Chinese Journal of Rice Science

• 综述与专论 •     Next Articles

Discussion on Germplasm and Gene Utilization in Breeding of Super Rice

CHENG Shihua, CAO Liyong, ZHUANG Jieyun, WU Weiming   

  1. China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2009-05-10 Published:2009-05-10

关于超级稻品种培育的资源和基因利用问题

程式华,曹立勇,庄杰云,吴伟明   

  1. 中国水稻研究所, 浙江 杭州 310006

Abstract: Breeding of super rice is a new breeding method based on semidwarf breeding and utilization of heterosis in rice. It is the result of utilization of germplasms or genes and its interaction with environment. The paper reviews the current status of integrative utilization of germplasms and genes in the breeding of super rice in China. It deals with gene introgression of indica and japonica, pyramiding and using of yield QTLs in cultivated rice, exploitation and use of the genes related with highyielding, resistance to pests, plant and root architectures. Nowadays agronomical important genes and their closelylinked molecular markers are not enough to supply the strong basis for molecular breeding of super rice. The common cross breeding is still an effective method in breeding of super rice through interactive use of the rice germplasms. Therefore it is necessary to make great efforts to develop wideadaptable super rice or green super rice through exploitation of genes related with highyielding, high quality, resistance to pests and diseases, and tolerance to stresses. The modern molecular breeding methods in combination with common cross techniques should be adopted in the program of super rice breeding.

Key words: introgression of indica and japonica, yield, quantitative trait locus, super rice

摘要: 超级稻育种是矮化育种和杂种优势利用的深化,其本质是资源或基因及基因与环境互作的综合利用。为给超级稻育种提供思路,回顾和分析了超级稻育种中的资源及基因综合利用现状,包括籼粳基因渐渗及利用、栽培稻产量QTL累加及利用、野生稻产量及抗病基因发掘及利用、株型和根系相关基因的发掘及遗传改良等。指出由于真正能用于超级稻育种的有利基因及连锁标记还不多,水稻基因研究成果还不足以支撑超级稻分子育种,目前的超级稻育种仍以常规杂交技术和资源的综合利用为主。需要进一步发掘高产、优质、抗病虫、抗逆基因,常规育种技术与分子育种技术相结合,培育广适性或绿色超级稻。

关键词: 籼粳渐渗, 产量, 数量性状座位, 超级稻, 育种