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10 July 1998, Volume 12 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究快报
研究报告
综述与专论
实验技术
研究简报


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研究快报

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Transformation of Haploid Indica Rice Shoots with Snowdrop Lectin Gene(GNA) by Agrobacterium-Mediated Yang Changdeng,Tang Kexuan,Wu Lianbin,Li Yao,Zhao Chengzhang,Liu Guangjie,Shen Daleng 1998, 12(3): 129-133 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (450KB) ( )   The haploid indica rice shoots from 15-day-old in subculture were infected with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 that contained snowdrop lectin gene(GNA) and npt-Ⅱ gene. G418-resistant (G418R) shoots weredirectly produced from shoots on shoot reproduction medium supplemented with G418 and Cefotax. Shoots were cultured on rooting medium, that resulted in G418R plantlets production. PCR analysis verified that GNA gene had already been in the cell of transgenic plants. The evaluation on resistance to brown planthopper(BPH) indicated that the transgenic plantlets have the resistance to BPH. Effect of G418 on the haploid shoots and duration of co-culturetime on G418R production were also analysed.

研究报告

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Combining Ability Analysis for Grain Yield Stability in Hybrid Rice Jiang Kaifeng,Zheng Jiakui,Zeng Dechu,Kuang Haochi,Xie Rong,Zeng Xianping,Shao Qiming,Wu Fan 1998, 12(3): 134-138 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (233KB) ( )   Based on the data from incomplete diallel crossing at 4 different experiment sites, the combining ability for grain yield stability in hybrid rice and relationships between grain yield and its stability were analysed by AMMI model. There were interaction effects between sites and both grain yields of combinations and their combining ability of parents. The relationships between grain yields of combinations or combining ability of parents and its stability were not significant at 5 % or 1 % level. The grain yield stability in hybrid rice was controlled by general combining ability (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) of parents, and GCA was more important than SCA.Breeding hybrid rice combination with high stability of grain yield needs at least one parent with higher GCA for stability.

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Comprehensive Analysis of Quality Characteristics of Early Season Indica Rice Cultivars Recently Tested in Zhejiang Province Guo Yinyan,Zhang Yunkang,Yang Zuodong,Hu Binmin,Chen Kunrong 1998, 12(3): 139-143 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (374KB) ( )   The relative significance of genotype, test site, genotype×site interaction effects on 11 quality characteristics were analyzed with the data collected from 13 early season indica rice cultivars tested at 6 trial sites of the Regional Trial of Zhejiang Province in 1995. The results showed that except head rice recovery, all the quality characteristics were predominantly conditioned by genotype effect, with the most significance on amylose content, gel consistency, grain shape. Head rice recovery was mostly conditioned by environment effect. Gelatinization temperature, chalkiness area, chalkiness rate, brown rice rate and milled rice recovery were also influenced by environmental effect to a certain degree. When genotype× environment interaction effect is decomposed into interaction effect of each cultivar tested, it is found that there exist genotype ×environment interaction effects on head rice recovery, chalkiness area and gel temperature of some cultivars.

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Differences and Correlation Between Seed-Setting Rate and Some Physiological Traits in Rice Yang Congdang,Zhou Neng,Yuan Pingrong,He Qingrui 1998, 12(3): 144-148 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (359KB) ( )   Field experiments were conducted at Taoyuan township, Yunnan Province, China in 1995 and 1996. Some high yielding rice cultivars (IR65598, IR59682, IR65467, IR72, Shanyou 63, Guichao 2 ) were grown under optimum crop management to achieve maximum yield. The seed-setting rate was increased with the increase of biomass-spikelet ratio and decreased with the increase of spikelet-leaf ratio, total spikelet number and specific leafweight at flowering stage. During flowering to maturity seed-setting rate was raised by the increase of matter of transport. At maturity stage yield and harvest index were improved by raised seed-setting rate, and biomassspikelet ratio.

