干湿交替灌溉对黑龙江稻区水稻产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.260106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对黑龙江稻区干湿交替灌溉适宜控水阈值不明确的问题，探寻实现该地区水稻高产与优质协同的灌溉模式，为该地区水稻可持续生产提供理论依据。【方法】以常规粳稻龙粳31为材料，在黑龙江省建三江七星农场田间栽培条件下，研究了轻度(MID)、中度(MOD)和重度(SED)干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。【结果】1) 产量和灌溉水利用效率：与当地常规灌溉(CF)相比，MID处理显著增产6.90%~11.89%，MOD对产量无显著影响，而SED则导致产量显著下降6.30%~6.70%。MID较CF降低灌溉用水量12.21%~16.23%，灌溉水利用效率提高22.42%~35.46%，节水效果显著。2) 稻米品质：MID处理降低了垩白粒率，显著改善了稻米的外观品质，而加工品质、蒸煮食味品质与CF均无显著差异。MOD处理下品质有变劣的趋势。SED处理则显著降低了稻米的精米率和整精米率及直链淀粉含量，导致稻米加工品质和食味品质变劣。【结论】MID有利于水稻高产优质协同，是适合黑龙江稻区的高产高效优质节水灌溉模式。

关键词: 水稻, 干湿交替灌溉, 黑龙江稻区, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】To address the ambiguity regarding optimal water control thresholds for alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation in the rice-growing regions of Heilongjiang Province, this study aimed to identify an irrigation regime that synergizes high grain yield with superior quality, thereby providing a theoretical framework for sustainable rice production in the region.【Method】Utilizing the conventional japonica rice cultivar ‘Longjing 31’ as experimental material, field trials were conducted at Qixing Farm, Jiansanjiang Branch of Beidahuang Group, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. The effects of mild (MID), moderate (MOD), and severe (SED) AWD irrigation on rice yield and grain quality were systematically evaluated.【Results】1) Regarding yield and irrigation efficiency, the MID treatment significantly enhanced grain yield by 6.90%-11.89% compared to the local conventional flooding (CF) practice. The MOD treatment exhibited no significant impact on yield, whereas the SED treatment resulted in a significant yield reduction of 6.30%-6.70%. Over the two-year period, the MID treatment significantly improved irrigation water use efficiency by 22.42%-35.46% and reduced irrigation water consumption by 12.21%-16.23%, demonstrating substantial water-saving and efficiency-enhancing effects. 2) In terms of grain quality, the MID treatment reduced the chalky grain rate and markedly improved the appearance quality of rice, while maintaining milling and cooking/eating qualities comparable to those of the CF treatment. The MOD treatment exhibited a tendency toward quality deterioration. Conversely, the SED treatment significantly reduced the milled rice rate, head rice rate, and amylose content, leading to deterioration in milling quality and eating quality.【Conclusion】The MID treatment facilitates the synergy between high yield and superior quality, representing an optimal high-yielding, high-efficiency, and water-saving irrigation method for the rice-growing regions of Heilongjiang Province.

Key words: rice, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, Heilongjiang rice-growing region, yield, quality

高凌霄, 叶凡, 李帅, 陈云, 刘立军. 干湿交替灌溉对黑龙江稻区水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(6): 786-795.

GAO Lingxiao, YE Fan, LI Shuai, CHEN Yun, LIU Lijun. Effects of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Grain Yield and Quality of Rice in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(6): 786-795.

图/表 8

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干湿交替灌溉 AWD	返青期 (上限/下限) Regreening stage (Upper limit/ Lower limit)	分蘖初-中期 (上限/下限) Early to mid-tillering stage(Upper limit/ Lower limit)	分蘖末期 (上限/下限) Late tillering stage (Upper limit/ Lower limit)	拔节孕穗-抽穗开花期 (上限/下限) Jointing-booting to heading-flowering stage(Upper limit/Lower limit)	乳熟期 (上限/下限) Milky stage (Upper limit/ Lower limit)
常规灌溉 CF	30 mm/10 mm	80 mm/10 mm	80 mm/10 mm	80 mm/10 mm	80 mm/10 mm
轻度干湿交替灌溉 MID	30 mm/10 mm	30 mm/−10 kPa	30 mm/−20 kPa	30 mm/−10 kPa	30 mm/−10 kPa
中度干湿交替灌溉 MOD	30 mm/10 mm	30 mm/−20 kPa	30 mm/−30 kPa	30 mm/−20 kPa	30 mm/−20 kPa
重度干湿交替灌溉 SED	30 mm/10 mm	30 mm/−30 kPa	30 mm/−40 kPa	30 mm/−30 kPa	30 mm/−30 kPa

