Loading...

Archive

    For Selected: Toggle Thumbnails
    综述与专论
    Development Strategy of Rice Science and Technology in China
    CHENG Shi-hua*,HU Pei-song
    2008, 22(3): 223-226 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (27KB) ( )  
    The characterization of modern science and technology in rice, international development trend of rice industry, and the future demands for rice due to the rapid development of national economy and society were analyzed. The history and achievements were reviewed on construction of China’s innovation system in rice science and technology. Based on the development trend in modern rice science and technology and the requirements from the rice industry, the future development strategy and key projects of rice science and technology in China were suggested.
    研究报告
    Functional Analysis of a Phosphate Transporter from Rice in a Heterologous Expression System
    GUO Qiang,SUN Shu-bin,YU Ling,XU Guo-hua*
    2008, 22(3): 227-233 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1896KB) ( )  

    For a better understanding of the molecular and biochemical processes involved in orthophosphate(Pi) uptake,a phosphate transporter cDNA(OsPT6) from rice was expressed in yeast and HEK293 cell expression systems.The gene OsPT6 codes a protein that belongs to Pht1 family of phosphate transporters with 12 putative transmembrane domains.The yeast mutant complementation analysis suggested that the transporter(OsPT6) was functional Pi transporter in yeast cells mediating Pi uptake at micromolar concentrations.When expressed in a Pi-uptake deficient yeast mutant,the phosphate transporter(OsPT6) protein exhibited an apparent Km of 96 μmol/L and mediated the highest Pi uptake at pH 6.0.The pH experiment suggested that the activity of OsPT6 was dependent on the electrochemical membrane potential mediated by the yeast P-type H+-ATPase.When expressed in HEK293 cells by either OsPT6∶YFP or OsPT6∶CFP proteins,both the YFP and CFP fluorescence were observed at the plasma membrane.This work demonstrated that OsPT6 had a similar function as PHO84 which is a phosphate transporter in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and OsPT6 played an important role in Pi acquisition.

