中国水稻科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 519-528.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.210103
• • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2021-01-05
修回日期:
2021-02-08
出版日期:
2021-11-10
发布日期:
2021-11-10
通讯作者:
唐文帮
基金资助:
Wenbang TANG*(), Fan LI, Guilian ZHANG, Huabing DENG, Feng WANG, Xingquan MING
Received:
2021-01-05
Revised:
2021-02-08
Online:
2021-11-10
Published:
2021-11-10
Contact:
Wenbang TANG
摘要:
针对当前杂交水稻形势,介绍了水稻不育系的选育历史,总结了当前我国水稻不育系选育的困难及面临的主要问题,着重介绍了湖南农业大学新育成的卓201S、卓234S、展998S、南3502S等8个适合机械化制种的水稻小粒型两系不育系,选育的系列小粒不育系突出的特点是收获指数高;株型矮壮,叶片夹角小,生物产量适中;分蘖力强,成穗率高;茎秆坚韧,抗倒性好;异交特性好,结实率高。选配的系列高产优质杂交稻组合卓两优0985、卓两优141、南两优1998等组合表现高收获指数,高产稳产,适应性广,适合轻简栽培,且杂交制种产量高、种子质量好。通过系列高收获指数不育系的选育实践,以展998S为例总结了高收获指数不育系的生物学特征,并对今后高收获指数不育系的选育策略进行了探讨。
唐文帮, 李凡, 张桂莲, 邓化冰, 王峰, 明兴权. 水稻高收获指数不育系选育实践与展望[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(6): 519-528.
Wenbang TANG, Fan LI, Guilian ZHANG, Huabing DENG, Feng WANG, Xingquan MING. Breeding Practice and Prospect of Rice Male Sterile Lines with High Harvest Index[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(6): 519-528.
品种 Variety | 株高 Plant height /cm | 剑叶长 Flag leaf length/cm | 剑叶夹角 Flag leaf angle /° | 有效穗数Effective panicle per plant | 穗长 Panicle length/cm | 穗型 Panicle type | 千粒重1000-grain weight/g | 收获指数Harvest index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
卓201S Zhuo 201S | 61.0 | 35.3 | 14.5 | 13.7 | 29.5 | 直立Erect | 14.2 | 0.47 |
卓234S Zhuo 234S | 62.5 | 34.6 | 11.3 | 14.2 | 28.3 | 直立Erect | 13.8 | 0.49 |
展998S Zhan 998S | 69.6 | 39.3 | 15.2 | 16.0 | 31.3 | 直立Erect | 14.4 | 0.53 |
梁2329S Liang 2329S | 63.2 | 40.0 | 11.2 | 18.3 | 29.6 | 直立Erect | 14.4 | 0.47 |
栋1898S Dong 1898S | 68.0 | 43.7 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 32.6 | 直立Erect | 14.2 | 0.51 |
隆望967S Longwang 967S | 73.0 | 50.7 | 15.6 | 13.6 | 30.3 | 较散Loose | 15.7 | 0.46 |
橙1545S Cheng 1545S | 61.6 | 37.0 | 11.6 | 15.6 | 28.2 | 直立Erect | 14.5 | 0.49 |
南3502S Nan 3502S | 68.5 | 37.0 | 15.5 | 14.5 | 27.8 | 直立Erect | 19.6 | 0.48 |
C815S(CK) | 69.6 | 37.5 | 16.8 | 14.2 | 23.7 | 较散Loose | 24.6 | 0.41 |
创5S Chuang 5S(CK) | 69.0 | 35.8 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 22.7 | 较散Loose | 24.2 | 0.42 |
Y58S(CK) | 73.4 | 48.6 | 14.6 | 12.9 | 26.7 | 弯曲Bending | 24.9 | 0.45 |
表1 高收获指数不育系的农艺性状
Table 1 Agronomic characters of cytoplasmic male sterile lines with high harvest index.
