Tolerance to Low Phosphorus and Its Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Cultivars

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7047

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose was to elucidate the evaluation index of tolerance to low phosphorus (LP) and agronomic and physiological characteristics of rice cultivars with strong resistance to LP. 【Method】 Eleven typical japonica rice cultivars applied in Jiangsu Province during the last 70 years were used and two levels of phosphorus concentrations, low phosphorus level (1/20 of the phosphorus concentration in the standard nutrient solution formulation, LP) and the normal phosphorus concentration (International Rice Research Institute standard nutrient solution formulation, control), were designed. 【Result】 LP tolerance index (grain yield of LP treatment × LP tolerance coefficient/average grain yield of LP treatment for all tested cultivars) and dry matter index (dry matter of LP treatment/ dry matter of control) were significantly or extremely significantly and positively correlated with the LP tolerance coefficient (grain yield of LP treatment/ grain yield of control) and grain yield under the LP treatment. Therefore,the LP tolerance index and dry matter index were chosen as indexes to evaluate the tolerance to LP for rice cultivars. The tested cultivars were classified into three categories based on the two indexes: strong tolerance to LP (both LP tolerance index and dry matter index >1), medium resistance to LP (both LP tolerance index and dry matter index > 0.6 and either LP tolerance index or dry matter index < 1) and weak tolerance to LP (both LP tolerance index and dry matter index≤0.6). Compared with those with weak tolerance to LP, the cultivars with strong tolerance to LP exhibited higher root dry weight, stronger root activity, more tiller number at the early tillering stage, larger total leaf area index (LAI), high-efficiency LAI, effective LAI and sink capacity, more accumulation of sugars in the stem and sheath at heading time and greater dry matter production capacity from heading to maturity. The LP treatment increased internal phosphorus use efficiency (grain yield/phosphorus uptake of plants) and the phosphorus harvest index (phosphorus in the grain/the total absorbed phosphorus in plants) in comparison with the control. Moreover, the cultivars with strong tolerance to LP showed much higher internal phosphorus use efficiency.【Conclusion】 The LP tolerance index and dry matter index can be used as indexes to evaluate the tolerance to LP for a rice cultivar. Under the LP treatment, higher root dry weight, more tiller number at the early tillering stage, larger sink capacity and greater dry matter production capacity during gain-filling period are the main agronomic and physiological characteristics of rice cultivars with strong tolerance to LP and high phosphorus use efficiency.

Key words: grain yield, tolerance to low phosphorus, evaluation index, agronomic and physiological trait

摘要：

【目的】本研究旨在探明水稻耐低磷性的评价指标和耐低磷品种的农艺生理特征。【方法】以11个江苏省近70年来的代表性粳稻品种作为材料,进行水培种植,设置低磷(标准营养液中磷浓度的1/20)处理,以正常磷浓度(国际水稻研究所标准营养液配方)为对照。【结果】耐低磷指数(低磷产量×耐低磷系数/所有供试品种低磷处理的平均产量)、干物质指数(低磷干物质量/对照干物质量)与耐低磷系数(低磷产量/对照产量)及低磷处理下的产量呈显著或极显著正相关。将耐低磷指数和干物质指数作为评价水稻品种耐低磷性的指标。根据两指标值的大小将供试品种分成3类：强耐低磷品种,耐低磷指数和干物质指数均≥1;中耐低磷品种,耐低磷指数和干物质指数均>0.6, 耐低磷指数或干物质指数<1;弱耐低磷品种或低磷敏感型品种,耐低磷指数或干物质指数≤0.6。与弱耐低磷品种相比,强耐低磷品种在低磷处理下具有根量大、根系活力强,分蘖早期分蘖数多,总叶面积指数(LAI)和高效LAI大、有效LAI比例高,库容量大,抽穗期茎鞘中糖积累量多,抽穗至成熟期物质生产能力强等特征。与对照相比,低磷处理增加了磷素产谷利用率(稻谷产量/磷吸收量)和磷收获指数(籽粒中磷/成熟期植株中总吸收的磷)。在低磷下的磷素产谷利用率,强耐低磷品种高于弱耐低磷品种。【结论】耐低磷指数和干物质指数可以作为耐低磷品种的筛选指标;在低磷处理下,根量大、分蘖早期分蘖数多、库容量大、抽穗至成熟期物质生产能力强是耐低磷性强和磷利用效率高水稻品种的重要农艺生理特征。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 耐低磷性, 评价指标, 农艺生理性状

CLC Number:

Yinyin LI, Gengwen XU, Junfeng LI, Jiarong GUO, Zhiqin WANG, Jianchang YANG. Tolerance to Low Phosphorus and Its Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Cultivars[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(1): 51-66.

