水稻对富营养化水体生态修复效应及其研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.8005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水体富营养化是制约我国农业可持续发展的重要因素。水稻具有显著的水质净化能力,利用水稻对富营养化水体进行生态修复成为植物修复的一个重要的研究方向。通过文献调研,总结了水稻对不同富营养化水体(湖泊、水库、污水河道、养殖尾水、农田退水和生活污水)修复效率,综合分析了不同修复模式(浮床种稻、稻田湿地和稻鱼共作)的技术特点、适用范围和影响因素,归纳总结了水稻对富营养化水体修复的主要作用机制,并对下一步的研究提出了相关建议。

关键词: 水稻, 富营养化水体, 生态修复, 技术模式, 作用机理

Abstract:

Eutrophication is an important factor limiting sustainable development of agriculture in China. Rice has significant capacity to purify eutrophic water. With in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies, rice planting has great potential in restoration of eutrophic water in lakes, large reservoir, sewage river, fertile water from aquaculture pond, the irrigation return flow and domestic wastewater. With a summary of previous studies, We comprehensively compared the effects of rice planting on the restoration of eutrophic water and the removal efficiency of nutrients, and analyzed the technical characteristic and disadvantages in the application of three modes(floating-bed rice planting, paddy wetland and rice-fish co-culture).

Key words: rice, eutrophic water, remediation technology, technical mode, mechanism

中图分类号:

孙志萍, 秦琳, 刘耀斌, 李凤博, 冯金飞, 吴殿星, 方福平. 水稻对富营养化水体生态修复效应及其研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(5): 509-518.

Zhiping SUN, Lin QIN, Yaobin LIU, Fengbo LI, Jinfei FENG, Dianxing WU, Fuping FANG. Advances in Restoration Effects of Rice Growing on Eutrophic Water[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(5): 509-518.

图/表 2

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地点 Location	模式 Model	水源 Source of water	去除量Remove quantity
地点 Location	模式 Model	水源 Source of water	TN	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	NO₂^--N	TP	PO₄^3-	TSS	COD	BOD
湖南^[11] Hunan	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	湖南农业大学校内景观湖Landscape lake in Hunan agricultural university campus	10	6	-	-	0.80	-	-	-	-
重庆^[13] Chongqing	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	三峡库区 The Three Gorges Reservoir	2.73	-	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	-
黑龙江^[10] Heilongjiang	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	小兴凯湖 Small Xingkai Lake	7.70	-	-	-	0.83	-	-	-	-
云南^[7] Yunnan	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	河水 River water	-	13.20	-	-	1.20	-	-	-	-
湖北^[20] Hubei	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	长江排污 The Yangtze River drainage	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
东京^[16] Tokyo	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	河水 River water	-	10	129	4	-	-	-	-	-
江苏^[17] Jiangsu	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	河水 River water	29.73	-	-	-	2.92	-	-	-	-
台湾^[30] Taiwan	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	养殖尾水 Fertile water from fish pond	-	340	-	580	-	-	26700	-	-
筑波	稻田湿地	Kokai河	398	-	-	-	37	-	-	-	-
Tsukuba^[31]	Paddy wetlands	Kokai river
湖北^[32] Hubei	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	养殖尾水 Fertile water from fish pond	109.54~124.36	-	-	-	46.60~47.15	-	-	-	-
宁夏^[22] Ningxia	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	-	2.13	6.27	-	2.19	9.98	-	-	-
江苏^[33] Jiangsu	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	1.40	-	-	-	0.02	-	-	-	-
广西^[34] Guangxi	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	1.15	-	-	-	0.16	-	-	-	-
黑龙江^[35] Heilongjiang	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	城镇生活污水 Municipal sewage	-	-	-	-	-	-	58.43	163.27	42.80
浙江^[28] Zhejiang	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农村生活污水 Rural domestic wastewater	3.43	-	-	-	6.59	-	-	-	-

