水稻高收获指数不育系选育实践与展望

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.210103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对当前杂交水稻形势,介绍了水稻不育系的选育历史,总结了当前我国水稻不育系选育的困难及面临的主要问题,着重介绍了湖南农业大学新育成的卓201S、卓234S、展998S、南3502S等8个适合机械化制种的水稻小粒型两系不育系,选育的系列小粒不育系突出的特点是收获指数高;株型矮壮,叶片夹角小,生物产量适中;分蘖力强,成穗率高;茎秆坚韧,抗倒性好;异交特性好,结实率高。选配的系列高产优质杂交稻组合卓两优0985、卓两优141、南两优1998等组合表现高收获指数,高产稳产,适应性广,适合轻简栽培,且杂交制种产量高、种子质量好。通过系列高收获指数不育系的选育实践,以展998S为例总结了高收获指数不育系的生物学特征,并对今后高收获指数不育系的选育策略进行了探讨。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 不育系, 收获指数, 杂交制种, 品种选育

Abstract:

Given the current situation of hybrid rice breeding, we reviewed the breeding history of rice sterile lines, summarized the difficulties and main problems of rice sterile line breeding in China, emphatically introduced eight two-line male sterile lines with small grains, including Zhuo 201S, Zhuo 234S, Zhan 998S and Nan 3502S, etc, which were bred by Hunan Agricultural University, and featured with strong and dwarf plant type, small leaf angles, medium biological yield, strong tillering ability, high productive tiller rates, strong stem and high lodging resistance, good outcrossing characteristics, high seed setting rates and high harvest indexes. A series of high-yield and high-quality hybrid rice combinations Zhuoliangyou 0985, Zhuoliangyou 141, Nanliangyou 1998 and other combinations showed high and stable yield, high harvest index, wide adaptability, high yield and good seed quality. Through a series of breeding practices of male sterile lines with high harvest index, taking Zhan 998S as an example, the biological characteristics of male sterile lines with high harvest index were summarized, and the breeding strategies of high harvest index male sterile lines in the future were discussed.

Key words: hybrid rice, sterile line, harvest index, hybrid seed production, variety breeding

唐文帮, 李凡, 张桂莲, 邓化冰, 王峰, 明兴权. 水稻高收获指数不育系选育实践与展望[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(6): 519-528.

Wenbang TANG, Fan LI, Guilian ZHANG, Huabing DENG, Feng WANG, Xingquan MING. Breeding Practice and Prospect of Rice Male Sterile Lines with High Harvest Index[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(6): 519-528.

图/表 4

参考文献 41

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品种 Variety	株高 Plant height /cm	剑叶长 Flag leaf length/cm	剑叶夹角 Flag leaf angle /°	有效穗数Effective panicle per plant	穗长 Panicle length/cm	穗型 Panicle type	千粒重1000-grain weight/g	收获指数Harvest index
卓201S Zhuo 201S	61.0	35.3	14.5	13.7	29.5	直立Erect	14.2	0.47
卓234S Zhuo 234S	62.5	34.6	11.3	14.2	28.3	直立Erect	13.8	0.49
展998S Zhan 998S	69.6	39.3	15.2	16.0	31.3	直立Erect	14.4	0.53
梁2329S Liang 2329S	63.2	40.0	11.2	18.3	29.6	直立Erect	14.4	0.47
栋1898S Dong 1898S	68.0	43.7	15.0	17.0	32.6	直立Erect	14.2	0.51
隆望967S Longwang 967S	73.0	50.7	15.6	13.6	30.3	较散Loose	15.7	0.46
橙1545S Cheng 1545S	61.6	37.0	11.6	15.6	28.2	直立Erect	14.5	0.49
南3502S Nan 3502S	68.5	37.0	15.5	14.5	27.8	直立Erect	19.6	0.48
C815S（CK）	69.6	37.5	16.8	14.2	23.7	较散Loose	24.6	0.41
创5S Chuang 5S（CK）	69.0	35.8	15.9	14.9	22.7	较散Loose	24.2	0.42
Y58S（CK）	73.4	48.6	14.6	12.9	26.7	弯曲Bending	24.9	0.45