    Analysis of Protein Expression Profiling in Rice Disease Resistance Gene-Mediated Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
    ZENG Ya,DING Xin-hua,SHEN Xiang-ling,LI Xiang-hua,WANG Shi-ping*
    2008, 22(3): 234-242 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1458KB) ( )  
    The protein expression profile during rice-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) interaction by using a two dimensional eleccrophoresis-mass spectrometry strategy was analyzed. Proteins were extracted from rice leaves at 1, 4 , 8, 48, and 72 hours after Xoo inoculation. Seventy two differentially expressed protein spots were identified by comparing the expression profiles of proteins from Xoo and mock-inoculated plants revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Further analysis using electrospray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry revealed the propercy of 11 of the 72 differentially expressed proteins. These results provide basis for further studying the molecular mechanism of rice disease resistance.
    Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Calmodulin-Binding Protein Gene from Rice
    WAN Jia,KUANG Hao-chi,XIE Bi-wu,CHEN Jing,ZHANG Qi,XU Yong-ju,GAO Xiao-ling,XU Zhen-jun*
    2008, 22(3): 243-248 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2350KB) ( )  
    By using fluorescence differential display and RT-PCR methods, a new member of the calmodulin-binding proteins family of rice was isolated and termed as OsCaMBP.The full length cDNA was 2094 bp and encoded a polypeptide containing 569 amino acid residues (63.2 kD). Amino acid sequence of the deduced protein revealed the existence of IQ calmodulin-binding motif at the N-terminus. Similarity analysis indicated that rice OsCaMBP has 38.25%-47.28% identities with CaMBPs in other plants. Expression of the OsCaMBP gene was greatly increased in leaves, roots and leaf sheaths after the heat shock treatment at 42℃ for 15min, 30min, 1h and 2h. Furthermore, the gene expression accumulation was enhanced in response to chilling stress.
    SSR Analysis on Diversity of AA Genome Oryza Species in the Southeast and the South Asia
    LU Jian-zhen,ZHANG Xiao-li,WANG Hai-gang,YUAN Xiao-ping,XU Qun,WANG Yi-ping,YU Han-yong,WEI Xing-hua*
    2008, 22(3): 249-254 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (648KB) ( )  
    Genetic diversity among the AA genome Oryza species in the Southeast and the South Asia were investigated. A total of 428 accessions of the AA genome rice species were genotyped by using 36 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers, which were distributed throughout the rice genome. All of the 36 SSR markers generated polymorphic bands, revealing 100% polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 17 with the mean number of 8.6 alleles. The Nei’s genetic diversity index (He) ranged from 0.337 at RM455 to 0.865 at RM169 with an average value of 0.650. The genetic diversity of the AA genome Oryza species in the Southeast Asia was obviously higher than that in the South Asia, in which the He of O. rufipogon was the highest. Higher genetic differentiation (Fst) was detected among the AA genome Oryza species in the Southeast Asia than that in the South Asia. The Fst between O. nivara and O. Sativa was the highest. The results from the number of specific alleles, specific loci, and allele frequency confirmed the greater geretic variation among the species, besides number of specilic alleles, specific loci, and alleles frequency confirmed the greater genetic variation among the species, besides some specific alleles (Rm161) gave higher frequency (0.193), suggesting its important function in identifying the AA genome Oryza species.
    QTLs Mapping and Epistasis Analysis for Grain Shape and Chalkiness Degree of Rice
    LEI Dong-yang,XIE Fang-ming,XU Jian-long,CHEN Li-yong*
    2008, 22(3): 255-260 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2884KB) ( )  
    A total of 181 recombinant inbred lines derived from an inter-subspecific cross of Lemont (japonica)/Teqing (indica) and its genetic map were used to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling rice quality traits such as grain length (GL),grain width (GW), grain length to width ratio (LWR) and chalkiness degree (CD) by a mixed model approach (QTLMapper V1.0). A total of seven QTLs with significant additive effects and 19 pairs of QTLs showing significant additive × additive epistatic effects covering all twelve rice chromosomes were identified, Seven main effect QTLs were detected for GL, GW, LWR and CD, and the percentages of phenotypic variance explained were 12.8%, 40.0%, 26.0% and 42. 1%, respectively. Six, six and seven pairs of epistatic loci were associated with GL, LWR and CD, and the percentages of phenotypic variance explained were 52.2%, 31.1% and 38.2%, respectively. The results indicated that the epistatic effects played an important role on the inheritance about grain shape and chalkiness degree in rice.
    Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Induced by Ammonium Nitrogen in Rice Using mRNA Differential Display
    ZHU Guo-hui*,HUANG Zhuo-lie
    2008, 22(3): 261-265 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (992KB) ( )  
    Fertility and Development Charateristics of Embryo Sac in F-1 Hybrids between Oryza sativa Subsp. japonica and Oryza rufipogon Indigenous to Gaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
    LIAN Zi-xian,WEI Chang-min,LU Yong-gen,ZHAO Xing-juan,FU Xue-lin,LI Jin-quan,YANG Bing-yao,LIU Xiang-dong*
    2008, 22(3): 266-272 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (633KB) ( )  
    The fertility, formation and development of mature embryo sacs in the hybrids between Oryza sativa subsp. japonica cv. Taichung 65 and Oryza rufipogon indigenous to Gaozhou, Guangdong Province, China were studied by the whole-mount eosin B staining confocal laser scanning microscopy (WE-CLSM). The results showed that the average embryo sac fertility was 64.61%, ranging from 20.00% to 97.00%. The abnormal embryo sac types consisted of the following categories: embryo sac degeneration, abnormal small embryo sac, embryo sac without female germ unit, embryo sac without egg apparatus, embryo sac with abnormal polar nuclei number or with polar nuclei located on an abnormal position and other abnormal types. The frequency of embryo sac without female germ unit (10.49%) was the highest among various abnormal types, followed by embryo sac degeneration (9.80%). The embryo sac formation and development of the F1 hybrids was identical with that of the O. satiza, which conforms to the polygonum type. Some abnormalities were observed during embryo sac development in F1 hybrids with low embryo sac fertility, The embryo sac of three hybrids were observed at 1 day after pollination (DAP) By WE-CLSM, it was found that some embryo sacs with normal structure were unfertilized and some abnormal embryo sacs were also unfertilized. The embryo sacs of three hybrids at 7 DAP were similar to those at 1 DAP.
    Division of Free Nuclei in Rice Endosperm and Its Influencing Factors
    LIU Man-xi,WANG Zhong*,WU Xiao-mei,CHEN Yi-fang,GU Yun-jie
    2008, 22(3): 273-278 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4401KB) ( )  
    In order to explore the division process of endosperm and its influencing factors, the division ways of free nuclei and cytological characters of endosperm in rice were studied with light and transmission electron microscopes by the methods of total dissection, resin embedding, sectioning. The division ways of free nuclei in rice endosperm differed, including mitosis, amitosis, and the way that the daughter nuclei from mitosis went into amitosis without interphase. The division velocity of free nuclei in endosperm of rice varied with the internucleus distance. The velocity was faster when these free nuclei were separated from each other than when they were closed. Proper high temperatures could enhance the proliferation and also shorten the division cycle of free nuclei in endosperm, To a certain extent, the nitrogen fertilizer applied at the booting stage and proper drought treatment could accelerate the division of free nuclei.
    Cellular Biological Characteristics of Chloroplast of Flag Leaves in Super Hybrid Rice Liangyoupeijiu during Senescence
    LEI Hua,CHEN Guo-xiang*,GAO Zhi-ping,WEI Xiao-dong,XU Yan-li,CHU Hui-jun,SHI Da-wei,LU Chuan-gen
    2008, 22(3): 279-284 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2514KB) ( )  

