation regimes.Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(11): 2011-2019. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	俞双恩, 彭世彰, 王士恒, 仲跃. 控制灌溉条件下水稻的群体特征. 灌溉排水, 1997(2): 22-25.
	Yu S E, Peng S Z, Wang S H, Zhong Y.The colony characteristics of rice under control irrigation condition. Irrig Drain, 1997(2): 22-25. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	蔡永萍, 杨其光, 黄义德. 水稻水作与旱作对抽穗后剑叶光合特性、衰老及根系活性的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2000, 14(4): 219-224.
	Cai Y P, Yang Q G, Huang Y D, Effect of rice cultivated under paddy and upland condition on photosynthesis and senescence of flag leaf and activity of root system after heading.Chin J Rice Sci, 2000, 14(4): 219-224. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Yang J C, Liu K, Wang Z Q, Du Y, Zhang J H.Water-saving and high-yielding irrigation for lowland rice by controlling limiting values of soil water potential.J Integr Plant Biol, 2007, 49(10): 1445-1454.
[16]	Zhang H, Zhang S F, Yang J C, Zhang J H, Wang Z Q.Postanthesis moderate wetting drying improves both quality and quantity of rice yield.Agron J, 2008, 100(3): 726-734.
[17]	Belder P, Bouman B.A. M, Cabangon R. Effect of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in Asia.Agric Water Manag, 2004, 65(3): 193-210.
[18]	Mazza G, Agnelli A E, Orasen G, Gennaro M, Vale G, Lagomarsino A.Reduction of global warming potential from rice under alternate wetting and drying practice in a sandy soil of northern Italy.Ital J Agron, 2016, 2(2): 35-44.
[19]	[ ] Lampayan R M, Rejesus R M, Singleton G R, Bouman B A M. Adoption and economics of alternate wetting and drying water management for irrigated lowland rice.Field Crops Res, 2015, 170: 95-108.
[20]	徐国伟, 王贺正, 翟志华, 孙梦, 李友军. 不同水氮耦合对水稻根系形态生理、产量与氮素利用的影响. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(10): 132-141.
	Xu G W, Wang H Z, Zhai Z H, Sun M, Li Y J.Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on root morphology and physiology, yield and nutrition utilization for rice.Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng, 2015, 31(10): 132-141. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	付景, 刘洁, 曹转勤, 王志琴, 张耗, 杨建昌. 结实期干湿交替灌溉对2个超级稻品种结实率和粒重的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40(6): 1056-1065.
	Fu J, Liu J, Cao Z Q, Wang Z Q, Zhang H, Yang J C.Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation during grain filling on the seed-setting rate and grain weight of two super rice cultivars.Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(6): 1056-1065. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	孙小淋, 杨立年, 杨建昌. 水稻高产节水灌溉技术及其生理生态效应. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(3): 253-257.
	Sun X L, Yang L N, Yang J C.Water-saving and high-yielding irrigation techniques of rice and their physiological and ecological effects.Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2010, 26(3): 253-257. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	李道西. 控制灌溉稻田甲烷排放规律及其影响机理研究. 南京: 河海大学, 2007.
	Li D X.Regularity of methane emission from paddy fields and its influence mechanism under rice controlled irrigation. Nanjing: Hohai University, 2007. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	王青菊, 胡金财, 马士学. 水稻节水控制灌溉技术研究. 北方水稻, 2012, 42(2): 34-35.
	Wang Q J, Hu J C, Ma S X.The research on water-saving irrigation.North Rice, 2012, 42(2): 34-35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	Nie X, Wang Y Y.Water requirement and yield of rice of Sanjiang Plain under different irrigation treatment. International Conference on Electric Technology & Civil Engineering IEEE, 2011.
[26]	Belder P, Spiertz J H J, Bouman B A M, Lu G, Tuong T P. Nitrogen economy and water productivity of lowland rice under water-saving irrigation.Field Crops Res, 2005, 93(2-3): 169-185.
[27]	Huang Y D, Zhang Z L, Wei F Z, Li J C.Ecophysiological effect of dry cultivated and plastic film mulched rice planting.Chin J Appl Ecol, 1999: 50-53.
