水氮互作下直播稻结实期冠层小气候与米质的关系

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0314

中国水稻科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 269-278.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0314

水氮互作下直播稻结实期冠层小气候与米质的关系

武云霞^1,², 郭长春¹, 孙永健^1,^*(), 刘芳艳¹, 杨志远¹, 孙园园³, 王明田⁴, 马均¹

¹四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都 611130
²四川省泸州市泸县现代农业园区管理委员会, 四川泸县 646100
³中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,成都 610072
⁴四川省气象台,成都 610072

收稿日期:2020-03-27 修回日期:2021-01-12 出版日期:2021-05-10 发布日期:2021-05-10
通讯作者: 孙永健
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0301202);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2020YJ0411);四川省重点实验室科技发展基金资助项目(省重点实验室2018-重点-05-01);四川省学术和技术培养支持经费资助项目(川人社办发[2016]183号)

Relationship Between Canopy Microclimate at Grain Filling Stage and Rice Quality of Directly Seeded Rice Under Water and Nitrogen Interaction

Yunxia WU^1,², Changchun GUO¹, Yongjian SUN^1,^*(), Fangyan LIU¹, Zhiyuan YANG¹, Yuanyuan SUN³, Mingtian MA⁴, Jun MA¹

¹Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
²Management Committee of Luxian Modern Agricultural Park, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, Luxian 646100, China
³Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610072, China
⁴Sichuan Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu 610072, China

Received:2020-03-27 Revised:2021-01-12 Online:2021-05-10 Published:2021-05-10
Contact: Yongjian SUN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】结实期田间穗部冠层小气候是水稻生长发育最直接的微环境因子,水分和氮肥运筹通过影响水稻群体构建进而影响水稻田间冠层小气候,研究水氮互作对直播稻结实期冠层小气候及稻米品质的影响,可以丰富和完善直播稻水氮管理技术。【方法】以杂交稻F优498为试材,通过淹灌(W₁)、干湿交替(W₂)、旱种(W₃)3种灌水方式及底肥:蘖肥:穗肥质量比分别为5:3:2(N₁)、3:3:4(N₂)、3:1:6(N₃)3种氮肥运筹模式,研究水氮互作对直播稻灌浆结实期冠层温度、光照强度及稻米品质的影响;并探讨水氮互作下直播稻灌浆结实期穗部冠层小气候特征与米质的关系。【结果】水氮互作对稻米加工、外观及食味品质均存在显著或极显著的影响。各灌水方式在150 kg/hm²施氮量下,氮肥后移比例均以占总施氮量的20%最优,且与W₂处理耦合可进一步改善稻米品质。各灌溉方式下,氮肥后移比例增加到总量的60%时,会导致直播稻灌浆结实期温差、总温差、积温、有效积温、光照强度及米质下降。水氮互作下穗部冠层小气候与加工品质及蒸煮食味品质关系密切,温度对整精米率的影响大于光照强度,且有效积温与整精米率相关性最高;光照强度与稻米蒸煮食味品质的外观、口感以及综合评分关系最密切【结论】初步探明,水氮互作会通过改变直播稻冠层小气候进而影响稻米品质。可为直播稻提质丰产增效提供理论依据与实践基础。

关键词: 直播稻, 灌溉方式, 氮肥运筹, 冠层小气候, 米质

Abstract:

【Objective】Field canopy microclimate is the most direct environment factor for rice growth and development. The management of water and nitrogen fertilizer affects the growth of rice and thus affect the canopy microclimate of paddy field. Studying the effect of water and nitrogen interaction on the canopy microclimate during the seed-filling stage and rice quality of directly seeded rice can enrich and improve water and nitrogen management of the directly seeded rice. 【Method】With hybrid rice F You 498 as material, three irrigation treatments were designed including flooding (W₁), dry-wet alternate (W₂) and drying (W₃) as well as three N fertilizer application methods with basal fertilizer: fertilizer for tillering: topdressing for panicle initiation 5:3:2(N₁), 3:3:4(N₂) and 3:1:6(N₃), The effect of water and nitrogen interaction on canopy temperature, light intensity and rice quality of directly-seeded rice were analyzed during grain filling stage. The relationship between canopy microclimate and rice quality was also discussed. 【Result】The results showed that irrigation mode and N fertilization interactions had a significant or extremely significant effect on milling quality, appearance quality, and cooking and palatability of directly seeded rice. Under the conditions of 150 kg/hm²N application rate for each irrigation method, the most suitable panicle N-fertilizer level should account for 20% of total N. Coupled with W₂, it can further improve rice quality. The ratio of N-fertilizer for panicle initiation increased to 60%, leading to the decrease of daily temperature difference, total temperature difference, accumulated temperature, effective accumulated temperature, daily average light intensity and rice quality of directly seeded rice under irrigation. Under the interaction of water and N, the canopy microclimate in the field exerted the greatest impact on milling quality, and cooking and palatability of directly seeded rice. The effect of temperature on the head milled rice rate was greater than the light intensity, and the effective accumulated temperature had the highest correlation with head milled rice rate. Light intensity was the most closely related to the appearance, taste and comprehensive score of rice cooking and palatability quality. 【Conclusion】It is preliminarily proved that the interaction between water and nitrogen affects rice quality by changing the microclimate of the direct-seeded rice canopy. The results will lay a theoretical and practical basis for improvement of the quality and yield of direct-seeded rice.

