Optimal Nitrogen Rate Improves Grain Yield and Population Quality of Mechanical Transplanted Rice Nanjing 9108 Under Straw Manuring

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001G7216.2015.05.008

Abstract

Abstract:

To determine the optimal nitrogen rate for mechanical transplanted rice(MTR) with straw manuring and to clarify the effects of nitrogen rate on grain yield and the formation of high quality population, the good eating quality rice Naning 9108 was field-grown to investigate the yield and yield components and population quality of MTR with straw manuring in 2013 and 2014. Results showed that, yield of MTR increased and then reduced with increasing nitrogen rate. At a nitrogen rate of 270 kg/hm², the grain yield of MTR peaked, which is mainly due to high spikelet number of the population. With increasing nitrogen rate, panicle number of MTR increased, spikelet number per panicle increased and then reduced, filled grain percentage and 1000-grain weight followed a declining tendency. The number of stem and tiller, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation increased with increasing nitrogen rate, but dry matter accumulation after heading, percentage of productive tiller, leaf area rate of productive tillers, leaf area rate of flag leaf to 3rd leaf from top of productive tillers and spikelet per leaf area increased and then reduced. Therefore, optimal nitrogen rate improves grain yield of MTR and optimizes population quality.

Key words: straw manuring, nitrogen rate, mechanical transplanted rice, yield, population quality

摘要：

为探明秸秆还田条件下机插稻适宜施氮量,阐明机插稻产量和高质量群体形成对氮肥响应的特点,在大田秸秆全量还田条件下,以优质食味水稻南粳9108为材料,设置0、135.0、202.5、270.0、337.5、405.0 kg/hm²等6种施氮水平,研究氮肥用量对机插稻产量及其构成和群体质量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,机插稻产量先增加后减少,以施氮量为270 kg/hm²产量最高。产量提高的主要原因是较高的群体颖花量,在施氮量为270 kg/hm²条件下,机插稻群体颖花量达最大值。机插稻单位面积穗数随着施氮量增加而增加,每穗粒数先增后减,而结实率和千粒重表现为递减趋势。随着氮肥用量增加,机插稻分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的茎蘖数、叶面积指数、光合势和干物质积累量均呈递增趋势,而抽穗后干物质积累量、成穗率、有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率和粒叶比呈先增后降的趋势。因此,秸秆还田后适当增加施氮量利于提高机插稻产量,优化群体质量。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 施氮量, 机插稻, 产量, 群体质量

CLC Number:

Bao-wei GUO, Ya-jie HU, Hai-jun QIAN, Wei-wei CAO, Zhi-peng XING, Hong-cheng ZHANG, Qi-gen DAI, Zhong-yang HUO, Ke XU, Hai-yan WEI. Optimal Nitrogen Rate Improves Grain Yield and Population Quality of Mechanical Transplanted Rice Nanjing 9108 Under Straw Manuring[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(5): 511-518.

郭保卫, 胡雅杰, 钱海军, 曹伟伟, 邢志鹏, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 秸秆还田下适宜施氮量提高机插稻南粳9108产量和群体质量[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(5): 511-518.

Figures/Tables 9

References 25

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年度 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	穗数 Number of panicles /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Number of spikelets per panicle	群体颖花量 Total number of spikelets /(×10⁸·hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grain percentage /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	理论产量 Theoretical yield /(kg·hm^-2)	实产 Actual yield /(kg·hm^-2)
2013	N0	258.16 f	108.55 d	2.80 d	96.13 a	26.74 a	7 202.3 e	6 931.3 e
	N1	330.45 e	118.08 c	3.90 c	96.07 a	26.46 ab	9 917.8 d	9 681.3 d
	N2	346.68 d	122.32 c	4.24 b	95.22 a	26.40 ab	10 660.6 c	10 330.0 c
	N3	357.93 c	136.12 a	4.87 a	95.15 a	25.78 b	11 948.6 a	11 578.8 a
	N4	369.23 b	128.05 b	4.73 a	93.54 ab	25.66 b	11 350.4 b	11 017.5 b
	N5	379.92 a	124.17 bc	4.72 a	92.72 b	25.39 b	11 104.4 bc	10 802.5 bc
2014	N0	230.58 e	112.20 d	2.59 e	95.65 a	26.87 a	6 649.0 e	6 426.8 e
	N1	304.08 d	125.17 c	3.81 d	94.84 ab	26.24 ab	9 470.8 d	9 215.6 d
	N2	320.04 c	127.00 c	4.06 c	94.69 ab	26.12 ab	10 051.8 c	9 915.7 c
	N3	342.15 b	142.62 a	4.88 a	94.65 ab	25.98 ab	12 001.5 a	11 805.6 a
	N4	346.80 ab	135.36 b	4.69 ab	94.26 ab	25.79 b	11 409.9 b	11 020.1 b
	N5	352.08 a	130.77 bc	4.60 b	93.14 b	25.49 b	10 930.6 bc	10 643.7 bc