[28]	Wu W G .Study on rice growth characteristics under dry-land cultivation and its culture technique. J Anhui Agric, 1998(3): 40-43.
[29]	Huang W J, Wang J H, Zhao C J, Huang Y D, Tao H Z, Tao Q H.Studies on the osmotic regulated substance and the hormone content of dry cultivation rice. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2002(1): 61-64,80.
[30]	Xu G W, Wang P, Tang C, Wang Z Q, Liu L J, Yang J C.Effect of dry-cultivation patterns on the yield and quality of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2006(1): 112-117.
[31]	Tang M L, Cheng D W, Yao H G, Xu M.Effect of direct-seeded dry cultivation with plastic film mulching on physiological characteristics of root and leaf at grain-filling stage and grain yield in early-season Indica rice.Chin J Rice Sci, 2005, 19(5): 475-478.
[32]	Cai Y X.Comparative Studies on cooking quality and RVA profile of several rice varieties under water- and dry-cultivation. Acta Agron Sin, 2003(4): 508-513.
[33]	张耗. 水稻根系形态生理与产量形成的关系及其栽培调控技术. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2011.
	Zhang H.Morphology and physiology of rice roots in relation to yield formation and cultivation regulation techniques. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	Passioura J B.Roots and drought resistance.Agric Water Manag, 1983, 7(1): 265-280.
[35]	蔡昆争, 骆世明, 段舜山. 水稻群体根系特征与地上部生长发育和产量的关系. 华南农业大学学报, 2005, 26(2): 1-4.
	Cai K Z, Luo S M, Duan S S.The relationship between root system of rice and aboveground characteristics and yield.J Huanan Agric Univ, 2005, 26(2): 1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]	刘桃菊, 戚昌瀚, 唐建军. 水稻根系建成与产量及其构成关系的研究. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(11): 1416-1419.
	Liu T J, Qi C H, Tang J J, Studies on relationship between the character parameters of root and yield formation in rice.Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35(11): 1416-1419. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]	凌启鸿, 凌励. 水稻不同层次根系的功能及对产量形成作用的研究. 中国农业科学, 1984, 17(5): 3-11.
	Ling Q H, Lin L.Study on the function of different levels of rice root system and its effect on yield formation.Sci Agric Sin, 1984, 17(5): 3-11. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[38]	樊明宪. 测定水稻根系氧化力的一种新方法. 湖南农学院学报, 1982(02): 102.
	Fan M X.A new method for measuring the oxidizing capacity of rice roots. J Hunan Univ Agric, 1982(02): 102. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[39]	Weiss J V, Emerson D, Backer S M, Megonigal J P.Enumeration of Fe(II)-oxidizing and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria in the root zone of wetland plants: Implications for a rhizosphere iron cycle.Biogeochemistry, 2003, 64(1): 77-96.
[40]	Neubauer S C, Toledo-Durán G E, Emerson D, Megonigal J P. Returning to their roots: Iron-Oxidizing bacteria enhance short-term plaque formation in the wetland-plant rhizosphere.Geomicrobiol J, 2007, 24(1): 65-73.
[41]	刘文菊, 胡莹, 朱永官, 高如泰, 赵全利. 磷饥饿诱导水稻根表铁膜形成机理初探. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14(1): 22-27.
	Liu W J, Hu Y, Zhu Y G, Gao R T, Zhao Q L.The mechanisms of iron plaque formation on the surface of rice roots induced by phosphorus starvation.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2008, 14(1): 22-27. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[42]	赵锋, 王丹英, 徐春梅, 张卫健, 章秀福. 水稻氧营养的生理、生态机制及环境效应研究进展. 中国水稻科学, 2009, 23(4): 335-341.
	Zhao F, Wang D Y, Xu C M, Zhang W J, Zhang X F.Progress in research on physiological and ecological response of rice to oxygen nutrition and its environment effects.Chin J Rice Sci, 2009, 23(4): 335-341. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[43]	杨旭健, 傅友强, 沈宏, 甘海华. 水稻根表铁膜及其形成的形态、生理及分子机理综述. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(08): 2235-2244.
