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10 March 2005, Volume 19 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
综述与专论
实验技术
研究简报


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研究报告

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Identification and Purity Test of Super Hybrid Rice with SSR Molecular Markers XIN Ye-yun ,ZHANG Zhan ,XIONG Yi-ping ,YUAN Long-ping 2005, 19(2): 95-100 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (234KB) ( )   Five super hybrid rice combinations and their parental lines were tested by means of SSR analysis. A total of 144 SSR primer pairs distributing on 12 rice chromosomes were used, 47 of them showed polymorphism. Among all these primers, RM337 and RM154 produced polymorphic patterns in four or more of the tested experimental materials respectively, and they could distinguish almost all the rice genotypes tested. Twenty four primer pairs, two on each rice chromosome, were selected to make a reference SSR marker based fingerprinting for the rice lines. For most of primer pairs, F1 hybrids mainly showed complementary pattern of both parents, which could be very useful to distinguish the F1 from its parental lines. In addition, five primer pairs were selected as special primer pairs for five hybrid rice combinations respectively. By combining the rapid, simple method on DNA extraction, it is suggested that SSR technique has wide prospective in variety authentication and purity identification.

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Inspect of Genetic Differentiation of Main Parents of japonica Hybrid Rice in the Northern China by Simple Sequence Repeats(SSR) QIU Fu-lin ,ZHUANG Jie-yun ,HUA Ze-tian ,WANG Yan-rong ,CHENG Shi-hua 2005, 19(2): 101-104 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (183KB) ( )   Genetic differentiation and indica component degree analysis were conducted on the main parents of japonica hybrid rice in the northern China by simple sequence repeats(SSR). The genomic DNAs of the main parents were amplified with 15 primers. Fifty two polymorphic markers were generated in all. Every primer offered 3.47 markers on average. The molecular phylogenetic tree by UPMGA method showed that main parents were divided into five groups at genetic similarity coefficient 0 69. The parents between groups have great genetic differentiation relatively. The extent of indica component value was from 0 12 to 0.48 in the parents.

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Isolation of Total RNA from Rice Endosperm and Expression of Important Genes Related to Grain Quality in Rice (Oryza sativa) ZHANG Hai-yan ,DONG Hai-tao ,YAO Hai-gen ,XIANG Yue-wu ,TAN Xue-lin ,FANG Yong-qi ,Deng Ye ,JIN Qing-chao ,Cabezas DANIEL ,JIANG Yu-xin ,DAI Cheng-en ,YAN Wen-zhao ,LI De-bao 2005, 19(2): 105-110 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (260KB) ( )   A simple method was advanced to wipe starch off RNA and obtain purer total RNA.This method was successfully applied in Northern blot and RNA array experiments to study the expression of starch branching enzyme gene (Rbe1) and Wx gene, which were important for starch synthesis. And the results indicate that on the whole, the expression of Wx gene was linear with amylose content of rice endosperm, and there were two Rbe1 homogenes in rice endosperm, the longer expressed only in endosperm and the shorter in all tissues.

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Disease Resistance and Cytological Analyses on Lesion Resembling Disease Mutant lrd40 in Oryza sativa WANG Jian-jun ,ZHU Xu-dong ,WANG Lin-you ,ZHANG Li-hua ,XUE Qing-zhong ,HE Zu-hua 2005, 19(2): 111-116 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (251KB) ( )   Lesion resembling disease mutant lrd40, obtained from gamma ray mutagenesis of a japonica rice variety Zhonghua 11, expressed whole life lesion mimic in different environments. Genetic analysis showed that this mutant is controlled by a single recessive locus nonallelic to the loci of lrd38, lrd39 and lrd42. Repeated inoculation with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) showed that lrd40 conferred non race specific resistance to Xoo, and resistance to Xoo was associated with the lesion expression of lrd40 in the F2 generations tested, indicating that disease resistance is controlled by the lrd40 locus. Trypan blue and DAB staining methods were used to detect programmed like cell death and deposition of H2O2 during lesion development, all these observations resemble the early events of plant defense responses, including cell death and oxidative burst during the hypersensitive response.