年度 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	穗数 Number of panicles /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Number of spikelets per panicle	群体颖花量 Total number of spikelets /(×10⁸·hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grain percentage /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	理论产量 Theoretical yield /(kg·hm^-2)	实产 Actual yield /(kg·hm^-2)
2013	N0	258.16 f	108.55 d	2.80 d	96.13 a	26.74 a	7 202.3 e	6 931.3 e
	N1	330.45 e	118.08 c	3.90 c	96.07 a	26.46 ab	9 917.8 d	9 681.3 d
	N2	346.68 d	122.32 c	4.24 b	95.22 a	26.40 ab	10 660.6 c	10 330.0 c
	N3	357.93 c	136.12 a	4.87 a	95.15 a	25.78 b	11 948.6 a	11 578.8 a
	N4	369.23 b	128.05 b	4.73 a	93.54 ab	25.66 b	11 350.4 b	11 017.5 b
	N5	379.92 a	124.17 bc	4.72 a	92.72 b	25.39 b	11 104.4 bc	10 802.5 bc
2014	N0	230.58 e	112.20 d	2.59 e	95.65 a	26.87 a	6 649.0 e	6 426.8 e
	N1	304.08 d	125.17 c	3.81 d	94.84 ab	26.24 ab	9 470.8 d	9 215.6 d
	N2	320.04 c	127.00 c	4.06 c	94.69 ab	26.12 ab	10 051.8 c	9 915.7 c
	N3	342.15 b	142.62 a	4.88 a	94.65 ab	25.98 ab	12 001.5 a	11 805.6 a
	N4	346.80 ab	135.36 b	4.69 ab	94.26 ab	25.79 b	11 409.9 b	11 020.1 b
	N5	352.08 a	130.77 bc	4.60 b	93.14 b	25.49 b	10 930.6 bc	10 643.7 bc

产量构成因素 Factor	产量构成因素间相关系数 Correlation coefficient among yield components					对Y效应 Effect for Y (P_i-Y)	对X₃效应 Effect for X₃ (P_i-X₃)
产量构成因素 Factor	X₂			X₃	X₄	X₅	Y(Yield)
穗数Panicle number (X₁)	0.685^*	0.952^**	-0.683^*	-0.869^**	0.934^**		0.666
每穗粒数Spikelet number per panicle (X₂)		0.874^**	-0.485	-0.704^*	0.888^**		0.418
群体颖花量Total spikelet number (X₃)			-0.661^*	-0.878^**	0.992^**	1.183
结实率Filled grain number (X₄)				0.897^**	-0.574	0.040
千粒重1000-grain weight (X₅)					-0.815^**	0.187

产量构成因素 Factor	产量构成因素间相关系数 Correlation coefficient among yield components					对Y效应 Effect for Y (P_i-Y)	对X₃效应 Effect for X₃ (P_i-X₃)
产量构成因素 Factor	X₂			X₃	X₄	X₅	Y(Yield)
穗数Panicle number (X₁)	0.685^*	0.952^**	-0.683^*	-0.869^**	0.934^**		0.666
每穗粒数Spikelet number per panicle (X₂)		0.874^**	-0.485	-0.704^*	0.888^**		0.418
群体颖花量Total spikelet number (X₃)			-0.661^*	-0.878^**	0.992^**	1.183
结实率Filled grain number (X₄)				0.897^**	-0.574	0.040
千粒重1000-grain weight (X₅)					-0.815^**	0.187

年度 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	分蘖中期 Mid-tillering /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	抽穗期 Heading /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	成熟期 Maturity /(×10⁴·hm^-2)	成穗率 Percentage of productive tiller/%
2013	N0	207.50 f	380.75 f	281.85 e	262.47 e	68.94 c
	N1	270.12 e	448.00 e	346.75 d	331.95 d	74.10 ab
	N2	290.75 d	465.50 d	359.25 c	349.68 c	75.12 a
	N3	301.75 c	477.50 c	376.62 b	358.83 bc	75.15 a
	N4	317.63 b	510.25 b	377.75 b	370.73 ab	72.66 b
	N5	335.13 a	535.00 a	390.50 a	382.92 a	71.57 b
2014	N0	179.55 e	332.33 e	255.15 f	230.58 e	69.38 c
	N1	278.78 d	402.45 d	321.30 e	304.08 d	75.56 a
	N2	293.63 c	422.10 c	332.33 d	320.04 c	75.82 a
	N3	309.45 b	428.40 c	353.35 c	340.70 b	76.96 a
	N4	326.78 a	472.50 b	368.55 b	347.20 ab	72.00 b
	N5	327.60 a	486.90 a	376.38 a	355.08 a	66.77 d