滴灌条件下不同价态外源硒对水稻硒吸收及转运的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过田间小区试验,研究外源硒酸盐及亚硒酸盐施入滴灌稻田中对土壤中不同价态硒含量及其生物有效性的影响,旨在为滴灌条件下富硒水稻的开发提供理论依据。方法以水稻品种T-43为材料,硒肥为亚硒酸盐与硒酸盐,施硒量为0.3、0.6、1.2 kg/hm²。结果研究结果表明,施肥后1 d硒酸盐1.2 kg/hm²处理土壤中可溶态硒含量最高,比对照高了340%;可交换态硒、铁氧化物态硒及有机态硒含量在施肥后4 d亚硒酸盐1.2 kg/hm²处理最高,较对照分别提高了380%、56%、59%,硒酸盐处理铁氧化物态硒及有机态硒含量增加不显著,说明硒酸盐主要以可溶态硒存在,而亚硒酸盐主要以可交换态硒存在,并且由可溶态转化为其他形态,因此降低了其有效性。对水稻的根、茎、叶及籽粒硒含量分析后发现,亚硒酸盐处理的籽粒和叶中的硒含量显著低于硒酸盐处理,而其根部硒含量显著大于硒酸盐处理,茎部硒含量无显著差异,且亚硒酸盐处理的根部硒累积量均大于硒酸盐处理。结论说明施用亚硒酸盐大部分积累在水稻根部,硒酸盐处理的地上部硒累积量大于亚硒酸盐处理,同时,硒酸盐处理的根系吸收系数、初级转运系数、次级转运系数均大于亚硒酸盐处理,说明亚硒酸盐大部分积累在水稻根部且向地上部转运较难,硒酸盐随水滴施的生物有效性高于亚硒酸盐。

关键词: 硒酸盐, 亚硒酸盐, 水稻, 生物有效性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To lay a theoretical base for the development of selenium-enriched rice, a field plot experiment was performed to study the effects of selenate and selenite on selenium transformation and bioavailability under drip irrigation. 【Method】The experiment consisted of two factors: (i) amount of Se fertilizer (0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 kg/hm²), (ii) type of Se fertilizer (selenate and selenite). 【Result】The results indicated that selenate application at the level of 1.2 kg/hm² resulted in the highest soluble selenium concentration one day after fertilization (340% higher than control), 1.2 kg/hm² selenite application resulted in the highest exchangeable selenium, Fe oxide-bound selenium and organic matter-bound selenium concentrations four days after fertilization (380%, 56%, 59% higher than control). It could be seen that selenate mainly existed in soluble form in soil, while selenite could be transformed from the soluble form to other three forms, which decreased its bioavailability. We found that under selenite treatment selenium concentration in leaves and seeds was significantly lower than that under selenate treatment. However,under selenite treatment, the selenium content in root was significantly higher than that under selenate treatment. 【Conclusion】The selenium accumulations in shoot and root of rice were significantly higher under selenate treatments than those under the selenite treatments. Compared with the selenate treatment, absorption index, primary transport index and secondary transport index were lower in the selenite treatment. In conclusion, selenite has higher bioavailability than selenite in drip irrigation.

Key words: selenite, selenate, rice, bioavailability

中图分类号:

张栋, 史力超, 冶军, 侯振安, 王存虎, 吴永海. 滴灌条件下不同价态外源硒对水稻硒吸收及转运的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(1): 65-71.

Dong ZHAND, Lichao SHI, Jun YE, Zhen’an HOU, Cunhu WANG, Yonghai WU. Effects of Selenium Valence on Its Uptake and Translocation in Rice Under Drip Irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(1): 65-71.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	施硒量 Selenium application level / (kg·hm^-2)	硒含量 Selenium content /(mg·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	施硒量 Selenium application level / (kg·hm^-2)	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	籽粒 Grain
对照 CK	0	0.156±0.024 d	0.063±0.003 c	0.109±0.006 d	0.024±0.003 f
硒酸盐Selenate	0.3	0.279±0.003 c	0.083±0.004 c	0.189±0.015 b	0.078±0.005 c
	0.6	0.255±0.016 c	0.116±0.006 b	0.203±0.019 b	0.106±0.002 b
	1.2	0.345±0.026 b	0.221±0.003 a	0.301±0.003 a	0.162±0.009 a
亚硒酸盐Selenite	0.3	0.300±0.009 bc	0.067±0.011 c	0.097±0.006 d	0.046±0.002 e
	0.6	0.419±0.007 a	0.134±0.008 b	0.142±0.010 c	0.062±0.002 d
	1.2	0.460±0.025 a	0.205±0.019 a	0.143±0.006 c	0.076±0.001 c
两因素方差分析 (F值) Two-way ANOVA (F value)
不同价态硒(Se) Different valence of Se		101.60^*	0.88ⁿ	339.30^*	533.21^*
施硒量(C) Selenium content		195.81^*	324.16^*	130.20^*	515.84^*
Se×C		27.12^*	4.77ⁿ	61.25^*	103.87^*

