中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 487-501.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250606

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

精准条播育秧对广西机插水稻栽插质量、干物质生产及产量的影响

钟晓媛1, 王众1, 陈雷1, 张晓丽1, 黄严2, 朱德峰3, 王亚梁3, 覃勇2, 高国庆1, 张隆葵4, 唐茂艳1,*(), 梁天锋1,*()   

  1. 1 广西壮族自治区农业科学院/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室， 南宁 530007
    2 广西壮族自治区农业机械化服务中心, 南宁 530023
    3 中国水稻研究所, 杭州 311400
    4 广西隆星禾农业科技有限公司, 钦州 535000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-16 修回日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-15
  • 通讯作者: *email: tangmaoyan@gxaas.net;
    tfliang@gxaas.net
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD1902804);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD1902805);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资金资助项目(桂农科2024YP010);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资金资助项目(桂农科2025YP034);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资金资助项目(桂农科2026YT070);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32160501);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32201901);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项资金资助项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-01-04);广西农业科学院成果转化项目(NCZ202602)

Effects of Precision Drill Sowing on Transplanting Quality, Dry Matter Production, and Yield of Machine-transplanted Rice in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

ZHONG Xiaoyuan1, WANG Zhong1, CHEN Lei1, ZHANG Xiaoli1, HUANG Yan2, ZHU Defeng3, WANG Yaliang3, QIN Yong2, GAO Guoqing1, ZHANG Longkui4, TANG Maoyan1,*(), LIANG Tianfeng1,*()   

  1. 1 Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning 530007, China
    2 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Agricultural Mechanization Service Center, Nanning 530023, China
    3 China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
    4 Guangxi Longxinghe Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Qinzhou 535000, China
  • Received:2025-06-16 Revised:2026-02-27 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-15

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摘要：

【目的】明确精准条播育秧机插对广西机插稻产量的影响，为广西水稻机械化生产和大面积单产提升提供技术支撑。【方法】以昌两优8号、昌两优馥香占、华盛优京贵占、菁美丝香、聚香丝苗、广粮新桂等6个籼稻品种为供试材料，设置精准条播(precision drill sowing, PS)育秧机插和传统撒播(broadcast sowing, BS)育秧机插两个处理，测定分析秧苗素质、机插质量、干物质积累及产量形成等性状指标。【结果】1)与BS处理相比，PS处理分别提高了秧苗均匀度和根系盘结力5.68%~15.47%和7.65%~24.21%。2)PS处理显著降低漏插率54.72%~76.67%，提高机插苗数均匀度、分蘖高峰苗数以及有效穗数均匀度37.91%~104.73%、16.49%~24.18%和6.67%~13.72%，其中昌两优8号PS处理下机插苗数均匀度最高。3)与BS处理相比，PS处理增加齐穗期叶面积指数和有效叶面积指数、光合势，提高了移栽−齐穗阶段的干物质积累量以及成熟期群体干物质积累量。4)群体有效穗数和群体颖花数的显著增加是PS处理获得高产的重要原因之一。【结论】精准条播育秧机插能够降低漏插率，提高机插苗数均匀度，增加群体有效穗数及其均匀度、叶面积指数和光合势，促进干物质积累，进而提高产量。

关键词: 水稻, 精准条播, 机插, 机插质量, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of precision drill sowing (PS) on yield of machine-transplanted rice in Guangxi, and to provide technical support for mechanized production and improvement of large-scale yield per unit area of rice in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.【Method】The seeds of Changliangyou 8, Changliangyoufuxiangzhan, Huashengyoujingguizhan, Jingmeisixiang, Juxiangsimiao and Guangliangxingui were precisely drill-sown (PS) with the same seed sowing rate used in traditional broadcast sowing (BS) as the control. The seedling quality, mechanical transplanting quality, dry matter production, and yield were investigated.【Result】1) Compared with BS, PS improved the seedling uniformity and root interlocking force by 5.68%-15.47% and 7.65%-24.21%, respectively. 2) PS significantly reduced the rate of missing hills by 54.72%−76.67%, increased the uniformity of the seedling number per hill, the peak number of seedlings, and the uniformity of the number of productive tillers by 37.91%-104.73%, 16.49%-24.18%, and 6.67%-13.72%, respectively. 3) Compared with BS, PS increased the leaf area index (LAI) and effective LAI during heading stage, photosynthetic potential, and improved the dry matter accumulation from transplanting to jointing and from jointing to heading stages, as well as the dry matter accumulation of population at maturity stage. 4) The significant increase in the number of productive tillers and population spikelets in the PS treatment was one of the important reasons for achieving high grain yield.【Conclusion】Precision drill sowing in mechanical transplanting reduced the rate of missing hills, improved the uniformity of the seedling number under mechanical transplanting, increased the number of productive tillers and its uniformity, LAI, and photosynthetic potential, promoted the accumulation of dry matter, which resulted in an increase in grain yield.

Key words: rice, precision drill sowing, machine transplanting, mechanical transplanting quality, grain yield