品种 Variety | 株高 Plant height /cm | 剑叶长 Flag leaf length/cm | 剑叶夹角 Flag leaf angle /° | 有效穗数Effective panicle per plant | 穗长 Panicle length/cm | 穗型 Panicle type | 千粒重1000-grain weight/g | 收获指数Harvest index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
卓201S Zhuo 201S | 61.0 | 35.3 | 14.5 | 13.7 | 29.5 | 直立Erect | 14.2 | 0.47 |
卓234S Zhuo 234S | 62.5 | 34.6 | 11.3 | 14.2 | 28.3 | 直立Erect | 13.8 | 0.49 |
展998S Zhan 998S | 69.6 | 39.3 | 15.2 | 16.0 | 31.3 | 直立Erect | 14.4 | 0.53 |
梁2329S Liang 2329S | 63.2 | 40.0 | 11.2 | 18.3 | 29.6 | 直立Erect | 14.4 | 0.47 |
栋1898S Dong 1898S | 68.0 | 43.7 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 32.6 | 直立Erect | 14.2 | 0.51 |
隆望967S Longwang 967S | 73.0 | 50.7 | 15.6 | 13.6 | 30.3 | 较散Loose | 15.7 | 0.46 |
橙1545S Cheng 1545S | 61.6 | 37.0 | 11.6 | 15.6 | 28.2 | 直立Erect | 14.5 | 0.49 |
南3502S Nan 3502S | 68.5 | 37.0 | 15.5 | 14.5 | 27.8 | 直立Erect | 19.6 | 0.48 |
C815S(CK) | 69.6 | 37.5 | 16.8 | 14.2 | 23.7 | 较散Loose | 24.6 | 0.41 |
创5S Chuang 5S(CK) | 69.0 | 35.8 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 22.7 | 较散Loose | 24.2 | 0.42 |
Y58S(CK) | 73.4 | 48.6 | 14.6 | 12.9 | 26.7 | 弯曲Bending | 24.9 | 0.45 |
图1 展998S的田间表现 A–展998S单株照片;B–展998S海南繁殖照片;C–展998S云南繁殖照片;D–展两优1442混播制种苗期田间照片;E–展两优1442混播制种成熟期田间照片。
Fig. 1. Field performance of Zhan 998S. A, Single plant of Zhan 998S; B, Zhan 998S in Hainan; C, Zhan 998S in Yunnan; D, Hybrid seed production for Zhangliangyou 1442 through mixed and direct seeding at seeding stage; E, Hybrid seed production for Zhangliangyou 1442 through mixed and direct seeding at maturity stage.
组合名称 Name | 亲本来源 Parental origin | 播种期 Sowing date | 始穗期 Initial heading stage | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 株高 Plant height /cm | 穗长 Panicle length/cm | 有效穗数 Effective panicle per plant | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
栋两优1844 Dongliangyou 1844 | 栋1898S×1844 Dong 1898S×1844 | 05-20 | 08-08 | 09-10 | 119.2 | 28.4 | 9.5 | |
栋两优1442 Dongliangyou 1442 1442 | 栋1898S×1442 Dong 1898S×1442 | 05-20 | 08-08 | 09-10 | 115.1 | 28.6 | 10.3 | |
展两优1442 Zhanliangyou 1442 | 展998S×1442 Zhan 998S×1442 | 05-20 | 08-08 | 09-09 | 115.6 | 28.3 | 10.9 | |
栋两优1026 Dongliangyou 1026 1026 | 栋1898S×1026 Dong 1898S×1026 | 05-20 | 08-07 | 09-10 | 118.7 | 27.9 | 9.3 | |
栋两优1961 Dongliangyou 1961 1961 | 栋1898S×1961 Dong 1898S×1961 | 05-20 | 08-15 | 09-19 | 119.5 | 28.7 | 10.1 | |
梁两优1519 Liangliangyou 1519 | 梁2329S×1519 Liang 2329S×1519 | 05-20 | 08-15 | 09-20 | 119.3 | 26.9 | 9.6 | |
梁两优1486 Liangliangyou 1486 | 梁2329S×1486 Liang 2329S×1486 | 05-20 | 08-15 | 09-20 | 118.9 | 27.7 | 10.1 | |
卓两优0985 Zhuoliangyou 0985 | 卓234S×0985 Zhuo 234S×0985 | 05-20 | 08-21 | 09-25 | 121.7 | 29.3 | 9.8 | |
栋两优1018 Dongliangyou 1018 1018 | 栋1898S×1018 Dong 1898S×1018 | 05-20 | 08-16 | 09-20 | 118.7 | 25.3 | 10.3 | |
栋两优8022 Dongliangyou 8022 8022 | 栋1898S×8022 Dong 1898S×8022 | 05-20 | 08-23 | 09-30 | 127.3 | 30.6 | 9.2 | |