处理 Treatment	施硒量 Selenium application level / (kg·hm^-2)	硒含量 Selenium content /(mg·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	施硒量 Selenium application level / (kg·hm^-2)	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	籽粒 Grain
对照 CK	0	0.156±0.024 d	0.063±0.003 c	0.109±0.006 d	0.024±0.003 f
硒酸盐Selenate	0.3	0.279±0.003 c	0.083±0.004 c	0.189±0.015 b	0.078±0.005 c
	0.6	0.255±0.016 c	0.116±0.006 b	0.203±0.019 b	0.106±0.002 b
	1.2	0.345±0.026 b	0.221±0.003 a	0.301±0.003 a	0.162±0.009 a
亚硒酸盐Selenite	0.3	0.300±0.009 bc	0.067±0.011 c	0.097±0.006 d	0.046±0.002 e
	0.6	0.419±0.007 a	0.134±0.008 b	0.142±0.010 c	0.062±0.002 d
	1.2	0.460±0.025 a	0.205±0.019 a	0.143±0.006 c	0.076±0.001 c
两因素方差分析 (F值) Two-way ANOVA (F value)
不同价态硒(Se) Different valence of Se		101.60^*	0.88ⁿ	339.30^*	533.21^*
施硒量(C) Selenium content		195.81^*	324.16^*	130.20^*	515.84^*
Se×C		27.12^*	4.77ⁿ	61.25^*	103.87^*

处理 Treatment	吸收系数 Absorption index	初级转运系数 Primary transport index	次级转运系数 Secondary transport index
CK	0.581±0.009 d	0.457±0.003 c	0.350±0.007 c
S0.3	0.841±0.011 ab	0.487±0.008 c	0.575±0.006 b
S0.6	0.853±0.008 ab	0.600±0.010 b	0.693±0.004 a
S1.2	0.922±0.005 a	0.759±0.008 a	0.623±0.007 ab
Y0.3	0.717±0.003 c	0.256±0.008 e	0.317±0.006 c
Y0.6	0.800±0.009 bc	0.329±0.009 d	0.331±0.010 c
Y1.2	0.860±0.004 ab	0.365±0.008 d	0.373±0.009 c

处理 Treatment	吸收系数 Absorption index	初级转运系数 Primary transport index	次级转运系数 Secondary transport index
CK	0.581±0.009 d	0.457±0.003 c	0.350±0.007 c
S0.3	0.841±0.011 ab	0.487±0.008 c	0.575±0.006 b
S0.6	0.853±0.008 ab	0.600±0.010 b	0.693±0.004 a
S1.2	0.922±0.005 a	0.759±0.008 a	0.623±0.007 ab
Y0.3	0.717±0.003 c	0.256±0.008 e	0.317±0.006 c
Y0.6	0.800±0.009 bc	0.329±0.009 d	0.331±0.010 c
Y1.2	0.860±0.004 ab	0.365±0.008 d	0.373±0.009 c

处理 Treatment	单株成穗数 Panicle number per plant	每穗粒数 Grain numbers per panicle	千粒重 Thousand grain weight /g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	11.3±0.6 a	114.7±0.6 a	22.6±0.3 a	10 110±248.5 a
S0.3	11.3±0.6 a	116.3±0.6 a	22.4±0.6 a	10 179±233.8 a
S0.6	12.0±1.0 a	114.0±2.0 a	21.7±1.2 a	10 193±291.9 a
S1.2	11.3±0.6 a	117.0±1.0 a	22.4±0.2 a	10 202±242.0 a
Y0.3	11.3±0.6 a	116.0±1.0 a	22.3±1.0 a	10 084±241.2 a
Y0.6	11.3±0.6 a	114.3±1.2 a	22.9±0.2 a	10 201±312.4 a
Y1.2	11.7±0.6 a	116.3±1.5 a	21.8±0.1 a	10 200±338.0 a