    To study the cellular biological changes of chloroplasts of flag leaves in super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu during senescence,the ultra-structure,photosynthetic characters and antioxidant system of chloroplasts were investigated.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves was decreased gradually during senescence,the chlorophyll content in flag leaves was decreased obviously at the end of senescence,the oxygen consuming activity of PSⅠ and the oxygen evolution activity of PSⅡ were both increased slightly at first and then decreased gradually.Compared with the oxygen evolution activity of PSⅡ,the changes in the oxygen consuming activity of PSⅠ of chloroplasts during senescence were decreased more slowly.The activities of Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase were obviously decreased first and then increased quickly and decreased remarkably in late period of senescence.Superoxide dismutase played an important role in reducing the damage of active oxygen on the membrane system of chloroplasts in the earlier senescence of flag leaves,while glutathione played an indispensable role in late period,but the function of ascorbic acid wasn’t obvious.The changes of photosynthetic characters were consistent with the ultra-structure changes of chloroplasts.

    Agronomic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Regeneration Plants from Somatic Cell Fusion between Oryza sativa and Pennisetum squamulatum

    TAO Long-xing*,ZHANG Xue-qin,SHEN Bo,YAN Qiu-sheng,TAN Hui-juan,FU Guan-fu
    2008, 22(3): 285-289 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (652KB) ( )  

    Photosynthetic and agronomic characteristics of regeneration plants derived from somatic cell fusion between a japonica rice variety 8411(Oryza sativa L.,C3 plant) and Pennisetum squamulatum Fresen(C4 plant) were studied during 2005 and 2006.Compared with the japonica rice 8411,the regeneration plants showed a longer growth duration,shorter plant height,smaller panicle,lower seed setting rate and higher grain weight.The photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency of the regeneration plants were between those of rice 8411 and P.squamulatum,and the leaf photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than that of rice 8411.Compared with rice 8411,the regeneration plants showed higher photosynthetic rates under lower light intensity and higher light saturation point.Chlorophyll fluorescence data(Fm,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll contents of the regeneration plants showed higher heterosis than their parents.All those indicated that there may be C4 photosystem functioned in the regeneration plants.