	Yang X J, Fu Y Q, Shen H, Gan H H.A review on iron plaque on rice (Oryza sativa) root surface and the morphology, physiology and molecular biology of its formation mechanism.Chin J Ecol, 2014, 33(08): 2235-2244. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[44]	张西科, 尹君, 刘文菊, 张福锁, 毛达如. 根系氧化力不同的水稻品种磷锌营养状况的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2002(1): 54-57.
	Zhang X K, Yin J, Liu W J, Zhang F S, Mao D R.The nutritional status of P and Zn on rice cultivars with different oxidizing power of roots. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2002(1): 54-57. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[45]	肖金川. 不同年代粳稻品种根系伤流液变化与光合特性及物质生产的关系. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2012.
	Xiao J C.The correlation between the changes of root bleeding sap and photosynthetic characteristics along with material production in rice cultivars of different years. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2012. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[46]	陈佳娜, 谢小兵, 伍丹丹, 邹应斌. 水稻伤流液研究进展.中国农学通报, 2015, 31(09): 9-12.
	Chen J N, Xie X B, Wu D D, Zou Y B. research advances on rice bleeding sap. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2015, 31(9): 9-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[47]	肖金川, 武志海, 徐克章, 凌凤楼, 崔菁菁, 李鑫. 吉林省47年育成的水稻品种根系伤流液重量变化及其与剑叶光合速率的关系. 植物生理学报, 2012, 48(5): 499-504.
	Xiao J C, Wu Z H, Xu K Z, Ling F L, Cui J J, Li X.Changes of root bleeding sap weight and its correlation with flag leaf net photosynthetic rate in rice Cultivars released 47 Years in Jilin Province of China.Plant Physiol J, 2012, 48(5): 499-504. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[48]	唐拴虎, 徐培智, 陈建生, 艾绍英, 张宝发, 黄旭. 一次性施用控释肥对水稻根系活力及养分吸收特性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007(4): 591-596.
	Tang S H, Xu P Z, Chen J S, Ai S Y, Zhang B F, Huang X. Effects of single basal application of controlled-release fertilizer on root activity and nutrient absorption of rice(Oryza sativa L.). Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2007(4): 591-596. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[49]	常江, 张自立, 郜红建, 黄界颍, 甘旭华. 外源稀土对水稻伤流组分的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2004 (5): 522-525.
	Chang J, Zhang Z L, Gao H J, Huang J Y, Gan X H.Effect of rare earth on composition of bleeding sap of rice. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2004(5): 522-525. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[50]	梁建生, 曹显祖. 杂交水稻叶片的若干生理指标与根系伤流强度关系. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 1993, 14(4): 25-30.
	Lian J S, Cao X Z.Studies on the relationship between several physiological characteristics of leaf and bleeding rate of roots in hybrid rice(O. sativa L).J Yangzhou Univ: Agric Life Sci, 1993, 14(4): 25-30. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[51]	张淑香, 高子勤. 连作障碍与根际微生态研究Ⅱ.根系分泌物与酚酸物质. 应用生态学报, 2000, 11(1): 152-156.
	Zhang S X, Gao Z Q.Continuous cropping obstacle and rhizospheric microecology: Ⅱ. Root exudates and phenolic acids.Chin J Appl Ecol, 2000, 11(1): 152-156. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[52]	张福锁. 根分泌物及其在植物营养中的作用. 中国农业大学学报, 1992, 3(4): 353-356.
	Zhang F S.Root exudates and their role in plant nutrition.J Chin Agric Univ, 1992, 3(4): 353-356. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[53]	常二华, 张耗, 张慎凤, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 结实期氮磷营养水平对水稻根系分泌物的影响及其与稻米品质的关系. 作物学报, 2007, 33(12): 1949-1959.
	Chang E H, Zhang H, Zhang S F, Wang Z Q, Yang J C.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the root exudates during grain filling and their relations with grain quality of rice.Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33(12): 1949-1959. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[54]	张自常, 李鸿伟, 曹转勤, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对水稻产量和品质影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39(1): 84-92.
