Research Progress of Typical Plant Growth-promoting Microorganism Enhancing Salt Stress Resistance in Rice

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240814

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil salinization is one of the main challenges facing global food security. Rice is the preferred grain crop for the reclamation of coastal tidal flats and saline-alkaline land. Enhancing salt tolerance is essential to ensuring stable saline-alkaline soil rice production. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) are a crucial part of the biological improvement of saline-alkaline soils. Salt-tolerant PGPMs, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas, can alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on the growth and development of rice by activating soil enzyme activity, producing extracellular polysaccharides, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, regulating osmotic metabolism osmoprotectants, and regulating plant hormones. This work summarizes different pathways and related mechanisms by which the three aforementioned PGPMs enhance rice resistance under salt stress, highlights the current research gaps in this field, and provides an outlook for future research, thereby offering theoretical and practical bases for the improvement of saline-alkaline soils and high-yield rice production.

Key words: rice, plant growth promoting microbes, salt stress, salt tolerance

摘要：

土壤盐碱化是当前全球粮食安全面临的主要挑战之一，水稻是滨海滩涂和盐碱地改良首选的粮食作物，提高耐盐性对稳定盐碱地水稻生产至关重要。促生微生物是生物改良土壤盐碱化的重要组成部分。耐盐型促生微生物如丛枝菌根真菌、芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌等，可以通过激活土壤酶活性、生成胞外多糖、增强抗氧化酶活性、调节渗透代谢、调节植物激素等方式来缓解盐胁迫对水稻的生长发育造成不利影响。本文总结了上述三种促生微生物提高盐胁迫下水稻抗性的不同途径和相关机理，指出现阶段研究领域存在的欠缺并对今后的研究提出展望，以期为盐碱地改良和水稻高产提供理论和实践依据。

关键词: 水稻, 促生微生物, 盐胁迫, 耐盐性

ZHOU Yang, YE Fan, LIU Lijun. Research Progress of Typical Plant Growth-promoting Microorganism Enhancing Salt Stress Resistance in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(4): 529-542.

周洋, 叶凡, 刘立军. 典型促生微生物提高盐胁迫水稻抗性的研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(4): 529-542.

Figures/Tables 7

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植物促生微生物 PGPM	菌剂浓度 Microbial inoculant concentration	盐胁迫时间 Salt stressstress exposure time	盐胁迫浓度 Salinity stress level	改善方式 Microbial mediation mechanism
枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis, SSA4^[21]	50 mL 3×10⁸ CFU/mL	22 d	300 mmol/L	改善A、Ci、Gs、E、呼吸速率，提高APX、MDHAR、DHAR以及GSH活性, 降低H₂O₂和MDA积累，抑制GR和DHA活性
暹罗芽孢杆菌 Bacillus siamensis^[42]	100 μg/mL 10⁸ CFU/mL	0‒15 d	200 mmol/L	提高根长、茎长、发芽率和根系定殖力，增加脯脯氨酸、脂肪酸、多元醇、IAA、铁载体含量以及生物膜合成
解淀粉芽孢杆菌 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, SN13^[41]	1×10⁷ CFU/mL	25 d	200 mmol/L	提高ACCD和NADP-苹果酸酶活性，增加肌醇和甘油含量，维持微生物群落多样性, 降低乙烯合成量
龙舌兰芽孢杆菌 Bacillus tequilensis, UPMRB9^[43]	10⁸−10⁹ CFU/mL	19 d	EC：8 dS/m	增加N、P、Ca、TSS、IAA含量，调节SOD、POD和CAT活性，调节Na⁺/K⁺和相对含水量，减少电解质渗漏
芽孢杆菌 Bacillus, PVS11^[14]	1×10⁷ CFU/mL	14 d	300 mmol/L	提高钾、磷酸盐、铁载体、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总类胡萝卜素有机碳含量以及脲酶活性

植物促生微生物 PGPM	菌剂浓度 Microbial inoculant concentration	盐胁迫时间 Salt stressstress exposure time	盐胁迫浓度 Salinity stress level	改善方式 Microbial mediation mechanism
枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis, SSA4^[21]	50 mL 3×10⁸ CFU/mL	22 d	300 mmol/L	改善A、Ci、Gs、E、呼吸速率，提高APX、MDHAR、DHAR以及GSH活性, 降低H₂O₂和MDA积累，抑制GR和DHA活性
暹罗芽孢杆菌 Bacillus siamensis^[42]	100 μg/mL 10⁸ CFU/mL	0‒15 d	200 mmol/L	提高根长、茎长、发芽率和根系定殖力，增加脯脯氨酸、脂肪酸、多元醇、IAA、铁载体含量以及生物膜合成
解淀粉芽孢杆菌 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, SN13^[41]	1×10⁷ CFU/mL	25 d	200 mmol/L	提高ACCD和NADP-苹果酸酶活性，增加肌醇和甘油含量，维持微生物群落多样性, 降低乙烯合成量
龙舌兰芽孢杆菌 Bacillus tequilensis, UPMRB9^[43]	10⁸−10⁹ CFU/mL	19 d	EC：8 dS/m	增加N、P、Ca、TSS、IAA含量，调节SOD、POD和CAT活性，调节Na⁺/K⁺和相对含水量，减少电解质渗漏
芽孢杆菌 Bacillus, PVS11^[14]	1×10⁷ CFU/mL	14 d	300 mmol/L	提高钾、磷酸盐、铁载体、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总类胡萝卜素有机碳含量以及脲酶活性

