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15 April 1989, Volume 3 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
实验技术
研究简报


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研究报告

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A Trial of Introducing Upland Crops and Its Multiple Cropping Rotation on Paddy Fields Fei Huailin,Wang Deren,Ying Jifeng,Chen Bin 1989, 3(1): 1-10 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (487KB) ( )   The throughout 4-year site-oriented cropping system trial was composed of 9 crops with 9 different cropping patterns,forming biennial multiple cropping and rotation systems of 6 groups.The experiment showed that the local cropping system played important role in the production of cereal,forage,oil,organic manure,and protein.But the low benefit of mono- cereal cropping structure is their main weak point which are unfavourable for providing plentiful agricultural products and improving the physical character of soil.It has been found that social economic,and ecological benefit and effect could be increased significantly by introducing spring and autumn upland crops into the cropping system,combining cereal crops with forage and cash crops,and practicing the biennial multiple cropping and rotation systems of“3 rice crops and 3 upland crops”and arranging them rationally.In addition,using computer and simulation technique,the optimum cropping patterns structure for small-scale farmer was ofonclick="SelectDisplayDiv('EnDivSummaryMoreSummary','EnDivSummaryMore');DisplaySpanDiv('EnDivSummaryHuanYuan')">...更多fered in this paper.

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Rice Blast in Pure and Mixed Stands of Rice Varieties (in English) Zhuge Genzhang,J M Bonman 1989, 3(1): 11-16 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (181KB) ( )   Rice blast disease in the host populations of pure and mixed stands of rice varieties was studied and described. The severity of disease on different test varieties was related to the structure of the host community. Disease on the trap plants exposed in pure stands differed significantly with the varieties and was most severe on the corresponding ones while in mixed stands of the varieties the disease was reduced markedly on all the component. This may be due to the fact that the population of the same host genotype with vertical resistance copld induce the development of compatible pathogen population causing severe disease damage while the incompatible pathogen population on the different host genotype was suppressed resulting in the less disease.

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Effect of Cool Temperature in Autumn on the Seed-set Percentage of Rice and the Relevant Temperature Index Wang Zhaoqian,Pan Deyun 1989, 3(1): 17-22 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   The main objective of the experiment is to study the effect of cool temperature on the percentage of filled grains of rice. The results showed that daily mean temperature is the main temperature index; daily minimum temperature is the supplementary index during meiosis stage; and daily maximum temperature is the supplementary index during flowering stage.If the adverse effect of cool temperature during sensitive stages was serious,the effects could be accumulated.It would be better to calculate the critical cool temperature during flow- ering stage for both Japonica and Indica type of rice by using the average temperature value of successive three days. The critical values of cool temperature for early-maturing Indica, hybrid Indica, medium-maturing and late-maturing Japonica type of rices at flowering stage had been suggested. When rice was treated by the same.daily mean temperature but with dif- ferent range of temperature in a day at flowering stage, the percentage of filled grains was lowonclick="SelectDisplayDiv('EnDivSummaryMoreSummary','EnDivSummaryMore');DisplaySpanDiv('EnDivSummaryHuanYuan')"> if the temperature difference was too small or large.Among the meteological factors affecting the percentage of filled grains, temperature is the most important one;sunlight did not significantly affect it under cool temperature condition,but it negatively correlated with the percentage of filled grains under normal temperature condition. The relationship between the seed-set percentage and rainfall was not significant.

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Hormone Control of Leaf Angle in Rice Plants and Its Approach Jiang Kaisheng,Cao Xianzu,Zhu Qingsen 1989, 3(1): 23-28 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (384KB) ( )   The relationship between the leaf angle of different rice varieties and fertilizer treatments and the levels of endogenous zeatin and gibberellin were studied. The results showed that,when the level of endogenous zeatin was lower and gibberellin higher,the leaf angle was larger,and vice versa. This was further proved by an additional experiment applying exogenous zeatin and gibberellin.The leaf angle was also significantly affected by spraying auxin,MET and TIBA.It was also observed that,when the rice plant had higher contents of structural and storage substances in leaves and sheaths,and well-developed mechanical structure in leaves and lamina joints, the leaf angle was decreased,and vice versa. On the basis of the similar effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones, it was concluded that phytohormones affected the leaf angle through changing the contents of structural substances and the mechanical structure.

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Effects of Silica on the Resistance to Rice Blast and on Increasing Grain Yield in Mountainous and Semi-mountainous Areas Qi Suichu 1989, 3(1): 29-34 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (439KB) ( )   Silica is necessary for rice to grow healthfully.It has been proven by field experiments conducted in different places for seven years that silica shows significant effects on paddy rice to increase disease resistance and grain yield, it increased on average by 21.5% or 45.8kg/mu in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas where rice suffers from rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) caused by silica-deficiency. The results also show that silica is one of the foundations for increasing fertilizer (N) application and grain yield. Therefore,silica application has special significance and urgency for rice production in those areas.

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Effect of Medium Compohents on Multiplication of Adventitious Bud Clusters in Rapid Test-tube Propagation of Autotetraploid Rice Clones Xiao Shuansuo,Bao Wenkui 1989, 3(1): 35-39 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (257KB) ( )   The main results are summarized as follows: (1) KT 11.57mg/1 (KT/NAA 1000) is essential for the induction of adventitious buds on the tube-plantlets of autotetraploid rice clones.Maximum induction and propagation of adventitious buds occurred in response to KT- 23.20mg/1 (KT/NAA=2000) level. (2) Different nitrogen and phosphorus levels have strong influence on the propagation of tube-plantlets. The best combination is 10100mg/1 KNO3+ 1320mg/1 (NH4)2SO4(total net N is 120mmol/1 and NO3--N/NH4+-N ratio is 5) and 1190mg/1 KH2PO4. (3) The additional nutrient solution CLN Ⅱ (consisting of 23.20mg/1 KT, 0.01mg/1 NAA, 800mg/1 LH organic supplements and Fe salts of MS)could induce a dramatical number of plantlets when added into culture vessels on the tenth day after transferring.(4) The uptake of sucrose by tube-plantlets was related with KT level.The consuming-rate of sucrose reaches the maximum value (85.5%) under condition of 23.20mg/1 KT+ 0.01mg/1 NAA in our test.

实验技术

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Preservation Technique of Pyricularia oryzae Conidia Sun Guochang,Shen Zongtan,Sun Shuyuan,Tao Rongxiang,Shi De 1989, 3(1): 40-43 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (161KB) ( )   Freshly produced conidia were collected from barley grain medium by washing with distilled water, the spore suspension is filtered onto filter paper in a funnal, dried at 30-35℃, and stored in desiccator at indoor, 4℃ and -20℃.The conidia retained their original level of viability and pathogenicity after 10 months indoor,there are further preservation times at 4℃ and -20℃. Thus,the problem is solved that culture rice seedling can not synchronize with sporulation culture of blast fungus during the artifical inoculation.

研究简报

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Analysis of F1 Heterosis between Wide Compatibility Variety 02428and Indica Varieties Qi Yuntian,Hu Changhong,Pan Qimin 1989, 3(1): 44-46 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (187KB) ( )