李银银, 许更文, 李俊峰, 郭佳蓉, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 水稻品种的耐低磷性及其农艺生理性状[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(1): 51-66.

Figures/Tables 24

References 33

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应用年份 Year of application	品种 Cultivar	主栽年份 Planting year
20世纪50年代 1950s	桂花球 Guihuaqiu	1950–1960
20世纪60年代 1960s	金南风、桂花黄 Jinnanfeng, Guihuahuang	1960–1970
20世纪70年代 1970s	徐稻2号、黎明 Xudao 2, Liming	1970–1980
20世纪80年代 1980s	泗稻8号、盐粳2号 Sidao 8, Yanjing 2	1980–1990
20世纪90年代 1990s	镇稻88、淮稻5号 Zhendao 88, Huaidao 5	1990–2000
2000年以后 2000–	连粳7号（超级稻）、甬优2640（杂交稻） Lianjing 7(super rice), Yongyou 2640(Hybrid rice)	2000–

应用年份 Year of application	品种 Cultivar	主栽年份 Planting year
20世纪50年代 1950s	桂花球 Guihuaqiu	1950–1960
20世纪60年代 1960s	金南风、桂花黄 Jinnanfeng, Guihuahuang	1960–1970
20世纪70年代 1970s	徐稻2号、黎明 Xudao 2, Liming	1970–1980
20世纪80年代 1980s	泗稻8号、盐粳2号 Sidao 8, Yanjing 2	1980–1990
20世纪90年代 1990s	镇稻88、淮稻5号 Zhendao 88, Huaidao 5	1990–2000
2000年以后 2000–	连粳7号（超级稻）、甬优2640（杂交稻） Lianjing 7(super rice), Yongyou 2640(Hybrid rice)	2000–

药品种类 Type of drug	药品名称 Drug name	移栽后10 d Ten days after transplanting		抽穗后 After heading	配置 Configuration
药品种类 Type of drug	药品名称 Drug name	全液 Full liquid/g	1/2全液 1/2 full liquid/g	1/4全液 1/4 full liquid/g	配置 Configuration
大量元素 Macronutrients	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O	736.92	368.46	184.23	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O单独称,
	MgSO₄·7H₂O	2070	1035	517.5	不能和MgSO₄·7H₂O混合,
	(NH₄)₂SO₄	405.72	202.86	101.43	其余几种称在一起
	KCl	154.24	77.12	38.56	用KCl和H₃PO₄代替KH₂PO₄
	H₃PO₄(ml)	127.35	63.68	31.84	用KCl和H₃PO₄代替KH₂PO₄
微量元素 Micronutrients	H₃BO₃	23.68	11.84	5.92	用一瓶浓H₂SO₄分成两份溶解
	ZnSO₄·7H₂O	1.82	0.91	0.46	分装于两个1L烧杯内
	MnCl₂·4H₂O	14.99	7.49	3.75	加入除MnCl₂以外的微量元素
	CuSO₄·5H₂O	0.66	0.33	0.17	于通风橱中加MnCl₂
	H₂MoO₄·H₂O	0.17	0.08	0.04	放热一会后加入一定量的冰水
	柠檬酸	16.56	8.28	4.14	冷却后装入大瓶中稍微稀释
	EDTA Na	67			8个小池子的量,用开水将Na盐
	FeSO₄·7H₂O	62.5			溶解后加入FeSO₄·7H₂O装入大桶稀释