品种 Variety	株高 Plant height /cm	剑叶长 Flag leaf length/cm	剑叶夹角 Flag leaf angle /°	有效穗数Effective panicle per plant	穗长 Panicle length/cm	穗型 Panicle type	千粒重1000-grain weight/g	收获指数Harvest index
卓201S Zhuo 201S	61.0	35.3	14.5	13.7	29.5	直立Erect	14.2	0.47
卓234S Zhuo 234S	62.5	34.6	11.3	14.2	28.3	直立Erect	13.8	0.49
展998S Zhan 998S	69.6	39.3	15.2	16.0	31.3	直立Erect	14.4	0.53
梁2329S Liang 2329S	63.2	40.0	11.2	18.3	29.6	直立Erect	14.4	0.47
栋1898S Dong 1898S	68.0	43.7	15.0	17.0	32.6	直立Erect	14.2	0.51
隆望967S Longwang 967S	73.0	50.7	15.6	13.6	30.3	较散Loose	15.7	0.46
橙1545S Cheng 1545S	61.6	37.0	11.6	15.6	28.2	直立Erect	14.5	0.49
南3502S Nan 3502S	68.5	37.0	15.5	14.5	27.8	直立Erect	19.6	0.48
C815S（CK）	69.6	37.5	16.8	14.2	23.7	较散Loose	24.6	0.41
创5S Chuang 5S（CK）	69.0	35.8	15.9	14.9	22.7	较散Loose	24.2	0.42
Y58S（CK）	73.4	48.6	14.6	12.9	26.7	弯曲Bending	24.9	0.45

组合名称 Name	亲本来源 Parental origin		播种期 Sowing date	始穗期 Initial heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	株高 Plant height /cm	穗长 Panicle length/cm	有效穗数 Effective panicle per plant
栋两优1844 Dongliangyou 1844	栋1898S×1844 Dong 1898S×1844		05-20	08-08	09-10	119.2	28.4	9.5
栋两优1442 Dongliangyou 1442 1442	栋1898S×1442 Dong 1898S×1442		05-20	08-08	09-10	115.1	28.6	10.3
展两优1442 Zhanliangyou 1442	展998S×1442 Zhan 998S×1442		05-20	08-08	09-09	115.6	28.3	10.9
栋两优1026 Dongliangyou 1026 1026	栋1898S×1026 Dong 1898S×1026		05-20	08-07	09-10	118.7	27.9	9.3
栋两优1961 Dongliangyou 1961 1961	栋1898S×1961 Dong 1898S×1961		05-20	08-15	09-19	119.5	28.7	10.1
梁两优1519 Liangliangyou 1519	梁2329S×1519 Liang 2329S×1519		05-20	08-15	09-20	119.3	26.9	9.6
梁两优1486 Liangliangyou 1486	梁2329S×1486 Liang 2329S×1486		05-20	08-15	09-20	118.9	27.7	10.1
卓两优0985 Zhuoliangyou 0985	卓234S×0985 Zhuo 234S×0985		05-20	08-21	09-25	121.7	29.3	9.8
栋两优1018 Dongliangyou 1018 1018	栋1898S×1018 Dong 1898S×1018		05-20	08-16	09-20	118.7	25.3	10.3
栋两优8022 Dongliangyou 8022 8022	栋1898S×8022 Dong 1898S×8022		05-20	08-23	09-30	127.3	30.6	9.2
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141	卓234S×141 Zhuo 234S×141		05-20	08-18	09-23	125.2	27.5	9.4
晶两优534(CK) Jingliangyou 534(CK)	晶4155S×534 Jing 4155S×534		05-20	08-15	09-20	116.5	23.4	11.5
C两优396（CK） C Liangyou 396(CK)	C815S×396		05-20	08-14	09-20	117.3	25.4	10.5
组合名称 Name	亲本来源 Parental origin	总粒数 Total grains per panicle		结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /(kg·hm^-2)	日产量 Yield per day /(kg·hm^-2)	收获指数Harvest index
栋两优1844 Dongliangyou 1844	栋1898S×1844 Dong 1898S×1844	334.1		87.3	22.1	10 222.2	89.7	0.46
栋两优1442 Dongliangyou 1442	栋1898S×1442 Dong 1898S×1442		315.3	86.8	21.0	9 863.9	86.5	0.52
展两优1442 Zhanliangyou 1442	展998S×1442 Zhan 998S×1442		289.5	85.2	21.9	9 833.3	87.0	0.54
栋两优1026 Dongliangyou 1026	栋1898S×1026 Dong 1898S×1026		328.2	88.3	21.8	9 772.2	85.7	0.48
栋两优1961 Dongliangyou 1961	栋1898S×1961 Dong 1898S×1961		319.1	83.9	22.2	10 018.5	81.5	0.49
梁两优1519 Liangliangyou 1519	梁2329S×1519 Liang 2329S×1519		338.0	80.3	22.9	9 942.5	80.2	0.46
梁两优1486 Liangliangyou 1486	梁2329S×1486 Liang 2329S×1486		322.9	82.7	22.0	9 907.4	79.9	0.47
卓两优0985 Zhuoliangyou 0985	卓234S×0985 Zhuo 234S×0985		317.6	83.5	22.1	9 587.9	74.3	0.47
栋两优1018 Dongliangyou 1018	栋1898S×1018 Dong 1898S×1018		306.8	84.4	21.8	9 670.4	78.0	0.49
栋两优8022 Dongliangyou 8022	栋1898S×8022 Dong 1898S×8022		348.3	86.3	21.9	10 114.4	75.5	0.50
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141	卓234S×141 Zhuo 234S×141		339.3	82.3	21.9	9 600.6	75.6	0.45
晶两优534(CK) Jingliangyou 534(CK)	晶4155S×534 Jing 4155S×534		256.4	85.4	23.1	9 688.5	78.1	0.45
C两优396（CK） C Liangyou 396(CK)	C815S×396		227.4	85.2	28.6	9 697.0	78.2	0.41

