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10 January 2003, Volume 17 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
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研究报告

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SSR Markers Selection and Purity Detection of Major Hybrid Rice Combinations and Their Parents in China PENG Suo-tang ,ZHUANG Jie-yun ,YAN Qi-chuan ,ZHENG Kang-le 2003, 17(1): 1-5 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (684KB) ( )   Twenty six SSR primers distributing in 12 rice chromosomes were used to detect nine major hybrid rice combinations and their parents in China. Out of the primers used, 21 were polymorphic and amplified 62 bands totally with a mean of 2.95 bands per primer. It could distinguish all restorer lines and most sterile lines effectively. The bands of hybrid rice were complement types of their parents, which were adapted to examine purity of hybrid rice seed. Primer RM17 was selected for SSR identification with 100 single seeds of Shanyou 63 and Liangyoupeijiu. The purity was 96.0% and 98.0%, respectively, which were approximate to their field purity (96.2% and 97.7%, respectively). It suggested that SSR technique has wide prospective in variety authentication and purity identification.

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Transformation of Rice with mtlD Gene WANG Hui-zhong ,LIU Jun-jun ,LU De-zhao ,ZHAO Yan ,YAN Mei-xian ,QIAN Qian ,PENG Xue-xian ,CHEN Shou-yi ,HUANG Da-nian 2003, 17(1): 6-10 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1212KB) ( )   PCR and Southern blot analysis indicated that mtlD gene had been integrated into the rice genome mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 (pBIM). mtlD gene segragated in T1 generation and pure transgenic lines appeared in T2 generation. The expression of the mtlD gene in transgenic plants was demonstrated by enzymatic activity assay. Under 0.75% NaCl stress, the relative electronic conductivity and membrane permeability were detected in T3 transgenic plants of 7 different lines. Results showed that the damage to membrane structure of the transgenic plant was lower than that of their controls. Some transgenic plant lines could grow normally under 1.0% NaCl stress whereas the controls could not grow and died after 2 weeks under the same environment. Through sexual hybridization, rice plants with mtlD gene and gutD gene were got, some of them could grow normally under the stress of 1.25% NaCl.

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Hybrid Sterility Inheritance and Mapping of Sterile Genes among Near-Isogenic Lines Derived from Interspecific Hybrid Between Cultivated Rice Species Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima TAO Da-yun ,XU Peng ,LI Jing ,YANG You-qiong ,ZHOU Jia-wu ,HU Feng-yi ,Monty P. JONES 2003, 17(1): 11-15 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (399KB) ( )   Three combinations of WAB56-104/WAB450-2∥WAB56-104, WAB56-104/WAB450-7∥WAB56-104, and WAB56-104/WAB450-8∥WAB56-104 were used to study inheritance of pollen and seed setting rate in Sanya, Hainan Province in the early season rice (March-July, 2001). WAB56-104 and CG14 were upland japonica rice (Oryza sativa) and O. glaberrima, respectively. WAB450-2, WAB450-7, and WAB450-8 were derived from interspecific BC2 cross WAB56-104/CG14∥WAB56-104///WAB56-104. Results indicated that semi sterility of pollen and spikelet could be explained by one locus sporo gametophytic interaction model. However, elimination of female gametes was incomplete. Gene mapping with SSR markers showed that sterile gene in WAB450-2 and WAB450-8 was located on short arm of chromosome 6, cosegregated with closely linked SSR markers RM190 and RM133 respectively, which was high possible allelic to S1 locus. But sterile gene in WAB450-7 was loosely linked to RM253, which indicated that the sterile gene locus in WAB450-7 might be different from that in WAB450-2 and WAB450-8.