	Zhang Z C, Li H W, Cao Z Q, Wang Z Q, Yang J C.Effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and irrigation regime on grain yield and quality of rice.Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(1): 84-92. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[55]	Yang J C, Peng S B, Gu S L, Visperas R M, Zhu Q S.Changes in zeatin and zeatin riboside content in rice grains and roots during grain filling and the relationship to grain plumpness.Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27: 35-42.
[56]	Yang J C, Ming Q, Wang Z Q, Liu L J, Zhu Q S.Relationship between the cell proliferation and cytokinin contents in rice endosperm during its development.Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30(1): 11-17.
[57]	Bellaire B A, Carmody J, Braud J, Gossett D R, Banks S W, Cranlucas M, Fowler T E.Involvement of abscisic acid-dependent and-independent pathways in the upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activity during NaCl stress in cotton callus tissue.Free Radical Res, 2000, 33(5): 531-545.
[58]	Guan L.Cis-elements and transfactors that regulate expression of the maize Cat1 antioxidant gene in response to ABA and osmotic stress : H2O2 is the likely intermediary signaling molecule for the response.Plant J. 2000, 22(2): 87-95.
[59]	Zhu J K.Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants.Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2002, 53: 247-273.
[60]	Yang J C, Liu K, Zhang S F, Wang X M, Wang Z Q, Liu L J.Hormones in rice spikelets in responses to water stress during meiosis.Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(1): 111-118.
[61]	Yang J C, Zhang H, Zhang J H.Root morphology and physiology in relation to the yield formation of rice.J Integr Agric, 2012, 11(6): 920-926.
[62]	褚光, 展明飞, 朱宽宇, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2016, 42(7): 1026-1036.
	Chu G, Zhan M F, Zhu K Y, Wang Z Q, Yang J C.Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of rice.Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42(7): 1026-1036. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[63]	秦华东, 江立庚, 肖巧珍, 徐世宏. 水分管理对免耕抛秧水稻根系生长及产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2013, 27(2): 209-212.
	Qin H D, Jiang L G, Xiao Q Z, Xu S H.Effect of moisture management on rice root growth and rice grain yield at different growth stages under no tillage.Chin J Rice Sci, 2013, 27(2): 209-212. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[64]	杨菲, 谢小立. 稻田干湿交替过程生理生态效应研究综述. 杂交水稻, 2010, 25(5): 1-4.
	Yang F, Xie X L.Research advances of ecological and physiological effects of alternate wetting and drying in paddy field.Hybrid Rice, 2010, 25(5): 1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[65]	徐国伟, 吕强, 陆大克, 王贺正, 陈明灿. 干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮对水稻根系性状及籽粒库活性的影响. 作物学报, 2016, 42(10): 1495-1505.
	Xu G W, Lv Q, Lu D K, Wang H Z, Chen M C.Effect of wetting and drying alternative irrigation coupling with nitrogen application on root characteristic and grain-sink Activity.Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42(10): 1495-1505. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[66]	张耗, 剧成欣, 陈婷婷, 曹转勤, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 节水灌溉对节水抗旱水稻品种产量的影响及生理基础. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(23): 4782-4793.
	Zhang H, Ju C X, Chen T T, Cao Z Q, Wang Z Q, Yang J C.Effect of water-saving irrigation on the grain yield of water-saving and drought-resistance rice and its physiological bases.Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45(23): 4782-4793. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[67]	徐国伟, 孙会忠, 陆大克, 王贺正, 李友军. 不同水氮条件下水稻根系超微结构及根系活力差异. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(3): 811-820.
	Xu G W, Sun H Z, Lu D K, Wang H Z, Li Y J.Differences in ultrastructure and activity of rice roots under different irrigation and nitrogen supply levels.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2017, 23(3): 811-820. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[68]	卞金龙, 蒋玉兰, 刘艳阳, 冯咏芳, 刘贺, 夏仕明, 刘立军. 干湿交替灌溉对抗旱性不同水稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因分析. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(4): 379-390.
	Bian J L, Jiang Y L, Liu Y Y, Feng Y F, Liu H, Xia S M, Liu L J.Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on grain yield in rice cultivars with different drought resistance and its physiological mechanism.Chin J Rice Sci, 2017, 31(4): 379-390. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[69]	刘凯, 叶玉秀, 唐成, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 水稻籽粒中乙烯和ACC对土壤水分的反应及其与籽粒灌浆的关系. 作物学报, 2007, 33(4): 539-546.
