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10 April 1996, Volume 10 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
综述与专论
研究简报


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研究报告

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The RFLP of Tagging of Giant Embryo Gene Qian Qian,Xiong Zhenmin,Min Shaokai,Zhu Lihuang 1996, 10(2): 65-70 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (675KB) ( )   Using 58 plants derived from the F2 population of the cross Nanjing 11 (indica) /Kinmaze ge mutant (japonica), a rice molecular linkage map containing 74 markers and referring to 12 linkage groups (chromosomes) was constructed. In the map, the ge gene was mapped on chromosome 7, linking tightly to RFLP markers RG678 and RZ395, with estimated distance of 6.2 cM and 13 cM. According to the locations of ge and Re gene in classical and molecular linkage map, two kinds of linkage map of rice chromosome 7 were corresponded to each other.

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Cytological Studies on Spikelet Sterility of Indica-Japonica Hybrids in Rice Zhu Xiaohong,Cao Xianzu,Zhu Qingsen 1996, 10(2): 71-78 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )   Indica-japonica hybrids with or without wide compatible gene were used to investigate the characteristics of gametophytic development and the causes of spikelet sterility. The results showed that: 1) Male and female gametophytes degenerated partly in some hybrids. The degeneration of male and female gametophytes occurred at the stage of the first microspore and megaspore mitosis. 2) Spikelet fertility was controlled by embryosac fertility, pollen fertility and anther dehiscence. The latter two determined the number of germinating pollen on stigma and affected indirectly the fertilization of spikelets.

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Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation on Starch Grains of Hybrid Rice and Their Parents Liang Jinkun,Wang Xuehai,Lu Naidi 1996, 10(2): 79-84 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (602KB) ( )   The morphological characters of endosperm starch grains of hybrid rice in 9 combinations and their parents were observed with scanning electron microscope. It was shown that there was distinct difference of morphological characters in both complex starch grain and single starch grain of endosperm between the well and poorly qualified rice. The morphology of the starch grain of hybrid rice was depended on the quality of both parents. In general, it exhibited features from both parents. If there was a great difference in the quality of both parents, the starch grain morphology tended to be similar to that of the parent with good quality. If both parents were of poor quality, that of the hybrid rice often had a better quality than the parents. It is suggested that study of starch grain morphology may be useful in grading of rice quality and in selection of parents for quality breeding of hybrid rice.

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Resistant Gene Analysis of Japonica Rice Variety, Dongnong 415, to Pyricularia grisea Saccardo Li Xinhai,Zou Detang 1996, 10(2): 85-90 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (452KB) ( )   By means of Cumulative Distribution Curve Method, seven sets of F3 lines derived from the cross combination (Norin 20 × Dengnong 415) were tested with seven Japanese strains of Pyricularia grisea Saccardo. The results indicated that the resistance of Dongnong 415 to P2b, Hoku 1, Ina 168 strains was controlled by three dominant genes, and the resistance to Ina 72 and Ken 54-20 strains was controlled by two dominant genes; to Ken 53-33 strain by two complementary dominant genes; to Ken 54-04 strain by two dominant genes and one recessive gene. Accordingly, there were at least three dominant genes for blast resistance in rice variety, Dengnong 415, and there were interactions between these genes.

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Nuclear Behaviour and DNA Content of Hybrids and Their Parental Lines Related To Heterosis in Rice (in English) Liu Xiaochuan,Wu Jianli,Tang Shaoqing,Min Shaokai 1996, 10(2): 91-94 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (204KB) ( )   To provide an insight into karyological and molecular bases of heterosis, using advanced techniques with MIPS-1 imaging analytical instrument, nuclear behaviour and DNA content of nine hybrids and eleven of their parental lines have been cytochemically investigated in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Each nucleus has been synchronically determined for its OD, IOD and size indices, and all of the data obtained from 4401 nuclei have been analysed through a computer. The result shows that an average of the IOD value from nine hybrids is remarkably higher compared with that from their parental lines, whereas the OD value of the nuclei is lower than that of their parents. The result also shows that those nucleus size is significantly expanded in the hybrids, especially in the prophase stage of mitosis. From the results, it might be concluded that the increase of DNA content and the decrease of DNA density as well as the expansion of the nuclei have occurred under the condition of F1 heterozygosity, where the strength of gene expression might have been somewhat enhanced. Undoubtedly, these could be important for understanding karyological and molecular bases of rice heterosis.

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Effect of the Beginning Period of Draining Paddy Field on the Percentage of Effective Tillers, Yield Formation and Population Quality in Rice Su Zufang,Zhou Xing'an,Zhang Yajie,Li Guosheng,Yao Zhifa,Shen Furong,Yao Youquan 1996, 10(2): 95-102 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (583KB) ( )   Experiments were carried out in several sites in Jiangsu Province in 3 years. Results are as follows:1) Draining paddy field in advance properly is beneficial to obtaining stable panicle number, raising percentage of effective tillers and improving population quality, increasing ratios of effective leaf area and total grain numbers per panicle, raising single stem and sheath weight at heading stage and the dry matter weight accumulate from heading to maturing. 2) Under the experiment of the numbers of tillers is about 80% of expected panicle numbers and base tillering fertilizer applied 60% of total, draining paddy field would significantly increase the percentage of effective tillers and population quality. It was clearly shown that draining paddy field at N leaf-age and keeping one leaf-age long would prohibit the length of the tiller bud in N leaf axil, and could make it grow slowly.