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Genetic Effects for Appearance Quality Traits in Japonica Hybrid Rice under Different Environments LIN Jian-rong ,SHI Chun-hai ,WU Ming-guo 2003, 17(1): 16-20 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (179KB) ( )   By using genetic model including genotype×environment (GE) interaction effects for quality traits of endosperms in cereal crops, the genetic effects of appearance quality traits in japonica hybrid rice were analyzed. Results indicated that appearance quality traits were all significantly affected by GE interaction effects as well as the genetic main effects of seed, cytoplasm and maternal genes. Brown rice length (BRL), ratio of brown rice length to width (L/W) and ratio of brown rice length to thickness (L/T) were mainly controlled by the genetic main effects, but translucency (TR) was mainly affected by GE interaction effects. Most heritabilities of rice appearance quality traits were significant. The general heritability was the main parts for BRL, L/W, L/T and chalkiness, but the interaction heritability was more important for TR. The potential breeding values of parental lines for the improvement of quality were discussed in respect to predicted values of genetic effects.

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Japonica Discrimination of Indica-Compatible Japonica Lines in Rice DING Xiao-hua,CHEN Yue-jin,YANG Chang-shou,ZHANG Ze-min,LU Yong-gen,ZHANG Gui-quan 2003, 17(1): 21-24 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (764KB) ( )   The indica compatible japonica line (ICJL) is of a japonica character. The genetic diversity of 6 indica testers, 6 japonica testers and 10 candidate ICJLs were investigated by 100 microsatellite markers distributed randomly over 12 chromosomes. It indicated that there was obvious difference in the degree of indica japonica differentiation among the testers whose Dj values (japonica discrimination value) ranged from 0.12-0.87. All indica testers were found to show Dj values of below 0.25, while Dj values of all japonica testers over 0.75. The Dj value detected by DNA could be used for japonica discrimination of ICJLs. On basis of Dj value, the lines G2416-3, G2417-2-1, G3004-4 and G3005-4-2 belonged to japonicaclinous group, G2505-1 and G2605 belonged to japonica group.

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Varietal Type and Mineral Elements Content of Core Collection in Yunnan Rice ZENG Ya-wen ,LIU Jia-fu ,WANG Lu-xiang ,SHEN Shi-quan ,LI Zi-chao ,WANG Xiang-kun ,WEN Guo-song ,YANG Zhong-yi 2003, 17(1): 25-30 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (280KB) ( )   Eight elements contents of 653 brown rice samples in Yunnan which harvested from Xinping experiment farm under the same ecological condition were analysed by ICP AES method, eight elements contents from Yunnan rice were compared with the varietal classification traits. Results showed that the mineral elements content was closely related to low diversity and high yield, multi resistant breeding; The K,Mg,Ca,and Mn elements contents of high yield and resistant varieties were high, but the other elements (P,Fe,Zn and Cu) were low, which was associated with the heredity and physiology of mineral nutrients. There were the zonal distribution of mineral elements content from Yunnan rice, especially P, Fe, Zn and Cu related to the diversity center, paddy versus upland, waxy versus non waxy, glume hair versus nuda, rice color, rice taste, soft rice versus non soft rice, but it was not associated with indica and japonica. Results supported the ecological variety groups view of 5 grade taxonomic system "species, subspecies, ecological groups, ecological variety groups, varietal types".

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Effects of SRI Technique on Physiological Characteristics and Population Development in Rice WANG Shao-hua,CAO Wei-xing,JIANG Dong,DAI Ting-bo,ZHU Yan 2003, 17(1): 31-36 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (248KB) ( )   Rice physiological characteristics and population development under SRI (system of rice intensification) condition were studied by using japonica cultivar Wuxiangjing 9. Results showed that SRI significantly enhanced root activity, increased soluble sugar, non protein nitrogen, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in leaf, dry matter translocation percentage from vegetative organs to grains, and improved population quality remarkably. Rice yield, however, was limited by lower tiller number and panicle number of plant population. Under SRI condition, planting two seedlings per hill could increase tiller number of plant population, dry matter translocation percentage from vegetative organs to grains and improve population quality, which was in favor of yield increase. With increasing nitrogen rate,tiller number of plant population increased,whereas dry matter translocation percentage from vegetative organs to grains decreased, suggesting yield increase under SRI should not rely on the excess nitrogen rate.

