节水灌溉对优良食味粳稻产量形成及根系形态的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250309

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究两个优良食味超级稻品种在节水灌溉条件下产量形成及根系形态变化的特性，为明确品种的耐旱稳产特性及节水栽培技术研发提供依据。【方法】以南粳5718和南粳3908为材料，在2023和2024年设置淹水灌溉(W0)、轻度间歇灌溉(W1)、中度间歇灌溉(W2)三种灌溉方式，比较叶色、分蘖数、株高、干物质积累与转运、产量及其构成因素、根系形态生理指标等性状差异，并分析各性状与产量间的相互关系。【结果】与W0相比，W1下南粳5718的产量及构成因素无显著差异，而南粳3908产量在两年间分别降低了15.3%和12.5%，穗数和千粒重也显著降低。W2下两品种产量及部分构成因素显著降低，其中南粳5718产量两年平均减少9.4%，南粳3908产量两年平均减少21.3%。W2下两品种的分蘖数、茎蘖成穗率以及茎叶干物质积累量、输出与转化率显著降低，其中W1下南粳5718的干物质积累与转运表现最优。两品种的叶片SPAD值随节水程度增加而降低，尤其是灌浆后期表现更为明显。与W0相比，南粳3908在两种节水灌溉条件下，各根系形态指标均显著下降；而南粳5718仅在W2下根尖数、总根长、根直径、根表面积显著降低。相关性分析表明，灌浆后期水稻株高、叶色、根系形态指标与产量显著正相关。【结论】南粳5718在轻度节水灌溉下能够维持较高产量，表现出更好的节水效应，而南粳3908对节水灌溉表现较敏感，产量稳定性较差。合理的间歇灌溉通过改善水稻的株型、叶色和根系形态等关键指标，有效维持了南粳5718的产量稳定。

关键词: 水稻, 节水灌溉, 水分胁迫, 产量, 根系形态

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the characteristics of yield formation and root morphology changes of two super japonica rice varieties with excellent eating quality under water-saving irrigation, and lay the foundation for clarifying the characteristics of drought resistance and yield stability of rice varieties and the development of water-saving cultivation techniques.【Method】Using Nanjing 5718 and Nanjing 3908 as materials, three irrigation approaches were adopted in 2023 and 2024: flooding irrigation (W0), mild intermittent irrigation (W1), and moderate intermittent irrigation (W2). The differences in leaf color, tiller number, plant height, dry matter accumulation and transportation, yield and its components, and root morphological and physiological parameters were compared, and the correlations between each trait and yield were analyzed.【Results】Compared with W0, there was no significant change in yield and its components for Nanjing 5718 under W1, while the yield of Nanjing 3908 decreased by 15.3% and 12.5% over two years, respectively. Panicle number and thousand-grain weight were also significantly decreased. Under W2, yield and its components of both varieties significantly decreased, with an average decrease of yield of 9.4% for Nanjing 5718 and 21.3% for Nanjing 3908 in both years. The tiller number, fertile tiller rate, dry matter accumulation, output rate and translocation rate of the stems and leaves of both varieties under W2 were significantly reduced, with the highest output and transport rates in Nanjing 5718 under W1. The leaf SPAD values of both varieties decreased with the increase of water-saving degrees, especially in the late stage of grain filling. Compared with W0, the root morphology parameters of Nanjing 3908 significantly decreased under two water-saving patterns; however, only root tip number, root length, root diameter and root surface area of Nanjing 5718 were significantly decreased under W2. Correlation analysis showed that plant height, leaf color at the late grain-filling stage, root morphological parameters were significantly positively correlated with yield.【Conclusion】Nanjing 5718 could maintain high yield under water-saving irrigation and exhibited better water-saving effects, while Nanjing 3908 was more sensitive to water-saving irrigation and had a lower yield stability. Appropriate intermittent irrigation effectively maintained the stable yield of Nanjing 5718 by improving key indicators such as plant type, leaf color and root morphology of rice.

Key words: Oryza sativa, water-saving irrigation, water stress, yield, root morphology

赵春芳, 罗磊, 赵庆勇, 庄丽华, 管菊, 陈涛, 朱镇, 张亚东, 王才林. 节水灌溉对优良食味粳稻产量形成及根系形态的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(4): 519-530.

ZHAO Chunfang, LUO Lei, ZHAO Qingyong, ZHUANG Lihua, GUAN Ju, CHEN Tao, ZHU Zhen, ZHANG Yadong, WANG Cailin. Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Yield Formation and Root Morphology of High-quality japonica Cultivars[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(4): 519-530.