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141 | 卓234S×141 Zhuo 234S×141 | 05-20 | 08-18 | 09-23 | 125.2 | 27.5 | 9.4 | |
晶两优534(CK) Jingliangyou 534(CK) | 晶4155S×534 Jing 4155S×534 | 05-20 | 08-15 | 09-20 | 116.5 | 23.4 | 11.5 | |
C两优396(CK) C Liangyou 396(CK) | C815S×396 | 05-20 | 08-14 | 09-20 | 117.3 | 25.4 | 10.5 | |
组合名称 Name | 亲本来源 Parental origin | 总粒数 Total grains per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate/% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight/g | 产量 Yield /(kg·hm-2) | 日产量 Yield per day /(kg·hm-2) | 收获指数Harvest index | |
栋两优1844 Dongliangyou 1844 | 栋1898S×1844 Dong 1898S×1844 | 334.1 | 87.3 | 22.1 | 10 222.2 | 89.7 | 0.46 | |
栋两优1442 Dongliangyou 1442 | 栋1898S×1442 Dong 1898S×1442 | 315.3 | 86.8 | 21.0 | 9 863.9 | 86.5 | 0.52 | |
展两优1442 Zhanliangyou 1442 | 展998S×1442 Zhan 998S×1442 | 289.5 | 85.2 | 21.9 | 9 833.3 | 87.0 | 0.54 | |
栋两优1026 Dongliangyou 1026 | 栋1898S×1026 Dong 1898S×1026 | 328.2 | 88.3 | 21.8 | 9 772.2 | 85.7 | 0.48 | |
栋两优1961 Dongliangyou 1961 | 栋1898S×1961 Dong 1898S×1961 | 319.1 | 83.9 | 22.2 | 10 018.5 | 81.5 | 0.49 | |
梁两优1519 Liangliangyou 1519 | 梁2329S×1519 Liang 2329S×1519 | 338.0 | 80.3 | 22.9 | 9 942.5 | 80.2 | 0.46 | |
梁两优1486 Liangliangyou 1486 | 梁2329S×1486 Liang 2329S×1486 | 322.9 | 82.7 | 22.0 | 9 907.4 | 79.9 | 0.47 | |
卓两优0985 Zhuoliangyou 0985 | 卓234S×0985 Zhuo 234S×0985 | 317.6 | 83.5 | 22.1 | 9 587.9 | 74.3 | 0.47 | |
栋两优1018 Dongliangyou 1018 | 栋1898S×1018 Dong 1898S×1018 | 306.8 | 84.4 | 21.8 | 9 670.4 | 78.0 | 0.49 | |
栋两优8022 Dongliangyou 8022 | 栋1898S×8022 Dong 1898S×8022 | 348.3 | 86.3 | 21.9 | 10 114.4 | 75.5 | 0.50 | |
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141 | 卓234S×141 Zhuo 234S×141 | 339.3 | 82.3 | 21.9 | 9 600.6 | 75.6 | 0.45 | |
晶两优534(CK) Jingliangyou 534(CK) | 晶4155S×534 Jing 4155S×534 | 256.4 | 85.4 | 23.1 | 9 688.5 | 78.1 | 0.45 | |
C两优396(CK) C Liangyou 396(CK) | C815S×396 | 227.4 | 85.2 | 28.6 | 9 697.0 | 78.2 | 0.41 |
表2 水稻小粒不育系所配组合性状表现
Table 2 Characters of combinations derived from the cytoplasmic male sterile lines with small grains.
组合名称 Name | 亲本来源 Parental origin | 播种期 Sowing date | 始穗期 Initial heading stage | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 株高 Plant height /cm | 穗长 Panicle length/cm | 有效穗数 Effective panicle per plant | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
栋两优1844 Dongliangyou 1844 | 栋1898S×1844 Dong 1898S×1844 | 05-20 | 08-08 | 09-10 | 119.2 | 28.4 | 9.5 | |
栋两优1442 Dongliangyou 1442 1442 | 栋1898S×1442 Dong 1898S×1442 | 05-20 | 08-08 | 09-10 | 115.1 | 28.6 | 10.3 | |
展两优1442 Zhanliangyou 1442 | 展998S×1442 Zhan 998S×1442 | 05-20 | 08-08 | 09-09 | 115.6 | 28.3 | 10.9 | |
栋两优1026 Dongliangyou 1026 1026 | 栋1898S×1026 Dong 1898S×1026 | 05-20 | 08-07 | 09-10 | 118.7 | 27.9 | 9.3 | |