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Root Physiological Characteristics of Super Japonica Hybrid Rice Liaoyou 3225 WANG Yan-rong ,HUA Ze-tian ,CHEN Wen-fu ,DAI Gui-jin ,WANG Yan ,HAO Xian-bin ,ZHANG Zhong-xu ,SU Yu-an 2003, 17(1): 37-41 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (230KB) ( )   Root morphological and physiological characteristics were studied at different growth stages by using japonica hybrid rice combination Liaoyou 3225 and its parents and traditional varieties as materials. Results indicated that the root of japonica hybrid rice was thicker and stronger, and had significant heterosis in root absorbing area, root vigor, the ability synthesizing amino acids and absorbing inorganic phosphorus etc., especially at early stage. The root of japonica hybrid rice senesced earlier and more quickly than traditional varieties due to its content of MDA increased more rapidly, though its SOD activity was stronger after heading stage.

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Association of Phytate Formation with Grain Filling in Rice WANG Ruo-zhong ,XIAO Lang-tao ,DING Jun-hui ,YAN Qin-quan 2003, 17(1): 42-46 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (207KB) ( )   The grain filling characteristics of six rice varieties (combinations) and the relationships between their relative biochemical composition during phytate formation and grain plumpness were studied. For rice varieties (combinations) ISHR1, ISHR2, R198 and JW21 with good grain plumpness, the two step filling in superior grains and inferior grains would not be clear. While for rice varieties (combinations) ISHR3 and 559 with poor grain plumpness, the two step filling in superior grains and inferior grains expressed very clearly. From booting stage to flowering stage, the contents of phytate and inositol in the varieties with good grain plumpness were obviously higher than those in the varieties with poor grain plumpness. While at grain filling stage, inorganic phosphorus content was obviously higher than that in the varieties with good grain plumpness. The contents of phytate and inositol from booting stage to flowering stage were very significantly correlated with the initial filling power (P0), average grain filling rate (RA) and inorganic grain filling percentage(GFP), and inorganic phosphorus content at grain-filling stage was significantly and negatively correlated with P0, RA and GFP. Furthermore, effective approaches to improve grain filling were put forward.

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Changes in Endopeptidase Activity in Rice Leaves During Photosynthetic Declination DENG Zhi-rui ,LU Wei ,ZHANG Rong-xian ,XU Xiao-ming 2003, 17(1): 47-51 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (291KB) ( )   Two japonica rices, Wuyujing 3 and 97.7 were used to study changes in contents of soluble protein, free amino acids and endopeptidase activity during photosynthetic declination. Results showed that the content of soluble protein in flag leaves of Wuyujing 3 was higher than that of 97.7, but decreased faster. Free amino acids in flag leaves and the thirteenth leaves of Wuyujing 3 started to increase 10 days before the turning point of photosynthetic declination (TPPD), while it occurred just 1-2 days before TPPD of 97.7. During reversible phase of photosynthetic declination, endopeptidase activity kept in low level and increased slightly only in the later part of this phase, then they increased sharply at irreversible phase and reached a very high level. For Wuyujing 3, the change in endopeptidase activity in the thirteenth leaf was parallel to that in flag leaf, but for 97.7, the sharp increase of endopeptidase activity came later than that of flag leaf. It implied that, compared with Wuyujing 3, the procedures of protein breakdown and transfer to transportable nitrogen in 97.7 leaves were slower during photosynthetic declination, and this may be one important reason for relatively low seed setting rate and the incomplete use of its high yielding potentiality.

