Archive

10 July 1999, Volume 13 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
研究报告
综述与专论
研究简报
实验技术


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

研究报告

Select

RFLP Analysis of Euploid Plants from Crosses Between Oryza sativa and Oryza eichingeri Liu Guoqing,Yan Huihuang,Luo Yaowu,Min Shaokai,Zhu Lihuang 1999, 13(3): 129-133 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (416KB) ( )   Sixty seven euploid plants (2n = 24 ,CC) derived from intergenomic crosses between Oryza sativa cv. 02428 (2n =24, AA) and two accessions Oryza eichingeri (2n= 24, CC) were analyzed by using 164 RFLP markers, and 6o plants wereidentified to be introgression lines, each carrying 1 - 6 chromosome segments from O. eichingeri. Most introgression linescontained similar O. eichingeri segments as defined by common RFLP marker(s). The incorporated O. eichingeri segments were small in size and mainly distributed away from centromeres. In addition, the Possible causes for the occurrence of novel bands in euploid plants were discussed.

Select

Identification of QTL for Cold Tolerance at Early Seedling Stage in Rice(Oryza sativa) via RFLP Markers Yan Changjie,Li Xin,Cheng Zhukuan,Yu Hengxiu,Gu Minghong,Zhu Lihuang 1999, 13(3): 134-138 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (331KB) ( )   By using a doubled haploid population(DH) containing 67 DH lines derived from anther culture of F1 cross between Balilla (japonica) and Nanjing 11 (indica), an RFLP map was constructed, which consisted of 131 RFLP markers covering all 12 linkage groups at an average distance 14. 1 cm. When the cold tolerance was assessed by using died seedling percent in DH lines and their parents at 4 - 5 C as the indicator, a continuous distribution with two peaks was observed in the DHpopulation. The result indicated that the cold tolerance at early seedling stage in rice fitted for quantitative trait model, andwas controlled by a major gene. On the basis of QTL interval analysis with Mapmaker/QTL, 39% of the phenotypic variance associated with died seedling percent was explained by the QTL(Cts 7), which was at the interval G379b-RG4 on chromosome7. The mapping of cold tolerance gene Cts 7 can facilitate the rice cold tolerance breeding via marker assisted selection.

Select

Chloroplast DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in the Genus Oryza Zhu Shihua,Wang Mingquan,Wang Xiangming 1999, 13(3): 139-142 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (382KB) ( )   One hundred and thirty eight accessions of 14 species in the genus Oryza with two Leersia species were assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) using EcoR I and four probes of chloroplast DNA. Ten types of chloroplast DNA variation were observed. No polymophisms were detected within any speciesinvestigated. The classification of chloroplast genome types is in accordance with that of nuclear genomes of Oryza and it is inferred that variability of chloroplast DNA in genus Oryza is low. our data suggested that CCDD tetroploid species (O. alta, O. grandiglumis and O. latifolia ) and CC diploid species (O. officinalis and O. eichingeri ) with each other have a common ancestor while phylogenetic analysis indicated that CC,BBCC and CCDD genomes were closely related to one another andthey were rather closely related to EE genome a1so. Perrieri and tisseranti of genus Leersia have more far genetic distance fromgenus Oryza.

Select

Inheritance of Dominant Genic Male Sterility and Its Restoration in Rice He Haohua,Liu Yibai,Cai Yuehui,Yu Qiuying,Li Jineng,Liu Jianping 1999, 13(3): 143-146 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (264KB) ( )   The genetics of Pingxiang dominant genic male sterile rice was studied, the results show that its fertility is controlled by two pairs of dominant genes Ms and Rf which have epistatic interaction. Ms is a dominant sterile gene, Rf is a dominant epistatic gene. When both genes are present in the same individual, the latter can inhibit expression of the former, so that the individual changes from being sterile to being fertile. The genetic components of sterile population are Msmsrfrf+ msmsrfrf or MsMsrfrf + MsMsRfRf. The restorer line genotype is msmsRfRf.