Key words: directly seeded rice, water management mode, N fertilizer, canopy microclimate, rice quality

武云霞, 郭长春, 孙永健, 刘芳艳, 杨志远, 孙园园, 王明田, 马均. 水氮互作下直播稻结实期冠层小气候与米质的关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(3): 269-278.

Yunxia WU, Changchun GUO, Yongjian SUN, Fangyan LIU, Zhiyuan YANG, Yuanyuan SUN, Mingtian MA, Jun MA. Relationship Between Canopy Microclimate at Grain Filling Stage and Rice Quality of Directly Seeded Rice Under Water and Nitrogen Interaction[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(3): 269-278.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	日均温差 Daily average temperature difference/℃	总温差 Total temperature difference/℃	积温 Accumulated temperature/℃	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature/℃
W₁N₀	11.08±3.25	400.47±2.82	957.4±3.2	576.8±2.6
W₁N₁	10.42±1.08	402.47±1.93	961.4±1.4	582.4±1.2
W₁N₂	10.33±2.87	400.21±3.27	963.8±1.6	583.6±2.4
W₁N₃	8.27±1.55	336.89±4.87	947.6±2.7	556.3±1.6
W₂N₀	11.30±2.25	403.70±2.24	959.5±2.1	579.5±2.0
W₂N₁	10.83±2.48	411.54±3.26	963.3±2.2	583.3±1.9
W₂N₂	10.59±2.27	402.70±1.00	964.0±2.0	584.0±2.0
W₂N₃	8.94±2.03	339.47±1.64	949.8±1.9	568.8±1.8
W₃N₀	11.20±3.20	403.20±2.25	931.6±1.9	571.6±1.7
W₃N₁	10.75±3.11	408.50±2.56	951.3±1.9	581.3±1.8
W₃N₂	10.57±3.14	401.66±3.12	952.1±1.8	582.1±1.9
W₃N₃	9.42±3.18	339.12±2.64	878.8±1.6	518.8±1.9
W×N	5.02**	2.87*	2.68*	3.72*

处理 Treatment	日均温差 Daily average temperature difference/℃	总温差 Total temperature difference/℃	积温 Accumulated temperature/℃	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature/℃
W₁N₀	11.08±3.25	400.47±2.82	957.4±3.2	576.8±2.6
W₁N₁	10.42±1.08	402.47±1.93	961.4±1.4	582.4±1.2
W₁N₂	10.33±2.87	400.21±3.27	963.8±1.6	583.6±2.4
W₁N₃	8.27±1.55	336.89±4.87	947.6±2.7	556.3±1.6
W₂N₀	11.30±2.25	403.70±2.24	959.5±2.1	579.5±2.0
W₂N₁	10.83±2.48	411.54±3.26	963.3±2.2	583.3±1.9
W₂N₂	10.59±2.27	402.70±1.00	964.0±2.0	584.0±2.0
W₂N₃	8.94±2.03	339.47±1.64	949.8±1.9	568.8±1.8
W₃N₀	11.20±3.20	403.20±2.25	931.6±1.9	571.6±1.7
W₃N₁	10.75±3.11	408.50±2.56	951.3±1.9	581.3±1.8
W₃N₂	10.57±3.14	401.66±3.12	952.1±1.8	582.1±1.9
W₃N₃	9.42±3.18	339.12±2.64	878.8±1.6	518.8±1.9
W×N	5.02**	2.87*	2.68*	3.72*

灌水方式 Irrigation method	氮肥运筹比例Nitrogen application ratio	糙米率 Brown rice rate /%	整精米率 Head rice rate /%	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate /%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree /%	长宽比 Aspect ratio
W₁	N₀	80.44 b	62.47 bc	49.60 a	17.93 a	2.60 a
	N₁	81.08 a	63.65 ab	29.67 c	9.67 c	2.53 b
	N₂	81.23 a	62.01 c	33.87 b	12.90 b	2.60 a
	N₃	80.94 a	64.88 a	34.13 b	13.27 b	2.57 ab
	平均Average	80.92	63.25	36.82	13.44	2.57
W₂	N₀	80.26 ab	63.37 a	43.40 a	15.60 a	2.60 a
	N₁	82.05 a	64.18 a	27.63 c	9.60 c	2.53 b
	N₂	80.61 bc	63.05 a	32.40 b	10.63 b	2.57 ab
	N₃	81.17 ab	61.45 a	28.13 c	10.10 bc	2.53 b
	平均Average	81.02	62.49	32.80	11.48	2.56
W₃	N₀	79.31 b	63.05 a	50.37 a	17.37 a	2.53 a
	N₁	80.72 a	63.91 a	38.37 b	13.13 b	2.50 a
	N₂	80.90 a	64.09 a	30.93 c	10.07 c	2.50 a
	N₃	80.57 a	63.18 a	36.47 b	13.87 b	2.53 a
	平均Average	80.38	63.55	39.03	13.61	2.52
F值 F value	W	2.31	0.14	66.60**	12.13*	3.71
	N	43.99**	4.02**	284.03**	169.96**	2.12
	W×N	4.92**	2.72*	12.88**	15.05**	1.24