药品种类 Type of drug	药品名称 Drug name	移栽后10 d Ten days after transplanting		抽穗后 After heading	配置 Configuration
药品种类 Type of drug	药品名称 Drug name	全液 Full liquid/g	1/2全液 1/2 full liquid/g	1/4全液 1/4 full liquid/g	配置 Configuration
大量元素 Macronutrients	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O	736.92	368.46	184.23	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O单独称,
	MgSO₄·7H₂O	2070	1035	517.5	不能和MgSO₄·7H₂O混合,
	(NH₄)₂SO₄	405.72	202.86	101.43	其余几种称在一起
	KCl	154.24	77.12	38.56	用KCl和H₃PO₄代替KH₂PO₄
	H₃PO₄(ml)	127.35	63.68	31.84	用KCl和H₃PO₄代替KH₂PO₄
微量元素 Micronutrients	H₃BO₃	23.68	11.84	5.92	用一瓶浓H₂SO₄分成两份溶解
	ZnSO₄·7H₂O	1.82	0.91	0.46	分装于两个1L烧杯内
	MnCl₂·4H₂O	14.99	7.49	3.75	加入除MnCl₂以外的微量元素
	CuSO₄·5H₂O	0.66	0.33	0.17	于通风橱中加MnCl₂
	H₂MoO₄·H₂O	0.17	0.08	0.04	放热一会后加入一定量的冰水
	柠檬酸	16.56	8.28	4.14	冷却后装入大瓶中稍微稀释
	EDTA Na	67			8个小池子的量,用开水将Na盐
	FeSO₄·7H₂O	62.5			溶解后加入FeSO₄·7H₂O装入大桶稀释

处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	单株穗数 Number of panicles per plant	每穗粒数 Number of grains per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	单株产量 Yield per plant/g
低P LP	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	4.4 i	247.27 a	23.47 e	82.50 c	21.06 a
	桂花球 Guihuaqiu	6.1 e	119.42 b	28.48 a	79.19 d	16.29 b
	盐粳2号 Yanjing 2	8.2 c	79.71 f	24.48 d	89.62 a	14.34 cd
	金南风 Jinnanfeng	8.9 b	70.09 g	25.97 c	86.31 b	13.99 d
	桂花黄 Guihuahuang	6.9 d	110.16 c	26.92 b	70.59 ef	14.45 ef
	泗稻8号 Sidao 8	5.7 f	102.54 cd	24.85 d	87.47 b	12.71 e
	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	4.8 h	95.53 de	26.45 bc	91.07 a	11.04 g
	徐稻2号 Xudao 2	6.0 e	104.25 c	26.06 c	72.84 e	11.87 f
	黎明 Liming	13.5 a	35.47 h	24.61 d	55.97 g	6.63 i
	连粳7号 Lianjing 7	5.4 g	122.07 b	26.92 b	48.31 h	8.57 h
	镇稻88 Zhendao 88	4.9 h	92.14 e	28.30 a	68.82 f	8.71 h
对照 Control	甬优2640 Yongyou 2640	4.9 j	267.25 a	22.21 f	82.17 a	23.85 a
	桂花球 Guihuaqiu	7.3 e	144.58 c	25.25 b	63.53 e	16.93 b
	盐粳2号 Yanjing 2	6.5 f	116.51 e	22.35 f	78.86 b	13.46 e
	金南风 Jinnanfeng	9.7 b	80.19 g	23.04 e	74.66 c	13.39 e
	桂花黄 Guihuahuang	7.3 e	114.02 ef	23.87 cd	75.1 c	14.92 d
	泗稻8号 Sidao 8	7.6 d	113.28 ef	23.85 cd	75.53 c	15.5 c
	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	5.1 i	146.72 c	23.92 cd	69.72 d	12.49 f
	徐稻2号 Xudao 2	7.8 c	123.06 d	24.14 c	71.72 d	16.63 b
	黎明 Liming	11.9 a	58.23 h	23.73 d	48.91 f	8.04 h
	连粳7号 Lianjing 7	5.6 h	158.52 b	25.44 a	48.8 f	11.12 g
	镇稻88 Zhendao 88	6.3 g	111.91 f	25.41 ab	75.48 c	13.61 e