Select

Quantitative Change of Components in the Best Nutrient pI Range of Endosperm Proteins in Indica Rice Crossing Parents and Their F1 Generation and the Influence of Cropping Seasons on It Li Yu,Liu Yitian,Wu Shizhao 1999, 13(3): 147-151 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (366KB) ( )   Using seven early indica rice cu1tivars cultivated in South China and the twelve pairs of reciprocal combinations produced by them as materials, the contents (ratios ) of the protein components of the best nutrient pI range were determined,/ based on the separation of entire endosperm proteins through isoelectrofocusing-polyacrylamlde gel electrophoresis（IEF-PAGE） and the quantitative analysis by chromato automatic scan. The relationship between the quantitative change and crossing ways, and the cropping seasons was analyzed by statistics.The results revealed that no matteter under whatever genetic background, the IEF-PAGE spectrums of all tested materials and the scanning spectrums took on extremely similar features in the contents (ratios) of the best nutrient pI range components, There was no significant difference between reciprocal crosses. but there was between the early and late seasons in the protein contents of the best nutrient pI range.

Select

Studies on the Texture and Palatability of Cooked Rice Chen Neng,Luo Yukun,Zhu Zhiwei,Xie Lihong 1999, 13(3): 152-156 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (357KB) ( )   An Instron testing machine was employed to simulate the chewing action for testing the eating quality of cooked rice. Thirty six indica and 3o japonica rice grain samples were dehulled, milled and cooked conventionally. The sensory scores were rnade by panels test for each sample. The Instron texture curves were created with lnstron testing machine by pressing and pulling the cool cooked rice, and five factors indicating cooked rice texture were selected: hardness, looseness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, stickiness. The correlation and regressions between the textural factors and the sensory scores were made. The results showed: (1) both for indica and japonica rice, palatability was significantly positively correIated to looseness, adhesiveness and stickiness, and nonetheless, significantly negatively to hardness and cohesiveness. (2 ) The values of R2 of the regression of the five factors to paIatabi1ity were o. 673(indica) and o. 63o(japonica) , respectively. (3) The re-gression equations between panels scores and factors were created for indica and japonica rice respectively, and they have been proved to be more valuable than amylose content or gel consistency in selection for varieties with high eating quality.

Select

Photosynthesis-Related Characteristics of Different Ploidy Rice Plants Fu Yaping,Yan Honglan,Li Lingfang,Yu Yonghong,Si Huamin,Hu Guocheng,Xiao Han,Sun Zongxiu 1999, 13(3): 157-160 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (323KB) ( )   The characteristics related with photosynthesis were measured using anther culture-derived haploid, diploid, and tetraploid p1ants of o2428, a japonica rice line (Oryza sativa L. ). The stomatal size and specific leaf weight increased as ploidy increasing while stomatal density decreased. There was no correlation between chlorophyll content and chromosome dosage. The photosynthetic rates of flag leaf in haploid were 9. 39 and 10.16 mg CO2/dm2 h respectively in continual two years,that in diploid were 17. 57 and 15. 8o mg CO2/dm2 h,and that in tetraploid were the highest, upto 22.64 and 22. 52 mg CO2/dm2 h, respectively. The relationship between trait expression and DNA dosage was discussed.

Select

Enhancement of Drought Resistance of Rice Seedlings by Calcium Lu Shaoyun,Li Yongchao,Guo Zhenfei,Li Baosheng,Li Mingqi 1999, 13(3): 161-164 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (252KB) ( )   Rice seeds were immersed in CaCl2 soIution or water (as control ) for 18 hours, and then germinated. The seedlings treated with Ca2+ showed higher relative water content and lower relative plasmalema permeability under osmotic stress by -0. 5 MPa, which indicated that drought resistance was increased by Ca2+ treatment. Soaking seeds with chloropromazine (CPZ, 2 mmol/L) and CPZ (2 mmol/L) + Ca2+ (20 mmol/L) also increased the drought resistance of rice seedlings. After treatment with osmotic stress for one day, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were activated, and the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were increased by soaking seeds with 2o0 mmol/L of Ca2+. These results indicated that Ca2+ treatment increased protection against membrane lipid peroxidation and stability of membranes and therefore resulted in the increase of drought resistance of rice seedlings.