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Mapping QTLs for Heat Tolerance During Grain Filling in Rice ZHU Chang-Lan ,XIAO Ying-hui ,WANG Chun-ming ,JIANG Ling ,ZHAI Hu-qu ,WAN Jian-min 2005, 19(2): 117-121 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (166KB) ( )   A mapping population of 98 backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a backcross of Nipponbare/ Kasalath ∥Nipponbare, was treated with high and optimum temperature during grain filling, respectively. The grain weight heat sensitivity index [GWHSI= (grain weight under optimum temperature-grain weight under high temperature)/grain weight under optimum temperature×100] was used to evaluate the tolerance of rice to heat stress. A total of three QTLs conferring heat tolerance during grain filling were detected on chromosomes 1, 4 and 7, with LOD scores 8.16, 11.08 and 12.86, and explained 8.94%, 17.25% and 13.50% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Of these, the QTL located in the C1100-R1783 region on chromosome 4 showed no QTL×environment interactions and epistatic effects, suggesting it could stably express in different environments and genetic background, and would be valuable in rice breeding for heat tolerance. The Kasalath allele of this QTL reduced 3.31% of the grain weight loss under heat stress. The other two QTLs, with additive effects 2.38% and 2.92%, were located in the regions of R1613-C970 on chromosome 1 and C1226-R1440 on chromosome 7, respectively. The tolerance alleles of both these QTLs were from Nipponbare. Both of these QTLs had significant environmental interactions, and the QTL on chromosome 7 was involved in epistatic interaction. Eight pairs of epistatic effect QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 12, respectively.

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QTL Analysis on Cold Tolerance During Early Growth Period in Rice HAN Long-zhi ,QIAO Yong-li ,CAO Gui-lan ,ZHANG Yuan-yuan ,An Yong-ping ,YE Jong-doo ,KOH Hee-jong 2005, 19(2): 122-126 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (159KB) ( )   The quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cold tolerance during early growth period in rice were identified by using F 2:3 population including 200 individuals and lines derived from a cross of indica and japonica rice ‘Milyang 23/Jileng 1’ with microsatellite markers.The evaluations of cold tolerance at the seedling stage, cold tolerance at the tillering stage, and the growth ability of seedling under low temperature were conducted. All traits above associated with cold tolerance at early gowth stage appeared a continuous distribution near to normal in F 3 lines, these traits were quantitative traits controlled by multi genes. Three QTL on chromosomes 1, 5 and 9, which associated with cold tolerance at the seedling stage were detected, among them, qCTS1 accounted 15.5% of observed phenotypic variation; Five QTL on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 9 and 11, which associated with cold tolerance at the tillering stage were found, all of these QTL explained low ratio of observed phenotypic variation; Four QTL on chromosomes 1, 2, 11 and 12, which associated with the growth ability of seedling under low temperature were detected, among them, qGAS2 and qGAS12 explained 26.6% and 42.9% of observed phenotypic variation, respectively, suggesting they were major genes.

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Relationship Between Morphological and Quality Traits and Mineral Element Content in Yunnan Rice ZENG Ya-wen ,SHEN Shi-quan ,WANG Lu-xiang ,LIU Jia-fu ,PU Xiaoy-ing ,DU Juan 2005, 19(2): 127-131 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (165KB) ( )   The relationship between 4 quality, 24 morphological traits and 8 element contents of 653 accessions from Yunnan rice were analyzed. P, K, Ca and Mg contents of the core collection were closely related to most of morphological and quality traits, and there existed high correlation coefficients among some traits including P content and stem tillers number (-0.2043 ** ), K and amylose contents (-0.2043 ** ), Ca content and plant height (-0.4151 ** ), Mg and protein contents (0.2570 ** ).Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe contents of the core collection were closely related to a few traits, such as Fe content and gel consistency (-0.1121 ** ), Zn content and seed setting rate (-0.1411 ** ), Cu content and number of grains per panicle (-0.1398 ** ), Mn content and plant height (-0.2492 ** ).

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Photosynthetic Rate and Water Use Efficiency of Leaves at Different Positions During Panicle Initiation Stage Under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) LIN Xian-qing ,ZHOU Wei-jun ,ZHU De-feng ,ZHANG Yu-ping ,YANG Guo-hua 2005, 19(2): 132-136 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (183KB) ( )   The super hybrid rice combinations, Liangyoupeijiu, Ⅱyou 7954 and Guodao 1 were used as experimental materials under different transplanting densities, to study the photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of leaves at different positions during panicle initiation stage under the system of rice intensification. When the transplanting density was decreased from 1.95×105 to 0.75×105 hills/ha under the SRI, the leaf area index remained constant, and the light transmittance of canopy,the photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of the 9th to 13th leaves increased, while the transpiration rate of the leaf, and the identical degree of heading decreased. Higher photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were observed in the 9th and 10th leaves under low transplanting density. In the SRI experiments, the highest grain yield was attained at the transplanting density of 1.65×105 hills/ha.