	Liu K, Ye Y X, Tang C, Wang Z Q, Yang J C.Responses of ethylene and ACC in rice grains to soil moisture and their relation to grain filling.Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33(4): 539-546. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[70]	刘艳, 孙文涛, 宫亮, 蔡广兴. 水分调控对水稻根际土壤及产量的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(2): 98-100.
	Liu Y, Sun W T, Gong L, Cai G X.Effects of water regulation on rhizosphere soils and yield of rice.J Irrig Drain, 2014, 33(2): 98-100. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[71]	徐国伟, 陆大克, 孙会忠, 王贺正, 李友军. 干湿交替灌溉与施氮耦合对水稻根际环境的影响. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(4): 186-194.
	Xu G W, Lu D K, Sun H Z, Wang H Z, Li Y J.Effect of alternative wetting and drying irrigation and nitrogen coupling on rhizosphere environment of rice.Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng, 2017, 33(4): 186-194. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[72]	褚光, 杨凯鹏, 王静超, 张耗. 水稻根系形态与生理研究进展. 安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(9): 5097-5101.
	Chu G, Yang K P, Wang J C, Zhang H.Research progress on root morphology and physiology of rice.J Anhui Agric Sci, 2012, 40(9): 5097-5101. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[73]	李华, 张玉屏, 杨艳萍, 朱德峰. 土壤水分状况对水稻表层根系和产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2006, 24(1): 96-99.
	Li H, Zhang Y P, Yang L P, Zhu D F.Effects of soil moisture on superficial roots and yield of rice.Agric Res Arid Areas, 2006, 24(1): 96-99. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[74]	张凤翔, 周明耀, 周春林, 钱晓晴. 水肥耦合对水稻根系形态与活力的影响. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(5): 197-200.
	Zhang F X, Zhou M Y, Zhou C G, Qian X Q.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on root morphological characteristics and activities of rice.Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng, 2006, 22(5): 197-200. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[75]	吴建峰, 林先贵. 土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用. 土壤, 2003, 35(1): 18-21.
	Wu J F, Lin X G.Effects of soil microbes on plant growth.Soil, 2003, 35(1): 18-21. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[76]	陶龙兴, 王熹, 黄效林, 闵绍楷, 程式华. 水稻灌浆期间土壤含水量对根系生理活性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(11): 1616-1620.
	Tao L X, Lin X G, Huang X L, Min S H, Cheng S H.Effects of soil moisture content on physiological activity of rice root system during filling stage.Sci Agric Sin, 2004, 37(11): 1616-1620. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[77]	俞双恩, 王士恒. 控制灌溉条件下水稻的群体特征. 灌溉排水学报, 1997(2): 20-23.
	Yu S E, Wang S H.The colony characteristics of rice under control irrigation condition. J Irrig Drain, 1997(2): 20-23. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[78]	黄文江, 白善军, 黄义德, 王永久, 张玉屏. 水稻旱作条件下灌溉特性的研究. 安徽农学通报, 2000, 6(1): 35-37.
	Huang W J, Bai S J, Huang Y D, Wang Y J, Zhang Y P.Studies on grain filling characteristics of rice under dry cultivation. Anhui Agric Sci Bull, 2000(1): 35-37. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[79]	王熹, 陶龙兴, 黄效林, 闵绍楷, 程式华. 灌溉稻田水稻旱作法研究: 水稻的生育与生理特性. 中国农业科学, 2004(9): 1274-1281.
	Wang X, Tao L X, Huang X L, Min S H, Cheng S H.Study on non-flooding farming technique in irrigated paddy field: physiological and developmental characteristics of rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2004(09): 1274-1281. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[80]	梁森, 韩莉, 李慧娴, 连伟. 水稻旱作栽培方式及调亏灌溉指标试验研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2002(2): 13-19.
	Liang S, Han L, Li H X, Lian W.Study on rice cultivation method and regulated deficit irrigation index. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2002(2): 13-19. (in Chinese with English abstract)