Select

Resistance Induced by Biotic and Abiotic Inducers to Rice Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) and Its Relation to Active Oxygen Metabolism in Rice Seedlings Zeng Fuhua,Wu Yuexuan,Luo Zemin 1999, 13(3): 165-169 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (330KB) ( )   Two rice cultivars,Yushuinuo and Zhefu 8o2, with high resistance and susceptibility to rice bacterial blight respectively were used as materials. Their second leaves were pre-treated at the two-1eaf stage with paraquat(PQ),a strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo )75-1 with weak viru1ence and Tiron (4, 5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene-disufonic acid)which can specifically react with o2. The challenge inoculation with a strain 76-25 of high viruIence was used at the three-leaf stage. The results showed that pre-treatment with PQ and 75-1 strain induced systematic resistance to strain 76-25, and increased the rate of O2-generation and MDA (malondialdehyde) content in the induced leaves. The change of O2 -generating rate was greatest at 24 h to 72 h after induction with PQ. The changes of MDA content in the induced leaves were later than that of o2-generating rate and the greatest was at 72 h after induction with both PQ and 75-l strain. However the activities of super oxide dismutase (SoD) in the induced leaves decreased after induction with 75-l strain,but increased after induction with PQ. Tiron showed a negative effect on the induced resistance to Xoocaused by 75-l strain and PQ. lt was specially found that the incompatible interaction between 75-1 strain and two rice cultivars turned into a similar compatible interaction when 75-l strain added o2 scavenger Tiron as an inducer.

综述与专论

Select

DDRT-PCR Method and Its Application in Rice Genetics and Breeding Gu Keyu,Zhai Huqu 1999, 13(3): 170-172 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (281KB) ( )   The generaI principle. procedure of mRNA differentiaI dispIay and its application in rice genetics and breeding were summarized. The recent deveIopments of DDRT-PCR (differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) in gene c1oning of rice are also described.

研究简报

Select

Establishment and Genetic Analysis of a Stable Herbicide Resistant Transgenic Rice Line TR4 Wu Mingguo,Huang Danian,Lin Jianrong,Wang Xiaoling,Hua Zhihua,Zhang Shangqing,Xue Rui 1999, 13(3): 173-175 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (278KB) ( )   Immature embryos of rice variety Jingyin ll9 were treated with bar gene via particle bombardment. Herbicide resistant transgenic rice plantlets were obtained. The stable herbicide resistant transgenic rice line TR4,which possesses agronomic characters similar to Jingyin 1l9,was consecutively selected from the self-pollinated progenies of above transformed plant. Genetic analysis of the crosses of TR4 with four japonica rice varieties demonstrated that the herbicide resistance of TR4 was controlled by a pair of dominant genes and accorded with Mendelian segregation. Successful transbreeding of bar gene by sexual hybridization is valuable in selection of hybrid rice and direct seeded rice.

Select

Selection Efficiency of Rice Anther Culture Breeding in Cold Region Sun Yansong,Shang Shuhua,Zhang Yunjiang 1999, 13(3): 176-178 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (206KB) ( )   Based on the data from 25-year rice anther culture breeding and contemporary conventional breeding in cold region, their selection efficiency were compared. Rate of new lines provided to yield trials is l6. 94% for anther culture breeding, l. 49 times that of the conventional breeding; and the rate of improved variety obtained from anther culture is o. 93%, 3. 32 times comparing with that from conventional breeding. Analysis of some traits of plants and rice variety cultivated area indicated that anther culture has the same ideal selection effects as that of conventional breeding, but has higher selection efficlency.

Select

Analysis of Genetic Effects and Genotype×Environment Interaction Effects for Apparent Quality Traits of Indica Rice Shi Chunhai,He Cixin,Zhu Jun,Chen Jianguo 1999, 13(3): 179-182 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (348KB) ( )   Genetic and genotype Xenvironment interaction effects were studied for apparent quality traits, including brownrice length(BRL), brown rice width (BRW), brown rice thickness (BRT), ratio of length to width of brown rice (RLW) and ra-tio of length to thickness of brown rice (RLT), of indica rice in different environments. Results indicated that BRL, RLW andRLT were mainly controlled by genetic effects, and BRW and BRT were mainly in f1uenced by genotyPe X environment interac-tion effects. Among the genetic effects, maternal effects were the principal components for BRL, RLW, and RLT, whiIe cyto-plasmic effects were the principal components for BRW and BRT. Among the genotype Xenvironment interaction effects, all ap-parent quality traits were mainly affected by maternal Xenvironment interaction effects. Additive effects and additive by envi-ronment interaction effects prirnarily controlled the performance of rice apparent quality traits, except for BRW and BRT whichwere affected by dorninance effects. The predicted genetic effects indicated that the genetic effects of Zhexie 2A, Xieqingzao A,V2o A, and Cezao 2-2 were better parents for improving rice apparent quaIity traits of progenies. The predicted genotype Xenvi-ronment interaction effects showed that the genetic stabiIity of Zhexie 2A in different environments were expected.

