Effects of Water Stress on Yield Formation and Root Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Water-saving and Drought-resistantRice

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0507

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the characteristics of yield formation and changes inroot morphology and physiology of water-saving and drought-resistant rice under different irrigation conditions.【Method】Three water treatments (conventional irrigation, light water stress and heavy water stress) were set in the root canal experiment of water-saving and drought-resistant rice Hanyou 73 and high-yield rice H You 518.The plant height, tillering, root morphological and physiological characteristics, yield components were investigated, and theirrelationshipswere analyzed to elucidatethe effect of water stress on yield formation, root morphology and physiologyof water-saving and drought-resistant rice and the difference tohigh-yield rice.【Result】The results of thetwo-year experiment showed that compared with conventional irrigation, the grain yield and its components of Hanyou 73had no significant change under light water stress, and the grain yield of H You 518 decreased by 25.6% on average in two years, and the number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were also significantly decreased.Under heavy water stress, the grain yield and its components of the two varieties decreased significantly, among which the grain yield of Hanyou 73decreased by 28.8% on average within two years, and that of H You 518decreased by 46.1%.Compared with conventional irrigation, there were no significant changes in total absorption surface area, active absorption surface area, root volume, root diameter, root tip number and antioxidant enzyme activitiesof Hanyou 73 under mild water stress, while the above mentioned traits were significantly decreased under heavy water stress; the root morphological and physiological indexes of H You518 were significantly decreased under the two water stress.【Conclusion】The water-saving and drought-resistant rice Hanyou 73 can maintainhigh yield under light water stress, and the yield decline under heavy water stress is significantly lower than that of high-yield rice H You 518.Soundroot morphology and strong root activity are the important reasons for its stable yield and drought resistance.

Key words: water-saving and drought-resistant rice, water stress, yield components, root morphological characteristics, root physiological characteristics

摘要： 目的探究节水抗旱稻组合旱优73在不同灌溉条件下产量形成特点及其根系形态生理的变化情况。方法以节水抗旱稻旱优73和高产水稻H优518为材料,通过根管试验设置三种水分处理(常规灌溉、轻度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫),调查株高、分蘖、根系形态特征和生理特性以及产量构成因素,分析性状之间的关系,探究不同程度水分胁迫对旱优73和H优518产量形成和根系形态生理的影响及其差异。结果两年的重复试验结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,在轻度水分胁迫下,旱优73的产量及其构成因素无显著变化,H优518的产量在两年内平均减少了25.6%,每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重也显著降低;在重度水分胁迫下,两品种产量及其构成因素均显著降低,其中,旱优73的产量两年内平均减少了28.8%,H优518产量减少了46.1%。与常

关键词: water-saving and drought-resistant rice, water stress, yield components, root morphological characteristics, root physiological characteristics

Danping HOU, Jinsong TAN, Qingyu BI, Anning ZHANG, Yi LIU, Feiming WANG, Guolan LIU, Xinqiao YU, BIJunguo, Lijun LUO. Effects of Water Stress on Yield Formation and Root Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Water-saving and Drought-resistantRice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(1): 27-37.

侯丹平, 谭金松, 毕庆宇, 张安宁, 刘毅, 王飞名, 刘国兰, 余新桥, 毕俊国, 罗利军. 水分胁迫对节水抗旱稻产量形成和根系形态生理特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(1): 27-37.

Figures/Tables 9

References 23

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年份Year	处理 Treatment	组合 Combination	生育期 Growth duration/d	有效穗数 Effective panicle number per plant	每穗粒数 Spikelet number perpanicle	结实率 Filled-grain percentage/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	单株产量 Yield per plant/g
2018	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	113	11.4 c	151.5 a	81.2 a	26.5 a	37.2 a
		H优518 H You 518	115	16.2 a	115.2 c	79.9 b	24.2 b	36.1 a
	60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	115	11.1 c	148.9 ab	81.4 a	25.9 a	34.8 a
		H优518 H You 518	117	15.6 ab	103.4 d	71.8 c	22.9 cd	26.5 b
	20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	118	10.2 d	139.9 b	79.0 b	23.4 bc	26.4 b
		H优518 H You 518	121	14.2 b	104.3 d	62.0 d	22.1 d	20.3 c
2019	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	114	10.3 c	156.5 a	82.5 a	27.2 a	36.2 a
		H优518 H You 518	115	14.8a	120.1 c	78.5 b	24.7 b	34.5 a
	60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	116	10.1 c	148.7 ab	81.6 a	27.0 a	33.1 a
		H优518 H You 518	118	14.5ab	107.2 d	71.3 c	23.5 cd	26.0 b
	20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	119	9.6 d	140.9 b	79.7 b	24.0 bc	25.9 b
		H优518 H You 518	122	12.3 b	103.2 d	60.9 d	23.0 d	17.8 c