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Effect of Low Potassium Stress on the Nutrient Uptake and Distribution of Two Rice Varieties with Different Potassium Sensitivity WANG Wei-mu,YANG Xiao-e,LI Hua,WEI You-zhang 2003, 17(1): 52-56 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (184KB) ( )   Results obtained from pot and field experiments showed that potassium deficiency stress restrained the growth of 81394, a variety sensitive to potassium deficiency, which had the genetic characteristics of high dry products and low potassium concentration. But different potassium application had little effect on the growing and potassium accumulation in Fujiandao, a variety tolerant to potassium deficiency. The K use efficiency (KUE) of Fujiandao was higher than that of 81394 under K deficiency condition at earlier growing stage, while it was just the opposite under potassium sufficient condition or at later growing stage. The K efficiency (KE) of Fujiandao was always higher than that of 81394. The nitrogen content and N/K were higher under K deficiency condition, which caused the nutrient unbalance in rice. Such appearance of 81394 was more distinct than that of Fujiandao. Potassium deficiency could also promote the sodium uptake and accumulation, especially in the root of Fujiandao, which meant sodium and potassium substitution in the root should be one of the mechanisms of high potassium deficiency tolerance.

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Effect of Low-Phosphorus Stress on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Protective Enzyme Activities in Rice Leaves of Different Cultivars PAN Xiao-hua,LIU Shui-ying,LI Feng,LI Mu-ying 2003, 17(1): 57-60 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (168KB) ( )   With sandy culture, effects of low phosphorus stress on membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme activities in rice seedlings of low phosphorus tolerant cultivars(Dalidao, Liantangzao 3) and low phosphorus sensitive cultivars(Huzhanqi, Xinsanbaili) were studied. Results indicated that low phosphorus stress aggravated the membrane lipid peroxidation in rice leaves, which was more severe in low phosphorus sensitive cultivars than that in low phosphorus tolerant cultivars. During the stress period, SOD, CAT, POD activity in low phosphorus tolerant cultivars maintained relatively stable, whereas those in low phosphorus sensitive cultivars increased obviously at early stage, then decreased rapidly, which might suggest that the activities of protective enzyme system had no significant relation with low phosphorus stress, but its trend did so.

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Effect of Zinc on Plant Growth and Zinc Partitioning in Rice Plant LI Zhi-gang,YE Zheng-qian,FANG Yun-ying,YANG Xiao-e 2003, 17(1): 61-66 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (208KB) ( )   Rice plants of three genotypes (Biyuzaonuo, 26715 and Zhenong 921) were treated with five zinc (Zn) levels (0.0-32.0 μmol/L ZnSO4) in solution culture to examine the effect of Zn supply on Zn content in grain and differential responses of rice plants to zinc supply. Results showed that supplied with 0.5 μmol/L Zn resulted in the largest root to shoot ratio, highest yield of biomass and rice grain regardless of genotype. Zinc partitioning into rice grain increased with the elevation of Zn supply. Zn content in grain was greatly different among various genotypes and was remarkably affected by Zn supply as well. Zn content in both grain hulls and milled rice increased with increasing solution of Zn supply. Zn content in milled rice was in the order of Biyuzaonuo> 26715> Zhenong 921, with maximum of 60, 45 and 35 mg/kg Zn at 32.0 μmol/L Zn applied, respectively. Zn partitioning between grain hull and milled rice varied with Zn supply, and it was also genotypically different in response to Zn supply. Zn content in milled rice was higher than that in grain hull at relatively lower Zn supply:≤2.0 μmol/L Zn for Zhenong 921, ≤8.0 μmol/L Zn for Biyuzaonuo and 26715. By contrast, at high Zn levels (32.0 μmol/L), more Zn was mainly partitioning into rice hull.