干湿交替灌溉 AWD	返青期 (上限/下限) Regreening stage (Upper limit/ Lower limit)	分蘖初-中期 (上限/下限) Early to mid-tillering stage(Upper limit/ Lower limit)	分蘖末期 (上限/下限) Late tillering stage (Upper limit/ Lower limit)	拔节孕穗-抽穗开花期 (上限/下限) Jointing-booting to heading-flowering stage(Upper limit/Lower limit)	乳熟期 (上限/下限) Milky stage (Upper limit/ Lower limit)
常规灌溉 CF	30 mm/10 mm	80 mm/10 mm	80 mm/10 mm	80 mm/10 mm	80 mm/10 mm
轻度干湿交替灌溉 MID	30 mm/10 mm	30 mm/−10 kPa	30 mm/−20 kPa	30 mm/−10 kPa	30 mm/−10 kPa
中度干湿交替灌溉 MOD	30 mm/10 mm	30 mm/−20 kPa	30 mm/−30 kPa	30 mm/−20 kPa	30 mm/−20 kPa
重度干湿交替灌溉 SED	30 mm/10 mm	30 mm/−30 kPa	30 mm/−40 kPa	30 mm/−30 kPa	30 mm/−30 kPa

年份 Year	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	单位面积穗数 Effective panicles (×10⁴ hm⁻²)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁶hm⁻²)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t hm⁻²)
2023	CF	568.8±12.2 b	74.3±1.1 b	422.6±2.7 b	89.6±0.7 a	25.2±0.09 a	9.5±0.04 b
	MID	583.4±3.7 a	77.5±0.3 a	452.1±4.5 a	89.5±0.3 a	25.2±0.25 a	10.2±0.08 a
	MOD	561.0±7.5 b	76.4±1.1 ab	428.6±0.6 b	88.5±0.5 b	24.8±0.17 b	9.4±0.02 b
	SED	543.3±3.4 c	76.5±1.0 ab	415.6±4.4 c	88.4±0.6 b	24.5±0.01 c	8.9±0.05 c
2024	CF	506.3±3.1 b	77.7±0.8 b	393.3±5.5 b	89.1±0.9 ab	25.3±0.10 a	8.9±0.02 b
	MID	548.0±4.8 a	79.7±0.5 a	436.7±2.1 a	89.9±0.2 a	25.7±0.12 a	10.1±0.06 a
	MOD	508.2±2.9 b	77.2±0.6 b	392.3±3.7 b	89.4±0.3 ab	25.3±0.05 b	8.9±0.04 b
	SED	484.1±6.7 c	77.2±1.6 b	373.7±12.8 c	88.8±1.7 b	25.0±0.20 c	8.3±0.15 c
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		139.26***	7.28*	56.26***	0.35ns	20.34***	96.06***
灌溉方式 Irrigation (I)		23.14***	2.68ns	27.62***	0.79ns	10.01***	166.24***
Y×I		1.85ns	0.85ns	1.97ns	0.29ns	1.07ns	7.30**

年份 Year	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	单位面积穗数 Effective panicles (×10⁴ hm⁻²)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁶hm⁻²)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t hm⁻²)
2023	CF	568.8±12.2 b	74.3±1.1 b	422.6±2.7 b	89.6±0.7 a	25.2±0.09 a	9.5±0.04 b
	MID	583.4±3.7 a	77.5±0.3 a	452.1±4.5 a	89.5±0.3 a	25.2±0.25 a	10.2±0.08 a
	MOD	561.0±7.5 b	76.4±1.1 ab	428.6±0.6 b	88.5±0.5 b	24.8±0.17 b	9.4±0.02 b
	SED	543.3±3.4 c	76.5±1.0 ab	415.6±4.4 c	88.4±0.6 b	24.5±0.01 c	8.9±0.05 c
2024	CF	506.3±3.1 b	77.7±0.8 b	393.3±5.5 b	89.1±0.9 ab	25.3±0.10 a	8.9±0.02 b
	MID	548.0±4.8 a	79.7±0.5 a	436.7±2.1 a	89.9±0.2 a	25.7±0.12 a	10.1±0.06 a
	MOD	508.2±2.9 b	77.2±0.6 b	392.3±3.7 b	89.4±0.3 ab	25.3±0.05 b	8.9±0.04 b
	SED	484.1±6.7 c	77.2±1.6 b	373.7±12.8 c	88.8±1.7 b	25.0±0.20 c	8.3±0.15 c
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		139.26***	7.28*	56.26***	0.35ns	20.34***	96.06***
灌溉方式 Irrigation (I)		23.14***	2.68ns	27.62***	0.79ns	10.01***	166.24***
Y×I		1.85ns	0.85ns	1.97ns	0.29ns	1.07ns	7.30**

年份 Year	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	灌溉水用量 Irrigation water consumption(mm)	灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water use efficiency(kg·m⁻³)
2023	CF	575.1±5.86 a	1.66±0.03 c
	MID	504.9±6.90 b	2.03±0.02 a
	MOD	481.5±5.39 c	1.95±0.03 b
	SED	467.7±10.34 d	1.92±0.05 b
2024	CF	628.5±4.45 a	1.41±0.01 d
	MID	526.5±6.26 b	1.91±0.03 a
	MOD	512.8±5.10 c	1.73±0.05 b
	SED	501.0±4.85 d	1.66±0.02 b
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		59.57***	80.92***
灌溉方式 Irrigation (I)		137.58***	62.21***
Y×I		2.18ns	2.06ns