水稻小粒不育系新组合卓两优1126的高产特征

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】挖掘杂交水稻产量潜力，培育超高产品种，既是一道科学难题，也是“藏粮于技”安全战略。本研究旨在解析小粒不育系卓201S配组的杂交稻卓两优1126高产形成规律，为优质高效超级杂交稻培育提供理论支撑。【方法】2022年选用小粒不育系新组合卓两优1126和对照品种超级稻两优培九、Y两优900和湘两优900为试验材料，在湖南省隆回县统一高产栽培，系统比较卓两优1126与其他3个超级杂交稻产量及其产量构成、干物质积累、根系发育和抗倒性，探究小粒不育系新组合卓两优1126高产特征。【结果】卓两优1126产量极显著高于对照，较超级杂交稻第1期代表品种两优培九增产35.07%，较超级杂交稻第4期代表品种Y两优900增产17.84%，较超级杂交稻新代表品种湘两优900增产14.52%。卓两优1126产量的提高主要原因是在保持稳定千粒重和结实率基础上，通过平衡有效穗数与每穗粒数使群体总颖花数显著提升。与对照相比，卓两优1126单茎地上部干质量、根干质量和根冠比均极显著高于对照，表明卓两优1126根系具有显著的生长优势，能够很好地协调植株地下和地上部分的生长，有助于超高产的形成。卓两优1126株高适中，基部3节间总长和穗下节间长度都极显著高于对照，但基部第2节间的弯曲力矩和抗折力与湘两优900的差异未达到显著水平，卓两优1126在增加株高的同时保持了较强的抗倒性。卓两优1126耐低氮，稻米品质综合评级为部标优质2级，极端高温下较对照Y两优1928增产5.53%。【结论】卓两优1126在保持稳定的千粒重和结实率基础上，通过平衡有效穗数与每穗粒数使群体总颖花数显著提升，从而实现超高产。卓两优1126亲本间粒型存在显著差异，可以实现父母本混播混收的全程机械化制种，降低种子生产成本。另外，小粒型不育系千粒重仅为常规不育系的1/2，在制种产量保持不变的前提下，单位制种面积的杂交稻种子粒数比普通不育系多1倍，大幅降低杂交稻的用种成本。因此，以卓两优1126为代表的“小粒种高产稻”模式，能为解决杂交水稻当前困境提供新思路，是新的发展方向。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 高产, 小粒型不育系, 卓两优1126

Abstract:

【Objective】Uncovering the yield potential of hybrid rice and cultivating ultra-high-yielding varieties is both a scientific challenge and a strategic approach for ensuring food security through “innovative application of agricultural technology to increase farmland productivity”. The focus is on analyzing the formation pattern of super-high yield in hybrid rice Zhuoliangyou 1126, with the small-grain sterile line Zhuo 201S as the female parent, aiming to lay theoretical support for breeding high-quality and high-efficiency super hybrid rice.【Method】In 2022, Zhuoliangyou 1126 and three super rice varieties (Liangyoupeijiu, Y Liangyou 900, and Xiangliangyou 900) were cultivated in Longhui County, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province. A systematic comparison was conducted on yield, yield components, dry matter accumulation, root system development, and lodging resistance between Zhuoliangyou 1126 and the three control varieties.【Result】Zhuoliangyou 1126 exhibited a significantly higher yield, with a 35.07% increase compared to Liangyoupeijiu, 17.84% compared to Y Liangyou 900, and 14.52% compared to Xiangliangyou 900. On the basis of stable 1,000-grain weight and seed setting rate, the yield increase in Zhuoliangyou 1126 was attributed to an increase in the total number of spikelets by striking a balance in the effective panicles and grains per panicle. Aboveground dry weight per stem, root dry weight, and root-shoot ratio of Zhuoliangyou 1126 were significantly higher than controls, indicating superior root system growth contributes to super-high yield formation. Zhuoliangyou 1126 exhibited moderate plant height, the total length of the basal three internodes, the length of the internodes under the panicle were both significantly higher than those of the controls, with the differences in the bending moment and bending resistance of the second node from the bottom between Zhuoliangyou 1126 and Xiangliangyou 900 being insignificant. Zhuoliangyou 1126 maintained strong lodging resistance together with increased plant height. Rice quality was rated Ministry Standard High Quality Grade 2, with a 5.53% yield increase under extreme high temperature compared to control Y Liangyou 1928. 【Conclusion】Zhuoliangyou 1126, maintaining stable thousand-grain weight and seed setting rate, significantly increases the total number of spikelets for super-high yield. The significant difference in grain size between the parents of Zhuoliangyou 1126 facilitates mechanized seed production through mixed sowing and harvesting, reducing seed production costs. Additionally, the 1,000-grain weight of small-grain sterile lines is only half that of conventional sterile lines. With the same seed production, the seeding area is doubled compared to conventional sterile lines, significantly cutting down the seed cost of hybrid rice. Therefore, Zhuoliangyou 1126, as a representative combination, exemplifies the “small grain seed, big grain rice” mode in its parentage, offering innovative solutions to current hybrid rice challenges and signaling a new development direction.

Key words: hybrid rice, super-high yielding, small grain sterile line, Zhuoliangyou 1126

刘慧敏, 周杰强, 胡远艺, 田妍, 雷斌, 李建武, 魏中伟, 唐文帮. 水稻小粒不育系新组合卓两优1126的高产特征[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(2): 160-171.

LIU Huimin, ZHOU Jieqiang, HU Yuanyi, TIAN Yan, LEI Bin, LI Jianwu, WEI Zhongwei, TANG Wenbang. Super-high Yield Characteristics of Two-line Hybrid Rice Zhuoliangyou 1126[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(2): 160-171.