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Plant Diversity Research in Rice Field Habitat Yu Liuqing,Lu Yongliang,Wang Mingyao,Zhang Xiufu,Huang Shiwen,Xu Qing 1998, 12(3): 149-154 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (380KB) ( )   Plant diversity in rice field habitat was investigated between two villages at Yushanwu where ricefields were irrigated with spotless water, and at Chengbei where rice fields were irrigated with polluted water by industrial waste. Application of herbicides to paddy field at Yushanwu was widespread which resulted in less weed species than that at Chengbei. Murdannia triquetra became a major species in paddy field at Yushanwu. Salvinianatans and Niteua acuminata etc. have been protected because of less herbicides use and lowland environments in Chengbei. The plant species of ridges in Yushanwu were more than those in Chengbei where the waste water tolerant plant Alternanthera philoxeroides has spread and became a troublesome weed species so that some plants thatfailed to compete with it have disappeared. Plant species in irrigation canals and ditches were different between two villages, Spirogyra sp. developed in Yushanwu and Ceratophyllum demersum grew in Chengbei.

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Insecticidal Effects of Paddy Field Fungicides on Nymphs of Rice Brown Planthopper Chen Jianming,Yu Xiaoping,Lu Zhongxian,Zheng Xusong 1998, 12(3): 155-158 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (158KB) ( )   Eight common paddy field fungicides with five different concentrations were used to analyse their insecticidal effects and toxic determination on 2nd - 3rd instar nymphs of brown planthopper (BPH). 40% IBP EChad obvious insecticidal effects on 2nd-3rd instar nymphs of BPH at the concentration of 656. 25 mL/hm2. 20% Tolclofos-methyl EC also had a significant killing role from the 3rd day at 750 mL/hm2; 25% Yekuling WP (9 kg/hm2 ). 5% Jinggangmycin SP (7. 5 L/hm2). 20% Tricyllazole WP (6 kg/hm2) and 20% Yeqingshuang WP (6 kg/hm2) had no obvious insecticidal role to 2nd-3rd nymphs of BPH at the 1st day after spraying, but had greater insecticidal effect from the 3rd day on. While there are no siginificant mortality of BPH after spraying 75% Chlorothalonil WP and 50% Carbendazin WP at above five concentrations. The result of toxic regression expressionof the 40% IBP EC to 2nd- 3rd nymphs of BPH was determined.

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Active Oxygen Reaction During Early Stage of Interaction Between Zhenshan 97 Male Sterile Cytoplasm Rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Kong Fanming,Xu Zhigang,Ma Chunhong,Wei Jiankun 1998, 12(3): 159-164 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (295KB) ( )   Early responses of interaction between two kinds of cytoplasms(male sterile and normal) of Zhenshan 97 and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) were surveyed. There have been much superoxide anion (O2-) produced in interaction systems during the primary stage of plant-pathogen interaction. Subsequently, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were stimulated and elevated in activities, and content of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) were raised. Induced effect of specific strain Ah28 on active oxygen metabolism (AOM) of Zhenshan 97 male sterile cytoplasm were very different from its normal cytoplasm. The former (compatible system) was remarkably lower than the latter (incompatible system) in metabolic level. However, induced effect of nonspecific strain Os14 had no obvious difference between two kinds of cytoplasms. Results indicated that resistance of male sterile cytoplasm to bacterial leaf blight and distinct pathogenicity of specific strain to rice were related to the lower level of AOM.

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Characterization of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae from Rice Seeds Xie Guanlin,Sun Xiangliang,T. W. Mew 1998, 12(3): 165-171 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (203KB) ( )   A bacterium was isolated from rice seeds in Jiaxing of Zhejiang Province, China. It has been confirmed as Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae by bacteriological tests, differential media, pathogenicity test, Biologand fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) analysis(computer aided numeric taxonomic methods). It revealed that A. avenae subsp. avenae is different from the bacterium recorded in Zhejiang in 1960s although they produced similar symptom, bacterial stripe, on rice seedlings. A. avenae subsp. avenae could be isolated from discolored seeds aswell as from healthy looking seeds of rice. They significantly affected seed germination and seed vigor when 1010cfu/mL and 108 cfu/mL of the bacterium were inoculated on rice seeds. The bacterium could transmitted from seeds to seedlings with 0.2%-5.0% of infection. This suggested that rice seed is very infectant infection source fort ransmission of bacterial stripe and care must be taken for introduction of seeds.