    Variation and Correlation Analysis of Mineral Element Contents in Brown Rice of F3 Lines from japonica Combination
    SUN Ming-mao ,YANG Chang-ihn ,LEE Jeom-ho ,CHOI Im-soo ,CAO Gui-lan ,LEE Kyu-seong ,KIM Hong-yeol ,YU Yuan-jie ,LEE Young-tae ,HAN Long-zhi*
    2008, 22(3): 290-296 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1259KB) ( )  

    The variation and relationships among Fe,Se,Zn,Cu,Mn,Ca,Mg,K,Na and P in brown rice of 196 F3 lines,which derived from a cross between japonica rice varieties,Longjin 1 and Xiangruanmi 1578,were analysed.The results showed that there were high variation among these mineral element contents in brown rice for F3 lines.The variation coefficient of Na content was the highest(77.69%),whereas that of Zn content was the lowest(12.04%).The variation coefficient values in brown rice were as follows: Na>Se>Cu>Fe>Mg>Mn>Ca>P>K>Zn.The various mineral element contents were also obviously different,their mean values in brown rice for F3 lines were as follows: P>K>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Na>Cu>Se.Moreover,these mineral element contents all followed the normal distribution,indicating they were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.Zn was significantly positive correlative with Fe and Cu at 0.01 or 0.05 levels,so were Mn with Mg,Ca,K and P;Ca with Mg,K,Na and P;Mg with K and P;P with K and Na.However,the contents of Fe and Se,Mn and Na,Mg and Na displayed significantly negative correlation at 0.01 or 0.05 levels.Furthermore,Mn,Ca,Mg,K and P correlated much more closely with other mineral element contents than Fe,Se,Cu and Zn did.

    Rice-Cultivated Area Extraction Based on Tasseled Cap Transformed Thematic Mapper (TM) Images

    WANG Fu-min,HUANG Jing-feng*,WANG Xiu-zhen
    2008, 22(3): 297-301 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (35KB) ( )  
    Rice cultivated area extraction is the premise of rice growth status monitoring and production estimation by remote sensing.One of the problems is the misclassification between rice and other green vegetations.In this study,two thematic mapper(TM) images from early and late developmental stages were converted into brightness,greenness,and wetness variables using the tasseled cap transformation.And then these variables,which are associated with the important physical parameters of the land surface,were composed as multitemporal image and were fully applied to extract rice-cultivated area.The classified map was compared with the data from GPS in less than 1 meter resolution for classification validation.The results indicated that the method based on the tasseled cap transformation can extract the rice-cultivated area with relative high precision.The producers′ accuracy and users′ accuracy were 84.30% and 85.18% for rice,respectively,which were increased by about 3 percent point compared with the classified original images.The overall accuracy was also increased from 74.12% for the classified original image to 78.04% for the classified tasseled cap transformed image.
    Identification of the Causal Organism of Bacterial Brown Stripe from Rice Seedlings
    XU Li-hui,QIU Wen,ZHANG Wei-yi,LI Bin,XIE Guan-lin*
    2008, 22(3): 302-306 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (987KB) ( )  

    For elucidating the brown stripe pathogen of rice and differentiating it from watermelon blotch bacterium,four out of six bacterial strains isolated from the diseased rice seedlings were compared with three standard reference strains of Acidovorax avenae subsp.avenae and two standard reference strains of A.avenae subsp.citrulli by the bacteriological tests,colony morphology,pathogenicity,Biolog,FAME analysis,electromicroscope observation and nested-PCR.It has confirmed that A.avenae subsp.avenae is the causal agent of bacterial brown stripe of rice.The results also showed that FAME analysis misidentified some strains of A.avenae subsp.avenae as A.avenae subsp.citrulli whereas Biolog and the nested-PCR were the best way for distinguishing the two bacterial pathogens.