植物促生微生物 PGPM	菌剂浓度 Microbial inoculant concentration	盐胁迫时间 Salt stressstress exposure time(d)	盐胁迫浓度 Salinity stress level	改善方式 Microbial mediation mechanism
斯氏假单胞菌 Pseudomonas stutzeri, A1501^[69]	10 mL(8×10⁷ CFU/mL)	0~7	120 mmol/L	增加株高、根部鲜质量和干质量以及ACCD活性
铜绿假单胞菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa^[64]	6×10⁸ CFU/mL	28	150 mmol/L	加速清除ROS，降低脂质过氧化、DNA片段化、膜通透性以及细胞凋亡
假产碱假单胞菌 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes^[63]	6×10⁸ CFU/mL	0	25 g/L	增强细胞活力，降低细胞膜指数、细胞半胱天冬酶样蛋白酶活性和细胞程序性死亡
荧光假单胞菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens, RS1^[70]	1 mL (1×10⁷ CFU/mL））	10	10 mL 0.85%	增加锌和钾吸收，提高根长、根质量、茎长和茎质量
恶臭假单胞菌 Pseudomonas putida^[71]	1 L(10⁸ CFU/mL)	0	EC:7.1 dS/m	提高茎粗、分蘖数、总叶绿素、生物量、收获指数、每穗实粒数和产量，改善CAT活性, 减少叶片H₂O₂含量

植物促生微生物 PGPM	菌剂浓度 Microbial inoculant concentration	盐胁迫时间 Salt stressstress exposure time(d)	盐胁迫浓度 Salinity stress level	改善方式 Microbial mediation mechanism
斯氏假单胞菌 Pseudomonas stutzeri, A1501^[69]	10 mL(8×10⁷ CFU/mL)	0~7	120 mmol/L	增加株高、根部鲜质量和干质量以及ACCD活性
铜绿假单胞菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa^[64]	6×10⁸ CFU/mL	28	150 mmol/L	加速清除ROS，降低脂质过氧化、DNA片段化、膜通透性以及细胞凋亡
假产碱假单胞菌 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes^[63]	6×10⁸ CFU/mL	0	25 g/L	增强细胞活力，降低细胞膜指数、细胞半胱天冬酶样蛋白酶活性和细胞程序性死亡
荧光假单胞菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens, RS1^[70]	1 mL (1×10⁷ CFU/mL））	10	10 mL 0.85%	增加锌和钾吸收，提高根长、根质量、茎长和茎质量
恶臭假单胞菌 Pseudomonas putida^[71]	1 L(10⁸ CFU/mL)	0	EC:7.1 dS/m	提高茎粗、分蘖数、总叶绿素、生物量、收获指数、每穗实粒数和产量，改善CAT活性, 减少叶片H₂O₂含量

供试菌剂 Experimental microbial inoculant	菌剂用量 Dosage of bacterial inoculant	盐胁迫时间 Salt stressstress exposure time	盐胁迫浓度 Salinity stress level	改善方式 Microbial mediation mechanism
根内根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus intraradices^[75]	5 g/盆[0.6%(w/w)菌根化基质] 5 g/pot[0.6%(w/w) mycorrhizal inoculum substrate]	30 d	100 mmol/L	提高N、P、K、微量元素、水分、株高、干物质，增强抗氧化酶和土壤酶活性，降低Na⁺吸收，减少H₂O₂和MDA合成
幼套近明球囊霉 Claroideoglomus etunicatum, EEZ 163^[92]	700个孢子/盆 700 spores per pot	35 d	150 mmol/L	改善光合特性(包括净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率，增强rubisco活性)，提高可溶性糖和叶绿素a含量；同时提高ΦPSⅡ，降低ΦNPQ，减轻光诱导损伤
光壁无梗囊霉 Acaulospora laevis^[93]	700个孢子/盆 700 spores per pot	60 d	120 mmol/L	改善地上部K⁺/Na⁺，提高叶绿素含量、根生物量、小穗育性以及籽粒产量，降低地上部Na⁺/根Na⁺