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Quantitative Study on Canopy Spectral Reflectance and Physical Structure of Leaf at Different Layers TIAN Yong-chao ,ZHU Yan ,CAO Wei-xing 2005, 19(2): 137-141 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (174KB) ( )   The quantitative characteristics of canopy reflectance spectra and canopy growth parameters (leaf area index, fresh weight and dry weight of leaf) in rice under different soil water and nitrogen levels were analyzed. The correlation coefficients between reflectance spectra and leaf area, leaf fresh weight and dry weight of the first (L1), second (L2), third (L3), fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) leaf, L1-L2 (L12), L1-L3 (L123), L1-L4 (L1234) and L1-L5 (L12345) from the top were: L12345>L1234>L123>L12>L2>L1>L3>L4>L5, and the two leaves from the top contributed the most to canopy reflectance spectra. After elongation leaf area index was linearly related to ratio index R(760,710), and aboveground fresh and dry weight showed significant relations with ratio index R(1650,1100) in rice. The results indicated that the ratio index R(760,710) and R(1650,1100) could be good indicators of leaf area index and aboveground fresh and dry weight in rice.

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Effect of Drought Stress on the Yield and Eating Quality in Association with Drought Stress Resistance Coefficient ZHENG Gui-ping ,GUO Xiao-hong ,CHEN Shu-qiang ,WANG Bo-lun 2005, 19(2): 142-146 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (175KB) ( )   Controlling water treatments (CWT) for the two rice varieties(Shangyu 397 and Suijing 3) at -30 to -35 kPa and -60 to -65 kPa of soil water potential were carried out during tillering stage, panicle initiation stage, 1-10 days after heading, 11-20 days after heading, 21-30 days after heading, 1-30 days after heading, respectively. The order of drought stress resistance coefficient (Ratio of trait value under treatment and check, DSRC) in grain yield was treated during 1-10 days after heading> treated during tillering stage>treated during panicle initiation stage. DSRCs of different treatments at other stages were similar. DSRCs of eating quality in treatment at panicle initiation stage for both varieties were the smallest and those of others had little difference. It was found that water sensitive period to yield and eating quality was at panicle initiation stage. DSRCs of eating quality at most of the stages were bigger than those of yield, especially for the treatments before heading stage and during 1-10 days after heading, suggesting that the effect of CWT on yield was larger than that on eating quality. Therefore, it should be paid more attention to yield in water saving cultivation.

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Effect of Localized Nitrogen Supply on Root Morphology in Rice and Its Mechanism SHI Zheng-jun ,FAN Xiao-lin ,D KLAUS ,B SATTEMACHER 2005, 19(2): 147-152 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (211KB) ( )   Sandy culture was conducted to investigate the effect of localized nitrogen supply on rice root, such as root tips, root length, root surface area and allocation of carbon and nitrogen in rice for studying the adaptation of rice to nitrogen supply. Localized nitrogen supply had a significant effect on rice root morphology, plant biomass as well as partition of carbon and nitrogen in plant. Lateral root length, root surface area, root volume and root biomass were induced in section supplied nitrogen fertilizer, whereas root diameter decreased by localized supply of nitrogen no matter how much nitrogen used. The content of carbohydrate in nitrogen supplied section is higher than that in nitrogen deprived section. With the increase of nitrogen supply, the content of carbohydrate decreased. The possible mechanism which supplying nitrate to partial roots could induce the growth of rice root on the nitrogen supplied section is that nitrogen may induce transport and allocation of carbohydrate from shoots to roots on the section supplied nitrate nitrogen.

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Spatial Variance Characteristics of Paddy Soil Nutrients in Alluvial Plain JIANG Li-na ,FU Jian-rong ,FAN Hao-ding 2005, 19(2): 153-159 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (248KB) ( )   Spatial variations of ten kinds of soil nutrients and soil pH value were studied at Dushu nutrient monitoring village in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, which was located on alluvial plain, and the characteristics of spatial variance were obtained from geostatistic analysis on soil nutrients. Relationship of soil nutrients between semivariance and distance of sampling points were well described by spherical isotropic model and exponential isotropic model. For the nutrients, there existed middle spatial correlation in soil N, P, K, Mn and Fe contents, while that in soil Ca, Mg, S, Cu and Zn contents was high. The nutrients Ca, Mg, K and Cu appeared some zonal anisotropy. From the test of cross validation (Kriging) under different sampling distance, maximal sampling distance of square sampling method could be determined by effective range of soil nutrients.

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Construction of Genetic Linkage Map and Location of Avirulence Genes from Cross CH63 and TH16 of Magnaporthe grisea WANG Yan-li ,Claudia KAYE ,Amandine BORDAT ,Henri ADREIT ,Jo(e)lle MILLAZZO ,ZHENG Xiao-bo ,SHEN Ying ,Didier THARREAU 2005, 19(2): 160-166 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (288KB) ( )   A framework genetic map of Magnaporthe grisea has been constructed using F 1 progeny derived from the cross between M. grisea isolates CH63 and TH16. A genetic map was constructed with 151 markers, which included 126 SSR, 9 SCAR, 1 RAPD markers assigned to seven linkage groups with a total map length of 1038.4 cM. The avirulence genes Avr2 K59, Avr C105TTP1, Avr Zh156, Avr Xuan1641, Avr Xuan6392 and Avr C103TTP were located on this genetic linkage map. Avr2 K59 and Avr C103TTP were located on chromosome 1, Avr C105TTP1 on chromosome 4 and the others on chromosome 7.