    Efficacy and Safety of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Bipolaris coicis for the Control of Echinochloa crus-galli in Paddy Field
    GENG Rui-mei,FU Yang,ZHANG Wen-ming,ZHANG Jian-ping,YU Liu-qing*
    2008, 22(3): 307-312 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1336KB) ( )  
    Isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana and B.coicis from diseased barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli) plants in Kunming,Yunnan Province were evaluated for their potentials against barnyardgrass as biocontrol agent.The results of bioassay showed that the 5-day culture filtrates of the two strains had high inhibitory activity to the growth of barnyardgrass,with the inhibitory rates of 99.59% and 95.78% on roots,91.14% and 82.13% on buds,respectively.And the barnyardgrass treated with mycelium suspension of the two strains showed 100% disease incidence in the laboratory experiment.In greenhouse,the barnyardgrass plants showed the defoliating of leaves,the wilting of shoots and the death of plants after 7 days treatment by the mycelium suspension from the two strains,and the mortality rate added up to 82.67% for B.sorokiniana and 80.00% for B.coicis respectively at 21 days after treatment.In addition,the crop safety test showed that B.sorokinina was safer to major crops than B.soicis and had a better application prospect as bio-agent.
    Laboratory Screening of Alternative Insecticides for Highly Toxic Insecticides Against the Striped Stem Borer (Chilo suppressalis) on Rice
    HE Yue-ping,SHAO Zhen-run,CHEN Wen-ming,LIANG Gui-mei,LI Yong-ping,ZHOU Wei-jun,SHEN Jin-liang*
    2008, 22(3): 313-320 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (58KB) ( )  
    To provide alternative insecticides for rice insect control,the toxicities against the striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis of 32 insecticides fallen into seven different classes were evaluated by the topical application method in 2005.Efficacy data showed that seven novel insecticides(abamectin,emamectin bezoate,fipronil,tebufenozide,furan tebufenozide,hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron) and a few organophosphates(such as phoxim,chlorpyrifos,quinaphos and pyridaphenthion) were potential alternatives for highly toxic pesticides in field trials.In addition,the susceptibilities of four field populations of C.suppressalis to 10 pyrethroids were estimated in laboratory in 2004 and 2005.The results showed that 7 pyrethroids with high fish-toxicity(beta-cyfluthrin,lambda-cyhalothrin,beta-cypermethrin,deltamethrin,S-fenvalerate,alpha-cypermethrin and fenpropathrin) were more effective against C.suppressalis than most of organophosphates.It was also observed that the field population of C.suppressalis from Rui′an,Zhejiang(RA05) showed high levels of resistance to some pyrethroids with high-fish toxicity,such as beta-cyfluthrin,lambda-cyhalothrin,beta-cypermethrin and deltamethrin(their resistance ratios were 166.7,51.9,41.3 and 36.8,respectively),providing the first evidence of the resistance development to pyrethroids in field populations of C.suppressalis,although these high fish-toxicity pyrethroids were banned from using in rice paddy.Three compounds with low fish-toxicity(cycloprothrin,etofenprox and silafluofen) showed higher efficacy against C.suppressalis than triazophos in the triazophos-resistant population(RA05).Therefore,these low fish-toxicity pyrethroids can be considered as candidates for replacing highly toxic organophosphates and resistance management for the rice striped stem borer.
    综述与专论
    Deficiencies in Previous Studies on Early Generation Stability of Rice and Its Corresponding Suggestions
    LU Zuo-mei
    2008, 22(3): 321-322 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (19KB) ( )  

    Common deficiencies existed in previous studies on early generation stability of rice due to similar methods used in these studies in the past decade.A single type of materials was used in these studies,leading to declined total variation among hybrid progenies.Researchers neglected the influence of sampling error,and small samples from F2 populations further reduced the variation.These deficiencies may result in wrong conclusions.Therefore,it was suggested that more qualitative traits should be investigated to obtain more credible conclusions.The relationship between phenotypic uniformity and genetic stability,and the influence of early generation stability on rice breeding program were discussed.