图/表 12

参考文献 34

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变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	抽穗期 Heading date	穗数 Panicle number	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate	千粒重 Thousand grain weight	产量 Yield
年份 Year	1	*	**	ns	*	**	**
处理 Treatment	2	ns	ns	**	*	*	**
品种 Variety	1	**	**	ns	*	**	ns
年份×处理 Year×Treatment	2	ns	**	*	ns	ns	ns
年份×品种 Year×Variety	1	ns	ns	**	ns	**	**
处理×品种 Treatment×Variety	2	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
年份×处理×品种 Year×Treatment×Variety	4	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	抽穗期 Heading date	穗数 Panicle number	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate	千粒重 Thousand grain weight	产量 Yield
年份 Year	1	*	**	ns	*	**	**
处理 Treatment	2	ns	ns	**	*	*	**
品种 Variety	1	**	**	ns	*	**	ns
年份×处理 Year×Treatment	2	ns	**	*	ns	ns	ns
年份×品种 Year×Variety	1	ns	ns	**	ns	**	**
处理×品种 Treatment×Variety	2	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
年份×处理×品种 Year×Treatment×Variety	4	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	灌溉方式 Irrigation pattern	抽穗期 Heading date (d)	穗数 Panicle number	每穗颖花数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)
2023	南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	W0	93.0±0.0 ab	8.4±1.3 c	115.3±5.5 a	96.5±0.7 a	31.8±0.9 a	11.0±0.7 a
		W1	93.7±0.6 a	8.9±0.4 bc	107.9±2.2 bc	97.1±0.6 a	31.3±0.6 a	10.6±0.4 ab
		W2	93.0±1.7 ab	8.6±0.3 bc	111.0±5.2 ab	95.9±1.1 a	31.5±0.5 a	10.1±0.3 b
	南粳3908 Nanjing 3908	W0	102.7±1.2 bc	8.5±0.2 d	111.0±4.8 ab	96.4±1.6 a	29.1±0.7 a	11.1±0.3 a
		W1	104.0±1.7 ab	10.0±0.4 cd	88.8±6.1 c	96.8±0.6 a	28.2±0.1 b	9.4±0.5 b
		W2	104.7±0.6 a	8.3±0.3 d	102.5±3.1 b	95.1±2.2 a	27.9±0.3 b	8.8±0.6 c
2024	南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	W0	93.0±1.0 ab	9.9±0.4 ab	102.6±0.6 c	91.3±1.5 b	29.4±0.1 b	8.5±0.3 c
		W1	92.3±0.6 ab	10.3±0.4 a	103.0±3.2 c	87.8±0.8 bc	29.1±0.7 b	8.3±0.1 c
		W2	91.7±0.6 b	9.9±0.7 ab	104.6±4.2 bc	85.7±5.7 c	28.8±0.1 b	7.6±0.2 d
	南粳3908 Nanjing 3908	W0	101.0±0.0 c	10.2±0.2 ab	112.5±4.8 ab	85.3±1.1 b	24.8±0.3 c	9.6±0.5 b
		W1	103.0±0.0 ab	10.7±0.3 a	108.7±8.7 ab	83.1±1.2 bc	24.3±0.3 c	8.4±0.6 c
		W2	102.3±0.6 bc	9.7±0.3 c	114.5±5.5 a	81.6±1.7 c	24.4±0.2 c	7.5±0.2 d

年份 Year	品种 Variety	灌溉方式 Irrigation pattern	抽穗期 Heading date (d)	穗数 Panicle number	每穗颖花数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)
2023	南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	W0	93.0±0.0 ab	8.4±1.3 c	115.3±5.5 a	96.5±0.7 a	31.8±0.9 a	11.0±0.7 a
		W1	93.7±0.6 a	8.9±0.4 bc	107.9±2.2 bc	97.1±0.6 a	31.3±0.6 a	10.6±0.4 ab
		W2	93.0±1.7 ab	8.6±0.3 bc	111.0±5.2 ab	95.9±1.1 a	31.5±0.5 a	10.1±0.3 b
	南粳3908 Nanjing 3908	W0	102.7±1.2 bc	8.5±0.2 d	111.0±4.8 ab	96.4±1.6 a	29.1±0.7 a	11.1±0.3 a
		W1	104.0±1.7 ab	10.0±0.4 cd	88.8±6.1 c	96.8±0.6 a	28.2±0.1 b	9.4±0.5 b
		W2	104.7±0.6 a	8.3±0.3 d	102.5±3.1 b	95.1±2.2 a	27.9±0.3 b	8.8±0.6 c
2024	南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	W0	93.0±1.0 ab	9.9±0.4 ab	102.6±0.6 c	91.3±1.5 b	29.4±0.1 b	8.5±0.3 c
		W1	92.3±0.6 ab	10.3±0.4 a	103.0±3.2 c	87.8±0.8 bc	29.1±0.7 b	8.3±0.1 c
		W2	91.7±0.6 b	9.9±0.7 ab	104.6±4.2 bc	85.7±5.7 c	28.8±0.1 b	7.6±0.2 d
	南粳3908 Nanjing 3908	W0	101.0±0.0 c	10.2±0.2 ab	112.5±4.8 ab	85.3±1.1 b	24.8±0.3 c	9.6±0.5 b
		W1	103.0±0.0 ab	10.7±0.3 a	108.7±8.7 ab	83.1±1.2 bc	24.3±0.3 c	8.4±0.6 c
		W2	102.3±0.6 bc	9.7±0.3 c	114.5±5.5 a	81.6±1.7 c	24.4±0.2 c	7.5±0.2 d

品种 Variety	灌溉方式 Irrigation pattern	输出量 Output amount (g)	输出率 Output rate (%)	转化率 Translocation rate (%)
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	W0	6.07±0.40 b	19.05±1.57 b	24.61±0.95 b
	W1	8.05±0.42 a	24.32±1.44 a	31.37±1.02 a
	W2	4.62±0.27 c	15.05±0.79 c	19.98±0.45 c
南粳3908 Nanjing 3908	W0	6.84±0.61 a	20.00±1.35 a	25.60±1.05 a
	W1	6.64±0.52 a	19.81±1.02 ab	25.40±1.26 a
	W2	5.88±0.46 b	18.03±1.26 b	24.89±0.68 a