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10 January 1993, Volume 7 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
学术讨论
研究简讯
实验技术
研究简报
研究简讯
研究简报


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研究报告

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The Relationship between Ethylene and Fertility Change of Photopenod-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice (PGMR) Luo Bingshan,Li Dehong,Qu Yanlan,Nie Xianzhou,Liu Daohong 1993, 7(1): 1-6 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (459KB) ( )   The relationship between ethylene metabolism and the fortility change of PGMR Nongken 58S was studied. It was discovered that ethylene release rate of young panicles in long day (LD) was higher than that in short day (SD)with a suitable temperature range of fertility change. In LD and lower temperature (≈25℃ ), the ethylene release rate was low, but in SD and high temperature (≈32℃), the ethylene release rate was high. The ethylene release rate of young panicle was negatively correlated with pollen fertility. When the plants were treated with aminoethoxy vinylglyeine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, an obvious increase of pollen fertility was observed in sterile condition. These results indicated that ethylene release rate was regulated by photoperiod and temperature, which was consensus with the model of light-temperature action in fertility change. Ethylene was involved in the regulation of fertility change, and may played a key role in the process of pollen sterility. Aminoethoxy vinylglycine: Ethylene; Fertility change: Photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile rice (PGMR)

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Effect of wx Gene on Mature Embryo Culture Ability in Waxy and Non-waxy Isogenic Rice Lines Zheng Lou,Xi Yong'an,Lin Yizi 1993, 7(1): 7-10 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (223KB) ( )   Six waxy and non-waxy isogenic lines (3 indica and 3 japonica) were nsed to analyse the effect of wx gene on mature embryo culture ability in rice. It was found that the differences of the callus induced percentage and its growth rate between waxy and non-waxy isogenic lines were significant and even higher in indica than in japonica. The significant difference of green plantlet redifferentiation percentage was also found between waxy and non-waxy isogenic lines, but the wx gene have a different effect on callus induced percentage and growth rate as well as on green plantlet redifferentiation percentage. The amylose content was not related to the callus induced percentage, growth rate or green plantlet redifferentiation percentage. It is suggested that the wx gene has a multiple actions such as controlling the amylose content, promoting the callus induced percentage and growth rate and reducing the green plantlet redifferentiation percentage.

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The Relationship between Wide Compatibility and Restorability in Rice Cui Jie,Yang Zhenyu,Gao Yong 1993, 7(1): 11-16 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (399KB) ( )   A total of 32 rice varieties were crossed to testers Akthikari A, B and Pinggai A, B to determine their compatibility and restoration types by examming the feitility in all F1 hybrids. The pedigrees of Pei'ai 64 and Pei C312 were also analysed. It was found that these varieties could roughly be grouped into three categories: the widely compatible restorer line, the unwidely compatible reserer line, and the widely compatible variety(line). The gene for wide compatibility was different from that for restorability. which means that they can be recombined each other to form widely compatible restorer lines. Moreover. some new widely compatible restorer lines widely compatible varieties(lines) were found, and an inter-subspecies cross Pinggai A /DT713 with highly significant heterosis was developed.

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The Location of the Dwarf Gene in Rice Variety Xueheaizao Lin Hongxuan,Xiong Zhenmin,Min Shaokai,Wu Mingguo,Yu Guilin 1993, 7(1): 17-20 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (204KB) ( )   The research deals with the relation of the dwarf gene sd-s(t) presenting in Yunnan rice variety Xueheaizao, with 20 known dwarf genes and 2 marker genes gh-1 and st-2 in linkage group Ⅳ+Ⅸ. The results indicated that sd-s(t) was nonallellc to the following dwarf genes: d-2, d-3, d-6, d-7, d-10, d-11, d-12, d-13, d-14, d-17, d-18h, d-19, d-27, d-30, d-35, d-42, d-47, d-51, d-52, but possibly a multiple allele to d-1. It suggests that the gene symbol sd-s (t) be renamed as d-1x. The dominance order of these multiple alleles is+>d-1x>d-1. The recombination value between d-1x and gh-1 is 33%+5.6%, that between d-1x and st-2 is 23%±6.1%, while a 48%+4.7% recombination occurs between gh-1 and st-2, indicating that d-1x locus is between gh-1 and st-2 loci in linkage group Ⅵ+Ⅸ.