地点 Location	模式 Model	水源 Source of water	去除量Remove quantity
地点 Location	模式 Model	水源 Source of water	TN	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	NO₂^--N	TP	PO₄^3-	TSS	COD	BOD
湖南^[11] Hunan	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	湖南农业大学校内景观湖Landscape lake in Hunan agricultural university campus	10	6	-	-	0.80	-	-	-	-
重庆^[13] Chongqing	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	三峡库区 The Three Gorges Reservoir	2.73	-	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	-
黑龙江^[10] Heilongjiang	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	小兴凯湖 Small Xingkai Lake	7.70	-	-	-	0.83	-	-	-	-
云南^[7] Yunnan	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	河水 River water	-	13.20	-	-	1.20	-	-	-	-
湖北^[20] Hubei	盆栽模拟种稻 Pot culture	长江排污 The Yangtze River drainage	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
东京^[16] Tokyo	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	河水 River water	-	10	129	4	-	-	-	-	-
江苏^[17] Jiangsu	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	河水 River water	29.73	-	-	-	2.92	-	-	-	-
台湾^[30] Taiwan	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	养殖尾水 Fertile water from fish pond	-	340	-	580	-	-	26700	-	-
筑波	稻田湿地	Kokai河	398	-	-	-	37	-	-	-	-
Tsukuba^[31]	Paddy wetlands	Kokai river
湖北^[32] Hubei	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	养殖尾水 Fertile water from fish pond	109.54~124.36	-	-	-	46.60~47.15	-	-	-	-
宁夏^[22] Ningxia	生态浮床种稻Ecological floating bed for rice planting	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	-	2.13	6.27	-	2.19	9.98	-	-	-
江苏^[33] Jiangsu	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	1.40	-	-	-	0.02	-	-	-	-
广西^[34] Guangxi	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农田退水 The irrigation return flow	1.15	-	-	-	0.16	-	-	-	-
黑龙江^[35] Heilongjiang	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	城镇生活污水 Municipal sewage	-	-	-	-	-	-	58.43	163.27	42.80
浙江^[28] Zhejiang	稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	农村生活污水 Rural domestic wastewater	3.43	-	-	-	6.59	-	-	-	-

修复模式 Model	修复机理 Mechanism of remediation	优缺点 Advantage and disadvantage
生态浮床 Ecological floating bed	水稻直接吸收;改善微环境;根系和浮床基质吸附	优点：成本较低、效果好、易管理、适用范围广缺点：漂浮床体等易产生二次污染
稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	水稻生长的吸收利用;土壤的吸附和土壤微生物的降解	优点：成本较低、工艺流程简单、运行管理方便缺点：受地域限制、二次污染风险大
稻鱼共生 Rice-fish co-culture	水稻直接吸收;土壤的吸附和土壤微生物的降解;改善溶氧、降低沉积物再悬浮等间接作用	优点：成本低、操作简单、污染少、生态互惠缺点：稻田养鱼受水稻生长期限制,共生品种有限;鱼塘种稻适合水深1.5 m以下水体

修复模式 Model	修复机理 Mechanism of remediation	优缺点 Advantage and disadvantage
生态浮床 Ecological floating bed	水稻直接吸收;改善微环境;根系和浮床基质吸附	优点：成本较低、效果好、易管理、适用范围广缺点：漂浮床体等易产生二次污染
稻田湿地 Paddy wetlands	水稻生长的吸收利用;土壤的吸附和土壤微生物的降解	优点：成本较低、工艺流程简单、运行管理方便缺点：受地域限制、二次污染风险大
稻鱼共生 Rice-fish co-culture	水稻直接吸收;土壤的吸附和土壤微生物的降解;改善溶氧、降低沉积物再悬浮等间接作用	优点：成本低、操作简单、污染少、生态互惠缺点：稻田养鱼受水稻生长期限制,共生品种有限;鱼塘种稻适合水深1.5 m以下水体