年份Year	处理 Treatment	组合 Combination	生育期 Growth duration/d	有效穗数 Effective panicle number per plant	每穗粒数 Spikelet number perpanicle	结实率 Filled-grain percentage/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	单株产量 Yield per plant/g
2018	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	113	11.4 c	151.5 a	81.2 a	26.5 a	37.2 a
		H优518 H You 518	115	16.2 a	115.2 c	79.9 b	24.2 b	36.1 a
	60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	115	11.1 c	148.9 ab	81.4 a	25.9 a	34.8 a
		H优518 H You 518	117	15.6 ab	103.4 d	71.8 c	22.9 cd	26.5 b
	20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	118	10.2 d	139.9 b	79.0 b	23.4 bc	26.4 b
		H优518 H You 518	121	14.2 b	104.3 d	62.0 d	22.1 d	20.3 c
2019	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	114	10.3 c	156.5 a	82.5 a	27.2 a	36.2 a
		H优518 H You 518	115	14.8a	120.1 c	78.5 b	24.7 b	34.5 a
	60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	116	10.1 c	148.7 ab	81.6 a	27.0 a	33.1 a
		H优518 H You 518	118	14.5ab	107.2 d	71.3 c	23.5 cd	26.0 b
	20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	119	9.6 d	140.9 b	79.7 b	24.0 bc	25.9 b
		H优518 H You 518	122	12.3 b	103.2 d	60.9 d	23.0 d	17.8 c

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	分蘖期 Mid-tillering	穗分化始期 Panicleinitiation	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	茎蘖成穗率 Percentageof productive tillers/%
2018	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	8.9 c	14.8 d	14.0 c	11.4 c	77.0 f
		H优518 H You 518	13.0 a	19.6 a	17.0 a	16.2 a	82.7 c
	60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	8.7 c	14.1 d	13.9 c	11.1 c	78.7 e
		H优518 H You 518	12.7 a	18.7 b	15.1 b	15.6 ab	83.4 b
	20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	7.8 d	12.7 e	11.5 d	10.2 d	80.3 d
		H优518 H You 518	11.4 b	16.8 c	14.6 b	14.2 b	84.5 a
2019	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	8.2 c	14.3 c	13.8 c	10.3 c	72.0 f
		H优518 H You 518	11.9 a	18.5 a	16.9 a	14.8 a	80.0 c
	60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	8.1 c	13.8 d	12.9 d	10.1 c	73.2 e
		H优518 H You 518	11.7 a	17.6 b	15.1 b	14.5 a	82.4 b
	20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	7.8 d	12.9 e	10.7 e	9.6 d	74.4 d
		H优518 H You 518	11.2 b	14.8 c	13.8 c	12.3 b	83.1 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	分蘖期 Mid-tillering	穗分化始期 Panicleinitiation	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	茎蘖成穗率 Percentageof productive tillers/%
2018	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	8.9 c	14.8 d	14.0 c	11.4 c	77.0 f
		H优518 H You 518	13.0 a	19.6 a	17.0 a	16.2 a	82.7 c
	60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	8.7 c	14.1 d	13.9 c	11.1 c	78.7 e
		H优518 H You 518	12.7 a	18.7 b	15.1 b	15.6 ab	83.4 b
	20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	7.8 d	12.7 e	11.5 d	10.2 d	80.3 d
		H优518 H You 518	11.4 b	16.8 c	14.6 b	14.2 b	84.5 a
2019	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	8.2 c	14.3 c	13.8 c	10.3 c	72.0 f
		H优518 H You 518	11.9 a	18.5 a	16.9 a	14.8 a	80.0 c
	60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	8.1 c	13.8 d	12.9 d	10.1 c	73.2 e
		H优518 H You 518	11.7 a	17.6 b	15.1 b	14.5 a	82.4 b
	20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	7.8 d	12.9 e	10.7 e	9.6 d	74.4 d
		H优518 H You 518	11.2 b	14.8 c	13.8 c	12.3 b	83.1 a