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Frequency and Distribution of Microsatellites in Open Reading Frame of Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe grisea LI Cheng-yun ,LI Jin-bin ,ZHOU Xiao-Gang ,ZHANG Shao-song ,DONG Ai-rong ,XU Ming-hui 2005, 19(2): 167-173 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (200KB) ( )   Abundance and distribution of microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR) with repeated unit lengths of 1-6 base pairs in protein coding region of whole genome in rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea was examined. The result showed that 3 240 SSRs (longer than 15 bp, 80% matches) were found within 2 387 genes. Among 4 732 annotated genes up to now, SSRs were found in 861 genes. Tri and hexa nucleotide repeats prevailed in protein coding exons of the genome, whereas, mono , di , tetra and penta nucleotide repeats were rare. The genes in which SSRs were most frequently found related to cellular regulation, and their position in genes varied among genes. SSRs were rarely conserved between genes with related sequences, suggesting high instability or a recent origin. The preferred location of SSR within the open reading frames of genes related to cellular regulation(transcription, signaling transduction) together with their instability suggested that SSR could have an important role in speciation. The instability of SSR distribution within protein coding regions suggested that analysis of polymorphism and functional role of these SSRs could benefit the functional genomics of M. grisea.

综述与专论

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Significance and Prospects of Breeding for Root System in Rice(Oryza sativa) WU Wei-ming ,CHENG Shi-hua 2005, 19(2): 174-180 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (274KB) ( )   In the practices of rice breeding, emphasis has been given to improve morphological and physiological characteristics of above ground parts, whereas little to root. The significance and prospects of breeding for rice root were discussed.

实验技术

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Detection of Plasmid pCAMBIA 1301 by DNAchip GAO Xiu-li ,YANG Jian-Bo ,JING Feng-Xiang ,ZHAO Jian-long 2005, 19(2): 181-186 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (283KB) ( )   DNAchip was used to detect plasmid pCAMBIA 1301 in transgenic rice. To be different to biochip based on hybridization, minisequencing biochip was used to detect report gene hptⅡ, aadA, Gus and promoter CaMV 35S in plasmid pCAMBIA 1301. The minisequencing biochip depends on both hybridization and DNA polymerase to detect sample. Asymmetric PCR was better than normal PCR in sample preparation.

研究简报

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Effects of Tissue Culture with Different Explants and Their Relationship in Rice WANG Xiu-hong ,SHI Xiang-yuan ,WU Xian-jun 2005, 19(2): 187-189 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (108KB) ( )   Different explants (anther, young panicle, young embryo and mature embryo) of 23 rice genotypes were used for callus induction and green plantlet differentiation by tissue culture. There existed difference in tissue culture effect with four different explants in genotypes, and significant difference among different explants.Significant positive correlations were found in callus induction frequencies between anther and young panicle and mature embryo, as well as young panicle and young embryo. No correlationships were found among green plantlet differentiation frequencies of different explants, and between callus induction frequency and green plantlet differentiation frequency.

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Notes on the Morphology of the Rice Water Weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus ZHANG Zhi-Tao ,SHANG Han-wu ,FU Qiang ,LAI Feng-xiang 2005, 19(2): 190-192 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (217KB) ( )   According to the investigation, the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, falls into semi aquatic species. The larvae and pupae are parasites on rice roots. They have hydrophobic exocuticle and a well developed tracheal system, surrounded by air bubbles in mud, therefore they can secure an adequate supply of oxygen directly from the air bubbles. There are six pairs of modified spiracles on each abdominal segment from the 2nd to the 7th inclusive. The modified spiracles are shaped as a hook curved forward and partially retractile, which is the most striking characteristic of the larvae of the rice water weevil. Pupal stage of the rice water weevil is passed in a water tight, inflated cocoon. The cocoons are always found attached to rice roots.

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Introduction to International Rice Information System and Its Application WANG Lei ,E Zhi-guo ,YU Han-yong ,TANG Sheng-xiang ,Graham C.McLAREN ,Graham C.McLAREN 2005, 19(2): 193-194 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (91KB) ( )   International Rice Information System (IRIS) is the rice implementation of the International Crop Information System (ICIS) which is a database system that provides integrated management of global information on genetic resources and crop cultivars. It includes germplasm pedigrees, field evaluations, genetic (QTL) maps, structural and functional genomic data and environmental (GIS) data. IRIS has been designed to be able to handle multi language information, and more than 3000 Chinese varieties with Chinese name and other related information have been stored in the central database. Users can access information in the database through stand alone programs or WWW interfaces offering specialist views to researchers with different interests.