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Competition and Allelopathy of Rice with Barnyardgrass XU Zheng-hao ,YU Liu-qing ,ZHAO Ming ,ZHANG Xu ,FANG Hong-min ,WEI Xing-hua ,ZHENG Kang-le ,GUO Long-biao ,YE Yuan-lin 2003, 17(1): 67-72 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (195KB) ( )   One hundred and five rice germplasms from China and other countries, and six Brazilian upland rice materials were identified for allelopathy to barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus galli (L.) Beauv.] by using the relay seeding technique with slight modification. Results showed that Zhangkuang 7, P 4, Kogyoku, IR27316, Milyang 54 and Brazilian upland rice AJ035 had strong allelopathic effect to barnyardgrass. Pot experiment showed that Gumei 2 and Zhong 156 had greater inhibition effect to barnyardgrass compared with CK, on the contrary, allelopathic material TN1 had no significant inhibition effect to barnyardgrass compared to non allelopathic material Xiushui 63. Zhong 156, which had stronger inhibition effect, was related to its plant height, meanwhile, Gumei 2 with stronger inhibition effect to barnyardgrass was due to its own allelopathic trait. The degree of inhibition of barnyardgrass became greater as the increase of rice density. It seemed that the root growth inhibition of barnyardgrass was greater in allelopathic rice than that in non allelopathic rice. TN1 had little allelopathic effect to barnyardgrass collected in the field of China National Rice Research Institute(CNRRI), which might be due to its different inhibition effect to different ecological barnyardgrass. by using the relay seeding technique with slight modification. Results showed that Zhangkuang 7, P 4, Kogyoku, IR27316, Milyang 54 and Brazilian upland rice AJ035 had strong allelopathic effect to barnyardgrass. Pot experiment showed that Gumei 2 and Zhong 156 had greater inhibition effect to barnyardgrass compared with CK, on the contrary, allelopathic material TN1 had no significant inhibition effect to barnyardgrass compared to non allelopathic material Xiushui 63. Zhong 156, which had stronger inhibition effect, was related to its plant height, meanwhile, Gumei 2 with stronger inhibition effect to barnyardgrass was due to its own allelopathic trait. The degree of inhibition of barnyardgrass became greater as the increase of rice density. It seemed that the root growth inhibition of barnyardgrass was greater in allelopathic rice than that in non allelopathic rice. TN1 had little allelopathic effect to barnyardgrass collected in the field of China National Rice Research Institute(CNRRI), which might be due to its different inhibition effect to different ecological barnyardgrass.

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Electronic Monitoring Feeding and Oviposition Behavior of the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera SHEN Jun-hui ,LIU Guang-jie ,CHEN Ai-hui ,Kazushige SOGAWA 2003, 17(1): 73-76 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (160KB) ( )   Feeding and oviposition behavior of the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatalla furcifera, were electronically monitored on rice varieties of Chunjiang 06, Rathu Heenati (RHT) and Minghui 63. Honeydew amount, number of total eggs were also determined. Experimental results revealed that: among these three varieties, the frequency of exploratory probing of S. furcifera on RHT and Chunjiang 06 was much higher than that on Minghui 63, and the phloem ingestion duration was much shorter; Chunjiang 06 and Rathu Heenati showed strong feeding inhibition activity to S. furcifera, while Minghui 63 was susceptible; the number of total eggs, oviposition times, and average duration and total time of oviposition of S. furcifera were not significantly different on the three rice varieties, Chunjiang 06 showed ovicidal and feeding inhibition resistance, Rathu Heenati showed feeding inhibition resistance, Minghui 63 was a susceptible restorer line of hybrid rice.

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Effects of Initial Time of Rice Plant Availability on Reproduction, Feeding and Survival of Overwintered Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) SHANG Han-wu ,CHENG Jia-an ,JIANG Ming-xing ,ZHANG Zhi-tao 2003, 17(1): 77-81 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (175KB) ( )   Overwintered adults of rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, were reared previously with Festuca eluta Keng for 0, 10, 20, 30 and 45 days (periods before seedling availability) respectively, and then with rice seedlings till all adults died at 28±1℃ in the laboratory. Results showed that even a short period (10 days) before rice seedling availability could lead to a significant reduction in ovipositional periods, fecundity, feeding scar number and length on seedlings. The treatments ≥20 days resulted in significant declines in adult survival periods on rice seedlings. The longer periods the adults experienced before seedling availability, the more decrease occurred in their fecundity, feeding and survival. Relationships between periods before rice availability and occurrence of the first generation weevil in rice were discussed.

