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    10 January 1998, Volume 12 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

    研究报告
    研究简报
    实验技术
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    研究报告
    Effects of the Age of Plan on Sterility of Photo-Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice
    Chen Xionghui,Wan Banghui,Liang Keqin,Lu Yanpeng
    1998, 12(1): 1-5 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (319KB) ( )  
    The sterility of the photo -thermo -stnsitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) lines was affected by the age of plant in Guangzhou, the longer the age of plant was, the higher the critical photoperiod and temperature inducingsterility was and the shorter the sterile period was. The characteristics varied among PTGMS lines. The effect of the age of plant on sterility was a progressively accumulating quantitative changing process. The difference of sterility would be expressed in an interval of twenty days of the age of plant, the more the disparity in the age of plant was, the more the difference of sterility was. The effects on sterility would tend to be stable or change conversekt when the disparity of the age of plant reached a fairly high level.
    Factors Related to Cold Tolerance at Booting Stage in Oryza sativa L.
    Ye Changrong,Liao Xinhua,Dai Luyuan,Zhang Jianhua,
    1998, 12(1): 6-10 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (215KB) ( )  
    The size of anther, number of pollen and diameter of fertile pollen were analysed with 14 cultivars of Oryza sativa L. under cool temperature treatment. The relationship were discovered between the size of anthers and the number of pollen (r= 0. 831** ) as well as between cold tolerance (seed-setting rate) and the size of anthers (r= 0. 853** ) or the number of fertile pollen (r= 0. 915** ). There is a positive relationship between coldtolerance (seed-setting rate) and the diameter of fertile pollen (r= 0. 75** ). The number of fertile pollen was considered as the most important factor of cold tolerance at booting stage.
    Mapping a New Gene for Wide Compatibility of Rice in Relation to RFLP Markers
    Zhang Xiaohui,Zhu Xudong,Qian Qian,Zhu Lihuang,Zeng Dali,Cao Liyong,Wang Jianlin
    1998, 12(1): 11-16 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (344KB) ( )  
    Genetic analysis was conducted on the spikelet fertility in segregation ppulation of IR24, Pecos, 02428 crosses. Thirty-five of 87 RFLP probes located on 12 chromosomes combined with 7 restriction enzymes, can detect polymorphisms among the cultivars. These 35 probes were used to further analyze the segregation of spikeletfertility of 55 plants in segregating population of triple cross (Pecos /IR 24).
    Ultrastructural Changes in Rice Embryogenic Suspension Cells Cryopreserved by Vitrification
    Liu Feng,Wang Junhui,Huang Chunnong,Yan Qiusheng,Zhang Xueqin
    1998, 12(1): 17-20 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (272KB) ( )  
    Ultrastructural changes in rice embryogenic suspension cells cryopreserved by vitrification were assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Preculture decreased the degree of vacuolation and the cristae mitochondriale became well developed. Swelling of mitochondria together with reduced matrix density were observed inthe loaded cells. After dehydration, expansion of nucleus cisternal space and vesiculation of membranous materialswere examined. No significant alterations occurred subsequently in the cooling step. During recovery culture, ricecells regained the normal ultrastructure. Molphological alterations during preculture step may be used as markers .ofimproved desiccation and freeze tolerance. Morphological alterations during loading, dehydration and cooling stepwere reversible injuries. The possible mechanisms for those results were discussed.
    Factors Involved in Microprojectile-Mediated Transformation of Indica Rice
    Xue Rui,Cao Shouyun,Yang Wei,Tian Wenzhong,Hua Zhihua,Huang Danian,Li Liangcai
    1998, 12(1): 21-26 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (319KB) ( )  
    Immature embryos and embryogenic calli of 16 indica rice cultivars have been transformed usingparticle bombardment. We set up a variety of parameters to optimize the important factors involved in biolistictransformation of indica rice, and supplement various hormones , mannitol and MES to NB medium in order to improve growth state of subcultured calli. Results indicate that operation parameters (include concentration of AuDNA complex, helium pressure, and receptor state) involved in microprojectile-mediated transformat ion are veryimportant to transformation rate; MES (500 mg/L) added to the subculture medium as a buffer can mitigatebrowning of indica rice calli; supplementing NAA(0. 5 mg/L),KT(0. 2 mg/L) to the induce medium and the subculture medium can improve the quality of calli and increase the regeneration rate ; ABA(1 mg/L) and mannitol (20 g/L) can improve the growth state of calli, mitigate browning and obtain more granular Basta calli that are fineand close in texture. The transgenic plants resistant to Basta were obtained.
    The Simulation of Survival Rate and Fecundity of Adult Brown Plant Hopper
    Hao Shuguang,Zang Wei,Li Ronggang,Cheng Xianian
    1998, 12(1): 27-30 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (254KB) ( )  
    Based on the Weibull's function, the models of survival rate and fecundity of adult brown plant hopper(Nilaparvata lugens Stal) have been made along with their age distribution traits. The models are fitable according to the paper's results. The survival rate decreases as the temperature increases, but there is no obvious difference between each developmental stage of rice. The peak of fecundity occurs at 26 ℃ and at heading stage of rice. The increasing rate of the population is higher at a little higher temperature than at the biological optimum temperature. It is because the reproductive peak comes earlier. The results indicated that the age distribution of survivalrate and fecundity is more important than total children number in making system model of pest population dynamicforecasting and management.