图/表 11

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地点 Location	品种 Variety	示范面积Planting area(hm²)	收获面积Harvested area(m²)	湿谷产量 Grain yield(kg)	含杂率 Impurity rate(%)	含水量Water content(%)	实际产量 Yield (t/hm²)
云南个旧 Gejiu, Yunnan	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	7.1	417.52	830.20	3.2	18.40	18.16
云南个旧 Gejiu, Yunnan	玮两优8612 Weiliangyou 8612	6.1	238.91	421.90	6.1	16.68	15.97
云南蒙自 Mengzi, Yunnan	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	5.3	394.16	748.00	2.0	15.90	18.08
云南蒙自 Mengzi, Yunnan	云籼650 Yunxian 650	6.5	430.90	476.80	4.3	17.40	10.11
四川德昌 Dechang, Sichuan	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	8.2	679.97	1265.00	0.5	21.40	16.82
四川德昌 Dechang, Sichuan	玮两优8612 Weiliangyou 8612	7.0	118.92	194.07	0.5	20.20	14.98
湖南隆回 Longhui, Hunan	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	8.2	760.38	1359.00	0.5	24.50	15.52
湖南隆回 Longhui, Hunan	玮两优8612 Weiliangyou 8612	6.5	680.55	1150.87	0.5	23.30	14.92

地点 Location	品种 Variety	示范面积Planting area(hm²)	收获面积Harvested area(m²)	湿谷产量 Grain yield(kg)	含杂率 Impurity rate(%)	含水量Water content(%)	实际产量 Yield (t/hm²)
云南个旧 Gejiu, Yunnan	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	7.1	417.52	830.20	3.2	18.40	18.16
云南个旧 Gejiu, Yunnan	玮两优8612 Weiliangyou 8612	6.1	238.91	421.90	6.1	16.68	15.97
云南蒙自 Mengzi, Yunnan	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	5.3	394.16	748.00	2.0	15.90	18.08
云南蒙自 Mengzi, Yunnan	云籼650 Yunxian 650	6.5	430.90	476.80	4.3	17.40	10.11
四川德昌 Dechang, Sichuan	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	8.2	679.97	1265.00	0.5	21.40	16.82
四川德昌 Dechang, Sichuan	玮两优8612 Weiliangyou 8612	7.0	118.92	194.07	0.5	20.20	14.98
湖南隆回 Longhui, Hunan	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	8.2	760.38	1359.00	0.5	24.50	15.52
湖南隆回 Longhui, Hunan	玮两优8612 Weiliangyou 8612	6.5	680.55	1150.87	0.5	23.30	14.92

性状 Trait	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	Y两优900 Y Liangyou 900	湘两优900 Xiangliangyou 900
一次枝梗数 No. of primary rachis branches	18.0 Ab	13.1 Bc	19.1 Aa	19.0 Aa
二次枝梗数 No. of secondary rachis branches	51.5 Bb	36.2 Cc	49.0 Bb	64.1 Aa
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	28.6 Aa	25.6 Bc	27.5 Ab	25.3 Bc
有效穗数 No. of effective panicles per m²	301.5 Aa	247.5 Bb	219.0 Cc	196.5 Dd
每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	263.8 Cc	200.8 Dd	296.7 Bb	335.4 Aa
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	93.1 ABb	95.2 Aa	88.4 Cc	93.0 Bb
颖花量 Total spikelets per m²	79530.2 Aa	49688.4 Cc	64974.3 Bb	66418.2 Bb
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	24.15 Cc	27.49 Aa	24.71 BCc	25.74 Bb
库容量 Sink capacity (t/hm²)	19.20 Aa	13.65 Cd	16.05 Bc	17.10 Bb
理论产量 Theoretical yield (t/hm²)	17.89 A	12.99 D	14.20 C	15.90 B
实际产量 Harvest yield (t/hm²)	15.52 A	11.49 D	13.17 C	13.98 B

性状 Trait	卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	Y两优900 Y Liangyou 900	湘两优900 Xiangliangyou 900
一次枝梗数 No. of primary rachis branches	18.0 Ab	13.1 Bc	19.1 Aa	19.0 Aa
二次枝梗数 No. of secondary rachis branches	51.5 Bb	36.2 Cc	49.0 Bb	64.1 Aa
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	28.6 Aa	25.6 Bc	27.5 Ab	25.3 Bc
有效穗数 No. of effective panicles per m²	301.5 Aa	247.5 Bb	219.0 Cc	196.5 Dd
每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	263.8 Cc	200.8 Dd	296.7 Bb	335.4 Aa
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	93.1 ABb	95.2 Aa	88.4 Cc	93.0 Bb
颖花量 Total spikelets per m²	79530.2 Aa	49688.4 Cc	64974.3 Bb	66418.2 Bb
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	24.15 Cc	27.49 Aa	24.71 BCc	25.74 Bb
库容量 Sink capacity (t/hm²)	19.20 Aa	13.65 Cd	16.05 Bc	17.10 Bb
理论产量 Theoretical yield (t/hm²)	17.89 A	12.99 D	14.20 C	15.90 B
实际产量 Harvest yield (t/hm²)	15.52 A	11.49 D	13.17 C	13.98 B

品种 Variety	单株干质量Dry weight per plant (g)		根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	总干物质量Total dry weight (t/hm²)		收获指数Harvest index
品种 Variety	地上部 Shoot	根 Root	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	经济产量 Economic yield	生物产量 Biological yield	收获指数Harvest index
卓两优1126 Zhuoliangyou 1126	117.67 A	4.93 A	0.042 A	16.45 A	29.37 A	0.56 a
湘两优900 Xiangliangyou 900	113.15 B	3.27 B	0.029 B	14.65 B	28.17 B	0.52 a