中国水稻科学

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国栽培稻等位酶的遗传结构及地理分布

江云珠;汤圣祥;唐健*   

  1. 中国水稻研究所, 浙江 杭州 310006; *通讯联系人, E-mail: tangjian@mail.hz.zj.cn
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-09-10 发布日期:2010-09-10

Genetic Structure and Geographical Distribution of Chinese Rice Cultivars Based on Allozymic Alleles

JIANG Yun-zhu; TANG Shen-xiang; TANG Jian*   

  1. China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; *Corresponding author, E-mail: tangjian@mail.hz.zj.cn
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-09-10 Published:2010-09-10

摘要: 对我国6330份栽培稻品种进行了5种等位酶12个位点的遗传结构分析,共检测到53个等位基因,平均等位基因数为4.41,多样性指数值为0.269,表明中国栽培稻具有丰富的等位酶遗传多样性。地方农家品种和现代育成品种遗传多样性指数差异不大,但现代育成品种等位基因较少,共有13个稀有等位基因仅存在于地方农家品种中。比较我国六大生态稻区的等位酶分布,发现西南稻区的等位酶基因最为丰富,为我国稻种资源的多样性中心,但华北和华中稻区在某些等位酶基因上的多样性以及某些稀有等位基因的存在暗示着淮河流域和长江流域可能与栽培稻的起源有关。利用等位基因聚类分析基本可以把地方农家品种分成两大类,分别是籼稻和粳稻,籼稻的遗传多样性大于粳稻。籼粳稻在等位酶位点上的差异不仅表现为单个等位基因形式和频率的不同,还表现为多位点非随机组合的遗传差异。

关键词: 栽培稻, 等位酶等位基因, 遗传多样性

Abstract: The genetic structure of Chinese rice cultivars was analyzed according to allozyme variation by starch gel electrophoresis. Twelve polymorphic loci coding for 5 allozymes were surveyed among 6330 Chinese rice cultivars including 5492 traditional rice and 838 inbred varieties. Fiftythree alleles were detected with a genetic diversity index of 0.269. The difference in diversity index was not significant between traditional and inbred rice. But total allele number of traditional rice was higher than that of modern inbred varieties. Comparing the allozyme diversity among six rice ecoregions of China, it is found that the diversity center of allozyme is in southwest ecoregion of China, while most rear alleles existing in the rice cultivation regions of North China and East China. This finding indicates that the north and east rice cultivation regions are probably related with the origin of rice in China. The traditional cultivars were clustered into two major groups, indica and japonica. The diversity of indica was higher than that of japonica. The pronounced nonrandom associations among alleles at many unlinked enzyme loci as well as the significant differences of frequencies at individual locus indicate the significant difference between the subspecies of rice, indica and japonica.

Key words: rice cultivar, allozyme allele, genetic diversity, geographical distribution