    The Pathogenicity and Integrated Control Measures of Rice Root Nematodes
    Zhang Shaosheng,Li Maosheng,Yan shuping
    1998, 12(1): 31-34 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (190KB) ( )  
    Inoculation tests showed that Hirschmanniella oryzae could cause yield losses of rice, especially reduced the number of panicles and grain weight. The susceptible stage of rice is the reviving stage, inoculations of300 and 470 nematodes per plant caused 8. 8% and 13. 5% yield loss at the stage. Integrated control measures included tobacco rotation with rice, rice straw return to paddy field, winter ploughing and winter planting, use of tolerant rice cultivars. The reviving stage of transplanted rice seedling is the optimum time of chemical control for riceroot nematodes.
    The Distribution and Species of Antagonistic Bacteria Against Sheath Blight in Rice Ecosystem (in English)
    Chen Zhiyi,T. W. Mew
    1998, 12(1): 35-39 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (233KB) ( )  
    Seven hundred bacterial strains were isolated from diseased or healthy rice plant in Laguna Provinceof Philippines, and then were tested at gram reaction, antagonistic and pathogenicity. There were a lot of G-, antagonistic and non-pathogenetic bacteria in the rice ecosystem. Antagonistic bacteria isolated from diseased riceplant and at milking to maturity stage were more than that from healthy rice plant and at maximum tillering to flowering stage. Two hundred bacterial strains of them were identified for their species by Biolog. There were 13 genera, 39 species in the 147 G- bacteria and 8 genera,39 species in the 48 G+ bacteria occurred in rice ecosystem. In 195 identified bacteria, 20 isolates possessed stronger antagonistic ability and distributed in 7 genera and 12 species.
    Effects of Flooding and Subsequent Air-drying on Phosphorus Adsorption, Desorption and Available Phosphorus in the Paddy Soils (in English)
    Zhang Yongsong,Lin Xianyong,Ni Wuzhong
    1998, 12(1): 40-44 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (122KB) ( )  
    Both fresh wet and air-dried samples of the flooded soils were used to study the effects of floodingand air-drying process on P adsorption, desorption and Olsen-P in two paddy soils. The results showed that flooding sharply increased P adsorption and significantly decreased P desorption and Olsen-P in the soils while air-dryingprocess of the flooded soils markedly reduced P adsorption and increased both P desorption and Olsen-P. Micro-biological mineralization or activation of phosphorus should be one of the important reasons why the available P in theflooded soils was increased by air-drying procedure. It is suggested that fresh wet sample should be used in the evaluation of P availability to rice.
    Effects of Proline and α-Ketoglutaric Acid on the Seed Setting Rate in Hybrid Rice
    Zhou Yong,Song Guoqing,Xue Xiaoqiao,Ju Chaoming,Liao Gongxian,Zhang Guangming
    1998, 12(1): 45-50 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (356KB) ( )  
    Exogenuous proline and α-ketoglutaric acid sprayed on plants of hybrid rice Shanyou R3-2 duringmeiosis resulted in the effect of raising the activity of pollen, increasing the content of free proline and proteins ofanthers,reducing the rate of empty glume on the secondary rachis branches of panicles. A significant difference wasdiscovered in seed setting rate between the plants sprayed with 80 and 120 mg/kg water solutions of proline and α-ketoglutaric acid and the control.
    研究简报
    Identification for Genetic Expression of Rice Quality Traits in Several Crosses Between Indica and Japonica Cultivars
    Xu Chengwu,Zhang Aihong
    1998, 12(1): 51-54 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (182KB) ( )  
    The genetic expression of four quality traits, grain length (GL), grain width (GW), gelatinizationtemperature (GT) and amylose content (AC) was identified each by two indica/japonica crosses using two indica andthree japonica cultivars. The genetic expression of GL and GW is completely subject to the diploid maternal genotype, and that of GT and AC is controlled by the diploid maternal genotype as well as the triploid endosperm genotype. The endosperm genotype may play the main role in the genetic expression of GT and AC.
    Combining Ability Analysis for Main Traits in the Rice Cultivars with Blast Resistance and/or Good Quality
    Li Xiaofang,He Kunming,Lin Hong,Zhu Xiaoyuan,Liang Ning,Wu Donghui,Zhen Hai
    1998, 12(1): 55-58 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (279KB) ( )  
    The heritability and combining ability of blast resistance, the number of effective panicles, amylosecontent and gelatinization etc. were studied by means of diallel analysis in ten rice cultivars with blast resistanceand/or good quality. The results show that blast resistance, amylose content and gelatinization are mainly controlled by additive gene effect. The number of tillers per plant, the number of panicles per plant, the length of panicle and plant height are controlled by both additive and non additive effect. Waixuan 35 is a cultivar with good resistance to blast, good shape of grains and strong combining ability and heritability of resistance but not good for gelatinization and amylose content. In our results we found another cultivar Erbazhan which combined resistance andtraits of good quality very well. The good effects of the general combining ability in Erbazhan are significant andvery significant at both of resistance and quality. Erbazhan may be used as a new source of resistance material.Meanwhile, when we use Erbazhan as a parent in the rice breeding program of resistance and good quality and highyield, it is better to select another parent that have negative general combining ability in plant height and big variance in general combining ability effect in order to improve the resistance to lodging.
    实验技术
    Use of Non-Radioactive ECL Direct Nucleic Acid Labelling and Detection System on RFLP Analysis in Rice
    Zhang Shaohong,Liu Bin,Luo Lin,Zhu Xiaoyuan,Yang Qiyun,Wu Shangzhong
    1998, 12(1): 59-61 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (237KB) ( )  
    Non-radioactive ECL direct nucleic acid labelling and detection system was used for RFLP analysis inrice. The system involves directly labelling DNA or RNA probe with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP),and the detection of non-radioactive signal is based on chemiluminescence , that is the generation of light via enzyme(HRP)-catalyzed reactions. This is a simple, safe and quick method. The band patterns were clear and comparablewith those by 32P labelling.