Select

Resistance Assessment of Yunnan Wild Rices to Blast Liang Bin,Xiao Fanghua,Huang Feiyuan,Peng Shaoqiu,Chen Yong,Dai Luyuan,Liu Erming 1999, 13(3): 183-185 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (224KB) ( )   ln contrast with Tetep (resistant) and B4o(susceptible), the blast resistance of three Yunnan wild rices (Oryza offcinalis Wall., Oryza rufipogon Griff., and Oryza meyeriana Baill. ) were identified. The results indicated that o.offcinalis was infected at first, and its leaf blast severities and spore layer scales of lesions at seedIing stage were 7 and 5 grades, respectively. Jinhong common wild rice's were 8 and 7 grade, Yuanjiang common wild rice's were 9 and 7, respectively. O. meyeriana was infected late and scattered slowly, and at 3 and 1 grades, respectively. on the other hand, O. minuta resisted the blast in the same field. Thus,the blast resistance types of Yunnan wild rices were assessed as follow: O. rufipogon highly susceptible; O. officinalis susceptible, and O. meyeriana moderately resistant.

实验技术

Select

Preliminary Report on the Isolation Technique of Ustilagonoidea virens (Cooke) Tak Zhou Yongli,Zhang Qi 1999, 13(3): 186-188 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (190KB) ( )   Effect of the kinds of media, isolation methods and the stored periods of false smut ball on the isolation of Ustilagonoidea virens have been primarily studied to seek ideal isolation technique. The resuIts showed Wakimoto Toceshi+chloromycetin (50 μg /mL) is an ideal medium for the pathogen isolation, and rice grain is the best medium for the sporulation of chlamycladospores so far studied. The methods of chlamycladosporal suspension can be used for the rapid isolation of the pathogen, and the inner tissue can successfully isolate the pathogen from false smut balls which have been stored for a longtime (10 months).

Select

Apparent Amylose Content of Rice by Near Infrared Reflectance Analysis of Ground Milled Samples Shu Qingyao,Wu Dianxing,Xia Yingwu,Gao Mingwei,Anna McClung 1999, 13(3): 189-192 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (246KB) ( )   Using about 3 g ground milled rice testing samples, the effectiveness of apparent amylose content (AAC) analyzed by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as well as the influencing factors for calibration were studied, whichwas indicated by the standard errors [[SEC for calibration, SECV for cross validation, and SEP(C) for validation ] and determination coefficients (R2 for calibration and RSQ for validation). Three different regression techniques, e. g. modified PartialLeast Square (MPLS), Partial Least Square (PLS), and Principal Component Regression (PCR), were compared for their effectiveness in calibration.The SEC, SECV and SEP(C) were o. 83, l. 75 and 1. o9 for MPLS; l. 73, l. 98 and l. 74 for PLS;and 2.29, 2. 56 and 1. 72 for PCR; While R2 and RSQ were o. 983 and o. 9l for MPLSI ;o. 927 and o. 84 for PLSl ;and o. 87 ando. 84 for PCR. These results indicated that MPLS is the best statistic method for calibration of AAC by NIRS. Two differentsample populations were compared for their efficiency of AAC calibration. one was selected by a computer program SELECTbased on NIRS characteristics, another was established by proportionally selection of samp1es with various AAC which wasdetermined by chemical analysis, these two populations were designated with P I and P Ⅱ, respectively. The SEC, SECV andSEP(C) for P I were smaller than that for PⅡ, while the R2 and RSQ were similar, which indicated that sample selection byspectroscopic character was more suitable for NIRS calibration.