栋两优1961 Dongliangyou 1961 1961 | 栋1898S×1961 Dong 1898S×1961 | 05-20 | 08-15 | 09-19 | 119.5 | 28.7 | 10.1 | |
梁两优1519 Liangliangyou 1519 | 梁2329S×1519 Liang 2329S×1519 | 05-20 | 08-15 | 09-20 | 119.3 | 26.9 | 9.6 | |
梁两优1486 Liangliangyou 1486 | 梁2329S×1486 Liang 2329S×1486 | 05-20 | 08-15 | 09-20 | 118.9 | 27.7 | 10.1 | |
卓两优0985 Zhuoliangyou 0985 | 卓234S×0985 Zhuo 234S×0985 | 05-20 | 08-21 | 09-25 | 121.7 | 29.3 | 9.8 | |
栋两优1018 Dongliangyou 1018 1018 | 栋1898S×1018 Dong 1898S×1018 | 05-20 | 08-16 | 09-20 | 118.7 | 25.3 | 10.3 | |
栋两优8022 Dongliangyou 8022 8022 | 栋1898S×8022 Dong 1898S×8022 | 05-20 | 08-23 | 09-30 | 127.3 | 30.6 | 9.2 | |
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141 | 卓234S×141 Zhuo 234S×141 | 05-20 | 08-18 | 09-23 | 125.2 | 27.5 | 9.4 | |
晶两优534(CK) Jingliangyou 534(CK) | 晶4155S×534 Jing 4155S×534 | 05-20 | 08-15 | 09-20 | 116.5 | 23.4 | 11.5 | |
C两优396(CK) C Liangyou 396(CK) | C815S×396 | 05-20 | 08-14 | 09-20 | 117.3 | 25.4 | 10.5 | |
组合名称 Name | 亲本来源 Parental origin | 总粒数 Total grains per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate/% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight/g | 产量 Yield /(kg·hm-2) | 日产量 Yield per day /(kg·hm-2) | 收获指数Harvest index | |
栋两优1844 Dongliangyou 1844 | 栋1898S×1844 Dong 1898S×1844 | 334.1 | 87.3 | 22.1 | 10 222.2 | 89.7 | 0.46 | |
栋两优1442 Dongliangyou 1442 | 栋1898S×1442 Dong 1898S×1442 | 315.3 | 86.8 | 21.0 | 9 863.9 | 86.5 | 0.52 | |
展两优1442 Zhanliangyou 1442 | 展998S×1442 Zhan 998S×1442 | 289.5 | 85.2 | 21.9 | 9 833.3 | 87.0 | 0.54 | |
栋两优1026 Dongliangyou 1026 | 栋1898S×1026 Dong 1898S×1026 | 328.2 | 88.3 | 21.8 | 9 772.2 | 85.7 | 0.48 | |
栋两优1961 Dongliangyou 1961 | 栋1898S×1961 Dong 1898S×1961 | 319.1 | 83.9 | 22.2 | 10 018.5 | 81.5 | 0.49 | |
梁两优1519 Liangliangyou 1519 | 梁2329S×1519 Liang 2329S×1519 | 338.0 | 80.3 | 22.9 | 9 942.5 | 80.2 | 0.46 | |
梁两优1486 Liangliangyou 1486 | 梁2329S×1486 Liang 2329S×1486 | 322.9 | 82.7 | 22.0 | 9 907.4 | 79.9 | 0.47 | |
卓两优0985 Zhuoliangyou 0985 | 卓234S×0985 Zhuo 234S×0985 | 317.6 | 83.5 | 22.1 | 9 587.9 | 74.3 | 0.47 | |
栋两优1018 Dongliangyou 1018 | 栋1898S×1018 Dong 1898S×1018 | 306.8 | 84.4 | 21.8 | 9 670.4 | 78.0 | 0.49 | |
栋两优8022 Dongliangyou 8022 | 栋1898S×8022 Dong 1898S×8022 | 348.3 | 86.3 | 21.9 | 10 114.4 | 75.5 | 0.50 | |
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141 | 卓234S×141 Zhuo 234S×141 | 339.3 | 82.3 | 21.9 | 9 600.6 | 75.6 | 0.45 | |
晶两优534(CK) Jingliangyou 534(CK) | 晶4155S×534 Jing 4155S×534 | 256.4 | 85.4 | 23.1 | 9 688.5 | 78.1 | 0.45 | |
C两优396(CK) C Liangyou 396(CK) | C815S×396 | 227.4 | 85.2 | 28.6 | 9 697.0 | 78.2 | 0.41 |
图2 水稻小粒不育系所配组合的田间表现 A–展两优1442;B–栋两优1026;C–梁两优1486;D–卓两优141。
Fig. 2. Field performance of combinations derived from the cytoplasmic male sterile lines with small grains. A, Zhanliangyou 1442; B, Dongliangyou 1026; C, Liangliangyou 1486; D, Zhuoliangyou 141.
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