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Yield Loss Caused by Whitebacked Planthopper and Its Economic Threshold at Heading Stage of Early Rice Ye Zhengxiang,Qin Houguo,Huang Ronghua,Li Hua 1993, 7(1): 21-24 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (262KB) ( )   The cage experiment indicated that the relationship between the yield loss (Y) and the number of whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera per hill (X) at the heading stage of early rice coincided with the following equation: Y=14.0835+10.9425X±28.95. The main reason of yield loss was the increase of the rate of unfilled gram in intested rice. According to the present price of grain and the control cost etc., the economic threshold of S. furcifera was about 12-16 nymphs per hill, which was verified to accord with the practice basically in the field.

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The Regulation of JA-Me on the Translocation of Assimilates of Hybrid Rice Li Nianghui,Chen Rumin,Pan Ruichi,Liu Zhensheng 1993, 7(1): 25-29 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (285KB) ( )   The effects of 10-30 mg·kg-1 Jasmoic acid-methyl ester (JA-Me) on the uptake of 32P and 15N, translocation of assimilates, net photosynthetic rate and grain yield of hybrid rice D-you 63 were studied. The experimental results showed that the uptake of 32P and 15N of hybrid rice D-you 63 were promoted by JA-Me. JA-Me increased net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and translocation of assimilates from flag leaf to panicle. JA-Me also increased the hybrid rice grain yield by 8.6 percent as compared with control. These suggested that low concentration JA-Me was a promoter for assimilation.

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Optimal Characters of High-Yield Varieties in Early Rice Zhou Qingming,Kang Chunlin,Yin Dade,Jiang Zuosheng,Fu Jun,Li Juan 1993, 7(1): 30-36 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (510KB) ( )   Based on the two years(1989-1990) experimental data, stepwise analysis and path analysis were conducted for the breeding values of 193 characters of 19 early indica and 8 early japonica high-yield varieties. Theresuits indicate: 1) There are all 10 optimal characters such as grain and straw ratio, biological yield per plant, residual rate of green leaf in full ripening stage, CO2 concentration between cells of flag leaf at dough stage in early indica high-yield varieties. The forecast correctness rate of regression equation set up by the 10 optimal characters are all above 93.8%; 2) There are all 7 optimal characters such as maximum leaf length in transplanting, diameter of the second internode from the top in main stem in early japonica high-yield varieties. The forecast correctness rates of regression equation set up by the 7 optimal characters are all above 97.47%, 3) Broad heritabilities of 3 optimal characters are above 0.92 and of the rest are between 0.50 to 0.76. The action mechanism of the important optimal characters especially upon grain yield are also discussed.

学术讨论

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Ponder on the Origin of Rice Cultivation You Xiuling 1993, 7(1): 37-42 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (515KB) ( )   The author puts forwards a series of questions on the origin of rice cultivation, including the debate between the mono-centre and multi-centres of the origin of rice; the question of how the cultivated rice was evolved from wild rice; the contradiction between the archaeological excavation and the transmission route of rice; the question of the origin Of indica type and japonica type, as well as the paddy rice and upland rice, etc. In the meanwhile, the author gives his own viewpoint about these questions for exchange and further investigation.

研究简讯

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Evaluation of Guangdong Wild Rice Germplasm for Resistance to Whitebacked Planthopper Tan Yujuan,Zhang Yang,Pan Ying,Liu Xuezhen,Chen Jinde 1993, 7(1): 42-42 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (55KB) ( )

实验技术

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A Method for the Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis of Rice Proteins Yang Wei,Bi Xuezhi,Huang Danian,Xiao Yuhua 1993, 7(1): 43-47 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (674KB) ( )   An improved procedure for the two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins from rice (Oryza sativa L.)is presented based on the methods of O'Farrell (1975) and Anderson (1978). The two-dimensional separation of proteins from different tissues including seed embryo, etiolated bud, green seedling and mature leaf provides distinct and steady results, and the number of protein (peptide) spots detected after coomassie brilliant blue R-250 staining with about 200 μg of proteins from these tissues are up to 550. 500 and 350, respectively. This method will be suitable for the identification of rice germplasm and can also be used to study systematically the genetics and developmental physiology of rice and other cereals at molecular level.