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Study of Lower Concentration 2,4-D on Enhancement of Rice Green Plantlets in vitro Guo Quansheng,Shen Ying 1996, 10(2): 103-109 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (762KB) ( )   Lower concentrations of 2,4-D (0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 8 mg/L) were used as auxins for induced calli of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on induction media. The results showed that 0.8 mg/L concentration of 2,4-D could induce a large number of calli earlier from scutellum or other parts, but calli could not differentiate green buds. On the contrary, 0.2 mg/L concentration of 2,4-D could only produce a few white, smoother and more compact granular structures or calli under the base of coleoptile, and the formation of them was very late, but the calli could change into clustered-buds and produce fine roots. These clustered-buds were cut into small pieces and transferred into the regeneration media containing KT, a large number of normal green plantlets (reached over 80%) were produced from the clustered-buds and the plantlets were transplanted on the field, they grew well and produced normal seeds.

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Race Evolution of Pyricularia grisea and Resistance Analysis of Partial Major Varieties in Wenzhou’s Rice Region Du Xinfa,Xu Jing,Lin Zaiqin,Tao Rongxiang,Sun Shuyuan 1996, 10(2): 110-114 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (309KB) ( )   Four hundred eighty one rice blast specimen were collected from 55 varieties planted in 11 counties (or cities or divisions) in Wenzhou rice region during 1991-1993, and 354 single conidia isolates were obtained. The isolates were assessed on 7 Chinese differential varieties, and 7 groups and 23 races were identified. Among them, group ZB was predominant with 80.23% of isolated frequency. The predominant races were ZB1, ZB9 and ZB13. The kinds of races had much changed compared with the general survey during 1981-1984. The races isolated from major varieties cultured in Wenzhou region were analysed. There was specificity in the race-variety interaction, so different races were detected depending on the varieties. The resistance of 11 major varieties to the tested isolates of Wenzhou region was examined. Varieties Shanyou 10 and Fuxin 6 had higher resistance, showing over 76% resistant frequency. Other tested varieties showed low resistant frequency. The resistant frequency of most major varieties to the predominant races was lower than to general isolates. Predominant races ZB1, ZB9 and ZB13 were of strong virulent to the major varieties in this rice region. It was important and urgent that breeding or introducing fine varieties with resistance to group ZB, especially to race ZB1, ZB9 and ZB13.

综述与专论

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Theories and Methods of Rice Breeding for Maximum Yield Yang Shouren,Zhang Longbu,Chen Wenfu,Xu Zhengjin,Wang Jinmin 1996, 10(2): 115-120 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (684KB) ( )   Rice breeding for maximum yield is a hot topic today in the world and a tremendous challenge as well. China's population is now approaching 1. 2 billion people. It is a country where rice constitutes a lion's share in grain production. The higher and higher the yield we seek, the more and more difficult the task will be. It is a breeding for maximum yield. Since there is no ready theory and method for us to follow, we have to grope along through trial and error. In this paper, the author attempts to make a comprehensive analysis of and systemize the valuable experience acquired by so many people through decades of painstaking labor, in order to further refine the theories and methods for combining ideal plant morphology with the utilization of vigor, as well as for optimized conbination of traits and criteria for selecting hybrid progeny put forward in the past, for reference and trial application by colleagues at home and abroad.

研究简报

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RFLP Analysis of Chloroplast DNA from Chinese Cultivated Rice and its Closely Wild Relative Xiao Han,Ying Cunshan,Huang Danian 1996, 10(2): 121-124 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )   Restriction endonuclease analysis of chloroplast DNA from 28 Chinese cultivars and 17 accessions of wild rice with EcoR Ⅰ, Hind Ⅱ and Pst Ⅰ indicated that there are three plastotypes (C1, C2, C3) in the cultivated rice, indica rice show C2 and C3 types and the former is major and japonica rice has C1 type. In Chinese common wild rice there have the same two plastotypes, C1 and C3, but most accessions have C1 plastotype and only one has C3 types. The result suggest that the indica-japonica differentiation was prior to the domestication and China is the homeland of japonica rice.

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Laboratory Test on the Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinemema feltiae Beijing, to Rice Weevil, Echinonmus squameus, overwintered in Wheat Field Chen Junwei,Zhang Zhetao,Jiang Jinwei,Wang Shiming,Guo Yujie,Wang Nianying 1996, 10(2): 125-128 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (212KB) ( )   Rice weevil, Echinonmus squameus, is becoming one of major rice insect pest in Yellow valley in Henan province due to the increase of rice cultivating area, new variety deposition as well cropping system changes. The diapause of the weevil occurs at matured larva stage in the rice stubble left in the following winter wheat field. Laboratory test showed that the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinemema feltiae Beijing, has a quite high pathogenicity on the over-wintered weevil larvae and resulted in 96. 7% of the mortality. The reinfection by the killed larva was evaluated and the mortality of re-infected larvae might reach 69% and 83% after 7 and 14 days, respectively. The killed larvae increased from 46.8% to 86.0% with rising the dosage of the nematodes from 100,000/m2 to 150,000/m2. The weevil larva density also significantly influenced the control effectiveness. A better control may be obtained using less nematodes at low larva density and more nematodes at higher larva density.