组合名称 Name	亲本来源 Parental origin		播种期 Sowing date	始穗期 Initial heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	株高 Plant height /cm	穗长 Panicle length/cm	有效穗数 Effective panicle per plant
栋两优1844 Dongliangyou 1844	栋1898S×1844 Dong 1898S×1844		05-20	08-08	09-10	119.2	28.4	9.5
栋两优1442 Dongliangyou 1442 1442	栋1898S×1442 Dong 1898S×1442		05-20	08-08	09-10	115.1	28.6	10.3
展两优1442 Zhanliangyou 1442	展998S×1442 Zhan 998S×1442		05-20	08-08	09-09	115.6	28.3	10.9
栋两优1026 Dongliangyou 1026 1026	栋1898S×1026 Dong 1898S×1026		05-20	08-07	09-10	118.7	27.9	9.3
栋两优1961 Dongliangyou 1961 1961	栋1898S×1961 Dong 1898S×1961		05-20	08-15	09-19	119.5	28.7	10.1
梁两优1519 Liangliangyou 1519	梁2329S×1519 Liang 2329S×1519		05-20	08-15	09-20	119.3	26.9	9.6
梁两优1486 Liangliangyou 1486	梁2329S×1486 Liang 2329S×1486		05-20	08-15	09-20	118.9	27.7	10.1
卓两优0985 Zhuoliangyou 0985	卓234S×0985 Zhuo 234S×0985		05-20	08-21	09-25	121.7	29.3	9.8
栋两优1018 Dongliangyou 1018 1018	栋1898S×1018 Dong 1898S×1018		05-20	08-16	09-20	118.7	25.3	10.3
栋两优8022 Dongliangyou 8022 8022	栋1898S×8022 Dong 1898S×8022		05-20	08-23	09-30	127.3	30.6	9.2
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141	卓234S×141 Zhuo 234S×141		05-20	08-18	09-23	125.2	27.5	9.4
晶两优534(CK) Jingliangyou 534(CK)	晶4155S×534 Jing 4155S×534		05-20	08-15	09-20	116.5	23.4	11.5
C两优396（CK） C Liangyou 396(CK)	C815S×396		05-20	08-14	09-20	117.3	25.4	10.5
组合名称 Name	亲本来源 Parental origin	总粒数 Total grains per panicle		结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /(kg·hm^-2)	日产量 Yield per day /(kg·hm^-2)	收获指数Harvest index
栋两优1844 Dongliangyou 1844	栋1898S×1844 Dong 1898S×1844	334.1		87.3	22.1	10 222.2	89.7	0.46
栋两优1442 Dongliangyou 1442	栋1898S×1442 Dong 1898S×1442		315.3	86.8	21.0	9 863.9	86.5	0.52
展两优1442 Zhanliangyou 1442	展998S×1442 Zhan 998S×1442		289.5	85.2	21.9	9 833.3	87.0	0.54
栋两优1026 Dongliangyou 1026	栋1898S×1026 Dong 1898S×1026		328.2	88.3	21.8	9 772.2	85.7	0.48
栋两优1961 Dongliangyou 1961	栋1898S×1961 Dong 1898S×1961		319.1	83.9	22.2	10 018.5	81.5	0.49
梁两优1519 Liangliangyou 1519	梁2329S×1519 Liang 2329S×1519		338.0	80.3	22.9	9 942.5	80.2	0.46
梁两优1486 Liangliangyou 1486	梁2329S×1486 Liang 2329S×1486		322.9	82.7	22.0	9 907.4	79.9	0.47
卓两优0985 Zhuoliangyou 0985	卓234S×0985 Zhuo 234S×0985		317.6	83.5	22.1	9 587.9	74.3	0.47
栋两优1018 Dongliangyou 1018	栋1898S×1018 Dong 1898S×1018		306.8	84.4	21.8	9 670.4	78.0	0.49
栋两优8022 Dongliangyou 8022	栋1898S×8022 Dong 1898S×8022		348.3	86.3	21.9	10 114.4	75.5	0.50
卓两优141 Zhuoliangyou 141	卓234S×141 Zhuo 234S×141		339.3	82.3	21.9	9 600.6	75.6	0.45
晶两优534(CK) Jingliangyou 534(CK)	晶4155S×534 Jing 4155S×534		256.4	85.4	23.1	9 688.5	78.1	0.45
C两优396（CK） C Liangyou 396(CK)	C815S×396		227.4	85.2	28.6	9 697.0	78.2	0.41