综述与专论

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Present Situations and Prospects for the Research on Rice Grain Quality Forming Huang Fasong,Sun Zongxiu,Hu Peisong,Tang Shaoqing 1998, 12(3): 172-176 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (410KB) ( )   The components of edible rice grain and the recent advances in rice grain quality research are outlined. The traditional approaches on grain quality research and the problems existed in the super grain quality rice improvement are dissected. They mainly included: (1 ) the contradiction between the dynamic forming of the rice grain quality and static research methods on rice grain quality characteristics; (2) the relationships among amylose and protein content, constituent and structure; (3) the cytoplasm influence on rice grain quality. The urgent research contents and new methods and measures for the research on rice grain quality forming regularity are put forward.

实验技术

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Methods of Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for mRNA Differential Display Guan Hexin,Ling Xingyuan,Zhu Yingguo 1998, 12(3): 177-180 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (362KB) ( )   RT-PCR reactions, with template cDNA from etiolated seedlings of Yuetai maintainer lines (Oryza sativa L. ) and 2, 3 or 4 random primers, were carried out at anneal temperatures 36℃, 38℃, 40℃, 42℃ and45℃. Products were separated on 2% agarose gel. No products were obtained at both 42℃and 45℃. Most of the main bands obtained at 36℃, 38℃ and 40℃ were similar, but there are some differences in the weak bands. Thus, we select 40℃ as the anneal temperature in the following experiments. The difference of mRNAs, which were isolated from anthers at different developmental stages of Yuetai CMS, and maintainer lines, were displayed by agarose gel. Differential bands were retrieved and re-amplified. Then, products were purified on 3% agarose gel. Every purified band showed single band on 5% polyacrylamide gel.

研究简报

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Cytoplasmic Effects of KV Type Sterile Lines in Rice You Nianshun,Lei Jiecheng,Huang Lixing,Zheng Xianghua,Lei Shangping,Zhu Xiongtao 1998, 12(3): 181-184 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (271KB) ( )   The heterosis of F1 from combining with some homokaryon-alloplasmic sterile lines named KVV 41, KV Fuyi A, WAV41A and WA Fuyi A were tested and the endogenous hormones of KVV41A, WAV41A and V41B were determined. The heterosis of combinations with KV cytoplasm was higher than that with WA cytoplasm, showing significantly positive effects. The contents of IAA and GA1+3+4+7 in sterile line KVV41A, WAV41A were obviously lower than that in restorer line V41B during panicle initiation stage, the loss of hormones in WA type was earlier than in KV type and the hormone contents of KV sterile line were more than that of WA sterile line. It suggested that KV cytoplasm effected differently from WA cytoplasm on rice hybrids.

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Effeets of Exogenous Polyamines on Photosynthetic Rate and Grain Plumpness in Rice Under Water Deficit Stress Wang Zhiqin,Yang Jianchang,Zhu Qingsen,Lang Youzhong 1998, 12(3): 185-188 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (265KB) ( )   Using indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63 and indica/japonica hybrid rice PC311/Zaoxiandang 18 as materials, the effects of exogenous polyamines on grain plumpness under water deficit stress were studied. Putrescine(Put) content in rice leaves and the ratios of Put to spermidine (Spd) as well as spermine (Spm) obviously increasedunder water deficit stress. After applying low concentration of Spd (1 mmol/L) or Spin (0. 5 mmol/L) at heading stage. Put and MDA (malonadehyde) content in the leaves decreased, while Spd and Spm content, photosynthetic rate, endosperm cells, plump-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight significantly increased.

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Antixenosis, Antibiosis and Tolerance of Different Rice Cultivars to the WhiteBacked Planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) Liu Fang,Dai Zhiyi,Hu Guowen,Tang Jian,Kazushige Sogawa 1998, 12(3): 189-192 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (296KB) ( )   The antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance of 19 rice cultivars or combinations to the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera were tested. The four japonica cultivars, e. g. 91-17, Bing 90-98, Bing 850 and Bing 93-63 exhibited stronger antixenosis to the adults than the other cultivars tested. WBPH fecundity wassignificantly deterred on Bing 93-63. Adults produced apparently more feeding marks on an indica-japonica hybrid rice combination Xieyou 9308 than on the others. The hybrid rice combination Xieyou 9308 and japonica cultivar Chunjiang 06 showed most distinct antibiosis to WBPH. Another indica-japonica hybrid rice combination Xieyou 413 may have some tolerance to WBPH.