    研究简报
    Efficiency of Heat-Inducible Promoter (HSP18.2) from Arabidopsis thaliana in Rice
    WEN Chun-miao ,XU Zheng-jun* ,CAI Ping-zhong ,XIANG Yue-wu ,ZHANG Zhi-xiong ,LIU Jun ,WANG Min-xia ,PU Zhi-gang ,ZHANG Zhi-yong
    2008, 22(3): 323-326 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1409KB) ( )  
    In order to use heat-inducible promoter in transgenic rice research,the 5′-upstream regulation region of 18.2 kD heat-shock protein gene(HSP18.2) was cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana.The cloned HSP18.2 promoter was fused to the 5′-upstream of GUS(beta-glucuronidase) coding region in a binary vector,and introduced into indica rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.The result of histochemical staining analysis of GUS activity under both heat-shock treatment and normal conditions showed that the expression level of GUS fusion gene was significantly upregulated in transformed indica rice calli under heat shock treatment,suggesting that the HSP18.2 promoter could trigger the expression of foreign genes with high efficiency in transgenic indica rice calli.
    Molecular Identification of Barnyardgrass Pathogenic Fungus AAE and Its Protein-Induced Rice Resistance Against Magnaporthe grisea
    WANG Ling ,HUANG Shi-wen*,WANG Quan-yong ,E Zhi-guo ,WANG Lei ,ZHANG Jian-ping ,ZHU De-feng ,FU Qiang
    2008, 22(3): 327-330 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (373KB) ( )  
    Strain AAE is a pathogenic fungus isolated from infected barnyardgrass(Echinochloae sp.) samples.Crude protein of AAE could induce the resistance of rice seedlings against Magnaporthe grisea by significantly alleviating the occurrence of rice blast and the blast severity was reduced by 23.55%.The internal transcribed space(ITS) sequence of the AAE was amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced.BLAST search of this conserved sequence in GenBank indicated that AAE belongs to Alternaria genus,and the accession number of GenBank is EF192234.The ITS-based phylogenetic tree was also constructed.Strain AAE and Alternaria alternate were on the same clade,sharing 99.2% homology.By combining morphological characteristics with phylogenetic analysis,AAE was identified as Alternaria alternata.

    Comparison of Grain Quality Characteristics Between japonica Rice in Yunnan Plateau of China and Korea
    ZHAO Guo-zhen ,YANG Sea-jun ,SU Zhen-xi ,LIAO Xin-hua ,SHI Rong ,ZHU Zhen-hua ,JIANG Cong ,DAI Lu-yuan*
    2008, 22(3): 331-334 . 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (35KB) ( )  
    Twenty japonica rice varieties from Yunnan,China and Korea were investigated on grain quality characters.The differences in translucency,chalky rice rate,brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate between japonica rice from Yunnan and Korea were not significant at 0.05 level,while the differences in brown rice width and length/width ratio were significant.The width of brown rice was lower and the length/width ratio of brown rice was higher in varieties from Yunnan,China than those from Korea.Amylose content and protein content were significantly higher,while taste meter value in varieties from Yunnan were significantly lower than those from Korea.The difference in gel consistency was not significant at 0.05 level.However,the peak viscosity and breakdown in varieties from Korea were significantly higher,but setback values were significantly lower than those from Yunnan.Correlation analysis indicated that amylose content and protein content were positively correlated with setback and negatively correlated with peak viscosity,trough viscosity,breakdown and final viscosity.On the contrary,taste meter value was negatively correlated with setback and positively correlated with peak viscosity,trough viscosity,breakdown and final viscosity.Moreover,how to improve the grain quality of Yunnan japonica rice was discussed.