研究简报

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Development of a Low-Starch Viscosity Rice Mutant and Its Characteristics Analysis WU Dian-xing *,ZHAO Hong,SHEN Wei-qiao,HAN Juan-ying,XIA Ying-wu 2003, 17(1): 82-84 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (266KB) ( )   A low starch viscosity mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.), named as lsv-1, was induced from an early indica rice W8-1 with 300 Gy gamma rays irradiation. Starch quality of the mutant was comparatively characterized along with the original parent W8-1. Apparent amylose content, gel consistency, and alkali spreading value of the mutant lsv-1 were similar to the original parent W8-1. However, the major parameters of starch viscosity in the mutant lsv-1 starch, i.e. peak paste viscosity, cool paste viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity were significantly lower than those of W8-1. It also had a shorter peak time and higher paste temperature, compared to the original parent. The feature of the pasted rice flour and morphology of starch granules in the endosperm of mutant lsv-1 were different from the original parent.

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Ferritin Transgenic Rice Plants are Tolerant to Oxidative Stress and Magnaporthe grisea Infection CHENG Zhi-qiang ,GUO Ze-jian ,XU Xiao-hui ,CAI Rong-yao ,LI De-bao 2003, 17(1): 85-88 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1049KB) ( )   PCR analysis on 53 ferritin transgenic plants showed that 52 T1 transgenic plants existed a pea ferritin gene. Photosynthetic function of the transgenics with 60 μmol/L paraquat treatment was determined by measurement of maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm value) and chlorophyll content. Results indicated that transgenic plants exhibited a various degree of tolerance to oxidative stress. Accumulation of mRNA of Fer gene was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis. Results showed the accumulation of mRNA level was elevated in 5 of 9 plants determined. T2 progeny of transgenic plants showed resistance to Magnaporthe grisea comparing with the non transgenic plants. The average number of lesion in transgenic plants leaves inoculated with Magnaporthe grisea was decreased significantly. These results suggested the overexpression of Fer gene in rice enhanced its resistance to oxidative damage and Magnaporthe grisea infection.

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Preliminary Study on the Resistance of Mononuclear-Heteroplasmic CMS Lines of Rice to the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera LIU Guang-jie,ZHAN Xiao-deng,SHEN Jun-hui,CAO Li-yong,CHENG Shi-hua 2003, 17(1): 89-90 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (76KB) ( )   The resistant reaction of the mononuclear heteroplasmic CMS lines with different cytoplasms to the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera was studied preliminarily by means of honeydew measurement. Results revealed that the CMS line Guoguang 5A with the D type cytoplasm was resistant to S. furcifera remarkably.

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Relationship Between Essential Amino Acid Contents of Hybrid Rice Combinations and Their Parents ZHANG Xiao-ming ,SHI Chun-hai ,WU Jian-guo ,Katsura TOMITA ,BAO Gen-liang ,YE Sheng-hai 2003, 17(1): 91-94 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (183KB) ( )   Some differences among essential amino acids contents of nine sterile lines, five restorer lines and their hybridized combinations in indica rice were analyzed. Essential amino acids contents of sterile lines and restorer lines were 3.202%-4.889%, those were about 31.796%-33.394% of total amino acids, and essential amino acids contents of their hybrid were 3.616%-4.858%, those were about 32.176%-33.016% of total amino acids. The amount of essential amino acids were: leucine>valine>isoleucine>threonine, lysine and pheny lalanine>methionine. Total amount of amino acids and essential amino acids in hybrids were higher than those in their parents, but the differences were existed among hybrid combinations.