中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 617-623.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2013.06.008

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻油轮作连续免耕直播对作物产量及土壤理化性状的影响

杜兴彬1,2,罗利军1,陈晨1,李双喜3,刘国兰1,王飞名1,张安宁1,顾晓君2,余新桥1,2,*   

  1. 1上海市农业生物基因中心， 上海201106;2上海市农业科学院 庄行综合试验站， 上海201415；3上海市农业科学院 生态环境保护所，上海 201403;
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-04 修回日期:2013-06-04 出版日期:2013-11-10 发布日期:2013-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 余新桥1,2,*
  • 基金资助:

    上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目\[沪农科攻字（2010）第11号\]; 上海市青年科技启明星计划资助项目（11QA1405900）； 国家863计划资助项目（2012AA101102）。

Effects of LongTerm NoTillage Direct Seeding Mode on Crop Yield and Soil Physiochemical Properties in Rice/Rapeseed Rotation System

DU Xingbing 1,2,  LUO Lijun 1 , CHEN  Chen 1,  LI  Shuangxi 3,  LIU  Guolan 1,  WANG  Feiming 1,  ZHANG  Anning 1,  GU  Xiaojun 2, YU Xinqiao 1,2,*   

  1. 1 Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106，China; 2 Zhuanghang Integrated Experiment Station, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Shanghai 201415，China; 3 Institute of Ecoenvironment and Pant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Scisences, Shanghai 201403，China;
  • Received:2013-03-04 Revised:2013-06-04 Online:2013-11-10 Published:2013-11-10
  • Contact: YU Xinqiao1,2,*

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摘要： 为了研究稻油轮作免耕直播栽培模式对作物产量及土壤理化性状的影响，以常规翻耕直播为对照，选用适宜免耕直播的节水抗旱稻品种和适宜机械化种植的双低油菜品种为材料，进行连续4年的田间免耕直播试验。结果表明,与翻耕直播相比，免耕第1年节水抗旱稻单位面积实际产量下降8.10%，随后株高、每穗颖花数、结实率、千粒重、单株产量和收获指数逐年增加，产量逐年提高，第4年超过对照6.49%。相关分析表明穗长和产量显著相关；油菜免耕直播株高降低，单株角果数和千粒重减小，造成产量损失，但损失逐年减小，第4年和对照持平。相关分析表明每角粒数和产量显著相关。在土壤理化性状方面，免耕栽培土壤pH值逐年下降，有机质、全氮含量逐年增加，养分在土壤表层富集。与对照相比，免耕土壤表层(0-5 cm)容重减小，土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮养分含量均增加；免耕土壤亚表层（5-20 cm）容重、有机质、全氮含量都增大，速效氮和速效钾含量降低。此试验条件下，稻油轮作连续免耕直播有利于作物产量的提高和稻田表层土壤肥力的改善。

关键词: 免耕, 直播, 作物产量, 土壤理化性状, 节水抗旱稻, 双低油菜

Abstract: In order to study the effects of longterm notillage direct seeding mode on crop yield and soil physiochemical properties in rice/rapeseed rotation system, a comparison experiment with watersaving and droughtresistance rice (WDR) variety and a double low rapeseed variety was conducted under notillage direct seeding mode (NTDS) and conventional tillage direct seeding mode (CTDS) for 4 years, with CTDS as control. The results showed that the actual yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, then the plant height, the spikelet number per panicle, the seed setting rate, the 1000grain weight, grain yield, actual yield and harvest index increased with increasing notillage years, which led to an actual yield increase of 6.49% at the 4th year, compared with CTDS. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to WDR’s actual  rice grain yield. Under CTDS，decreased plant height, pod number per plant, 1000grain weight of rapeseed led to the loss of actual rice yield, and the loss decreased with notillage years, the actual yield under NTDS was the same as that under CTDS at the 4th year. Correlation analysis showed that the seed number per pod were significantly related to rapeseed’s actual yield. Compared with CTDS, the pH value of NTDS decreased every year, the contents of soil organic matter and the total N of the NTDS increased. The NTDS mode are propitious to improve the paddy soil fertility in the top layer(0-5 cm). In the top layer under NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, while the contents of soil organic matter, the total N and the available N increased; in the 5-20 cm layer under NTDS mode, the soil bulk, the contents of soil organic matter, the total N increased, while the available N,K decreased. NTDS is benefit to increase the crop yield under the test. And it is propitious to improve the paddy soil fertility in the top layer.

Key words: notillage, direct seeding, crop yield, soil properties, watersaving and droughtresistance rice, double low rapeseed

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