年份 Year	生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	根系形态 Root morphology
年份 Year	生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	根体积 Root volume /(cm³·plant^-1)	根长 Root length /m	根直径 Root diameter /mm	根尖数 Number of root tips /(×10⁴·plant^-1)
2018	MT	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	13.16 ab	11.2 ab	0.37 a	11.56 b
			H优518 H You 518	14.32 a	12.3 a	0.37 a	13.1 a
		60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	12.91 b	12.5 a	0.35 b	11.45 b
			H优518 H You 518	12.88 b	12.2 a	0.35 b	11.02 c
		20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	11.02 c	10.5 b	0.35 b	10.35 d
			H优518 H You 518	9.54 d	9.2 c	0.34 b	9.34 e
	PI	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	31.04 b	27.8 b	0.41 a	30.48 b
			H优518 H You 518	34.61 a	30.2 a	0.41 a	32.37 a
		60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	30.69 b	29.7 ab	0.39 b	31.54 ab
			H优518 H You 518	30.71 b	28.9 ab	0.39 b	28.61 c
		20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	27.43 c	24.3 c	0.36 c	26.12 d
			H优518 H You 518	25.12 d	21.9 d	0.36 c	22.04 e
	HD	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	51.82 b	40.2 b	0.4 a	42.11 b
			H优518 H You 518	56.73 a	42.9 a	0.4 a	43.54 a
		60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	52.09 b	42.1 ab	0.38 b	42.63 ab
			H优518 H You 518	52.61 b	41.9 ab	0.38 b	38.13 c
		20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	46.02 c	36.2 c	0.36 c	37.93 c
			H优518 H You 518	42.81 d	32.8 d	0.35 c	30.19 d
	MA	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	51.63 b	40.1 ab	0.4 a	34.55 b
			H优518 H You 518	53.21 a	41.3 a	0.4 a	36.21 a
		60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	52.79 ab	40.4 ab	0.38 b	34.43 b
			H优518 H You 518	51.23 b	40.2 ab	0.37 b	32.18 c
		20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	43.42 c	36.35 b	0.35 c	28.65 d
			H优518 H You 518	38.72 d	33.2 c	0.35 c	24.13 e
2019	MT	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	15.38 ab	12.3 ab	0.38 a	13.28 bc
			H优518 H You 518	16.59 a	13.1 a	0.38 a	14.05 a
		60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	14.31 b	12.5 a	0.37 b	13.54 b
			H优518 H You 518	14.72 b	12.8 a	0.36 b	13.19 c
		20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	12.49 c	11.0 b	0.35 c	12.73 d
			H优518 H You 518	10.95 d	9.8 c	0.34 c	10.79 e
	PI	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	33.15 b	29.5 b	0.42 a	32.48 b
			H优518 H You 518	36.32 a	32.9 a	0.42 a	34.37 a
		60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	33.69 b	31.4 ab	0.4 b	33.54 ab
			H优518 H You 518	33.71 b	31.2 ab	0.39 b	30.61 c
		20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	29.43 c	25.1 c	0.36 c	25.32 d
			H优518 H You 518	26.12 d	22.1 d	0.35 c	21.73 e
	HD	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	53.28 b	42.2 b	0.41 a	43.16 b
			H优518 H You 518	58.86 a	44.1 a	0.41 a	44.14 a
		60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	55.94 b	43.5 ab	0.38 b	43.81 ab
			H优518 H You 518	55.76 b	43.8 ab	0.39 b	39.53 c
		20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	47.11 c	35.6 c	0.36 c	38.55 c
			H优518 H You 518	41.82 d	31.3 d	0.35 c	31.82 d
	MA	100%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	52.19 b	41.4 ab	0.39 a	36.92 b
			H优518 H You 518	55.47 a	42.3 a	0.4 a	38.43 a
		60%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	53.82 ab	41.8 ab	0.36 b	36.67 b
			H优518 H You 518	52.51 b	41.4 ab	0.37 b	33.09 c
		20%	旱优73 Hanyou 73	42.33 c	38.1 b	0.33 c	29.02 d
			H优518 H You 518	36.79 d	32.5 c	0.34 c	25.03 e