研究简报

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Regulating the Fertility of the Genetic Male-sterile Lines by Fertile Regulator FR1 Huang Qunce,Xiang Maocheng,Liu Wenhai,Li Shigui 1993, 7(1): 48-50 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (220KB) ( )   The experimental result showed that FR1, a new fertile regulator, had obvious effect on the fertility change of CIS28-10 and Pei'ai 64S, but no effect to V20A. The effect of 200 mg/ kg FR1 was best. The panicle development stage most sensitive to the regulator was on the reduction division stage of pollen mother cell and the effect of the regulator in autumn was more obvious than in summer. It suggested that FR1 might be used to change the genetic male-sterile materials into fertile one so that more self-fertilized seeds could been obtained. which may be a new pathway for utilization of genetic male-sterile rice.

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Changes of Superoxide Anion Radicals and Superoxide Dismutase Activity During Senescence of Flag Leaf in Hybrid Rice Wu Rongsheng,Jiao Demao,Li Huangzhen,Yan Jingxiu,Tong Hongyu 1993, 7(1): 51-54 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (283KB) ( )   The O2- production, scavenging capacity, photooxidation, protein content, and SOD activity were studied in leaves of Yayou 2 (indica-japonica hybrid rice) and Shanyou 63 (indica hybrid rice) at filling stage. It was shown that protein content decreased gradually with days of heading in two varieties in natural condition, and the decrease in Shanyou 63 was more than that in Yayou 2. The rate of O2- production and SOD activity increased from heading to 20 days after heading, then decreases but still maintained certain levels until 30 days after heading in two varieties. O2- production rate in Shanyou 63 was more than that of Yayou 2, but SOD activity was contrary in two varieties. In addition, the change of O2- and SOD under photooxidation condition was consistent with the tendency above under natural condition. It was also shown that there was negative correlation between protein degradation and O2- / SOD in the process of senescence in flag leaves after 20 days of heading. It is suggested that O2-/SOD could be used as an index of scavenging ability for O2- during senescence in rice.

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Limit Action on Soil Microbe and Effect on Rice Production by Butachlor-Fertilizer Yu Liuqing,Zhang Lei,He Shengyue,Zhu Zhigao 1993, 7(1): 55-57 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (172KB) ( )   There were two effects i. e. weed control and increasing field fertility, and obtaining 33% grain yield increase when Butachlor-Fertilizer(BF) was applied in transplanting rice. The reproductive capacity and concentration of soil ammoniated bacteria was limited and reduced significantly by BF of 112.5kg/ha. It was the most serious limit on soil microbial population when the BF applied during 7-14 days alter treatment (DAT). However, soil ammoniated bacteria recovered their reproduction at 28 DAT.

研究简讯

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Good Quality Hybrid Rice——Youza 1 Yu Zhaokai,Tu Zengping,Lin Xiuzhen,Cai Weijuan 1993, 7(1): 57-57 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (83KB) ( )

研究简报

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Relationship between Different Resistant Varieties and Rice Stripe Disease Gao Dongming,Qin Wensheng,Li Aimin,Chen Hongfang 1993, 7(1): 58-60 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (174KB) ( )   Rice stripe viruses (RSV) were inoculated into grain buds of resistant and susceptible varieties with Laodelphax striatallus, 70% of which is viruliferous. It takes three days for resistant varieties to reach almost the highest disease incidences and only two days for the susceptible. At 27-30℃, the disease latent periods of resistant varieties are 10-13 days, the initial and the final disease incidences are 3%-4% and 25%-35%, respectively. These of susceptible varieties are only 5-6 days, their initial and final disease incidences are 28%-33% and 87%-100%, respectively. The susceptible varieties are apt to die and the resistant ones are not when infected by viruses.