灌水方式 Irrigation method	氮肥运筹比例Nitrogen application ratio	糙米率 Brown rice rate /%	整精米率 Head rice rate /%	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate /%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree /%	长宽比 Aspect ratio
W₁	N₀	80.44 b	62.47 bc	49.60 a	17.93 a	2.60 a
	N₁	81.08 a	63.65 ab	29.67 c	9.67 c	2.53 b
	N₂	81.23 a	62.01 c	33.87 b	12.90 b	2.60 a
	N₃	80.94 a	64.88 a	34.13 b	13.27 b	2.57 ab
	平均Average	80.92	63.25	36.82	13.44	2.57
W₂	N₀	80.26 ab	63.37 a	43.40 a	15.60 a	2.60 a
	N₁	82.05 a	64.18 a	27.63 c	9.60 c	2.53 b
	N₂	80.61 bc	63.05 a	32.40 b	10.63 b	2.57 ab
	N₃	81.17 ab	61.45 a	28.13 c	10.10 bc	2.53 b
	平均Average	81.02	62.49	32.80	11.48	2.56
W₃	N₀	79.31 b	63.05 a	50.37 a	17.37 a	2.53 a
	N₁	80.72 a	63.91 a	38.37 b	13.13 b	2.50 a
	N₂	80.90 a	64.09 a	30.93 c	10.07 c	2.50 a
	N₃	80.57 a	63.18 a	36.47 b	13.87 b	2.53 a
	平均Average	80.38	63.55	39.03	13.61	2.52
F值 F value	W	2.31	0.14	66.60**	12.13*	3.71
	N	43.99**	4.02**	284.03**	169.96**	2.12
	W×N	4.92**	2.72*	12.88**	15.05**	1.24

灌水方式Irrigation method	氮肥运筹比例 Nitrogen application ratio	外观 Appearance	口感 Taste	综合评分 Comprehensive score	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡 Balance	弹性 Elasticity
W₁	N₀	8.89 a	8.59 a	88.50 a	7.57 a	0.21 d	0.030 d	0.750 a
	N₁	8.70 ab	8.47 a	86.67 a	6.16 b	0.27 c	0.043 c	0.713 b
	N₂	8.53 b	8.17 b	80.00 b	7.00 a	0.51 a	0.073 a	0.735 a
	N₃	7.87 c	7.40 c	77.67 c	7.45 a	0.43 b	0.057 b	0.703 b
	平均Average	8.50	8.15	83.21	7.05	0.35	0.051	0.725
W₂	N₀	8.67 a	8.68 a	87.67 a	6.40 a	0.37 a	0.060 a	0.685 b
	N₁	8.67 a	8.43 a	86.33 a	6.58 a	0.30 b	0.047 b	0.755 a
	N₂	7.95 b	7.90 b	79.67 b	7.20 a	0.37 a	0.060 a	0.750 a
	N₃	7.90 b	7.63 bc	78.00 b	6.94 a	0.33 ab	0.050 ab	0.733 a
	平均Average	8.30	8.16	82.92	6.78	0.34	0.054	0.731
W₃	N₀	8.73 a	8.53 a	87.50 a	6.56 ab	0.37 ab	0.057 a	0.710 bc
	N₁	8.05 b	7.93 b	83.33 b	6.29 b	0.32 b	0.055 a	0.745 a
	N₂	7.87 b	7.63 bc	78.00 c	7.60 a	0.41 a	0.055 a	0.740 ab
	N₃	7.80 b	7.53 c	77.67 c	6.59 ab	0.39 a	0.060 a	0.690 c
	平均Average	8.11	7.91	81.63	6.76	0.37	0.057	0.721
F值 F value	W	8.79*	1.98	3.65	1.69	0.93	1.09	1.29
	N	30.36**	55.01**	61.01**	2.84	22.73**	5.79**	5.75**
	W×N	3.17*	2.70*	3.71*	1.33	10.43**	5.44**	4.82**

水氮互作下直播稻结实期冠层小气候与米质的关系

Relationship Between Canopy Microclimate at Grain Filling Stage and Rice Quality of Directly Seeded Rice Under Water and Nitrogen Interaction

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Metrics

灌浆结实期冠层小气候 Canopy microclimate at grain filling stage	糙米率 Brown rice rate /%	整精米率 Head rice rate /%	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree/%	外观 Appearance	口感 Taste	综合评分 Comprehensive score
日均温差 Daily average temperature difference/℃	0.28	0.70**	-0.50*	-0.45*	0.74**	0.78**	0.81**
总温差 Total temperature difference/℃	0.07	0.71**	0.23	0.10	0.66**	0.73**	0.75**
有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature/℃	0.08	0.78**	-0.15	0.03	0.56*	0.65**	0.65**
日均光照强度 Daily average light intensity/Lx	-0.05	0.17	-0.43*	-0.42*	0.81**	0.77**	0.84**

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