水稻矮缩病毒对介体昆虫黑尾叶蝉生物学参数及种群增长的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】水稻矮缩病毒(RDV)是水稻普通矮缩病的病原。该病害主要依赖于黑尾叶蝉经卵以持久增殖方式传播,危害水稻。本研究旨在明确RDV对黑尾叶蝉存活、发育、繁殖和种群增长的影响,分析病毒对介体昆虫的间接影响。【方法】采用室内实验比较了黑尾叶蝉在健康水稻及感病水稻上的发育繁殖情况,组建了实验种群生命表,并调查了RDV对种群增长的影响。【结果】与健康水稻相比,感病水稻上叶蝉若虫期存活率更高,雌若虫发育历期显著缩短,雄成虫寿命显著延长,产卵量显著增加,其他生物学参数无显著差异。五个生命表参数仅净生殖率(R₀)存在显著差异,感病水稻上叶蝉R₀显著高于健康水稻。饲喂感病水稻的养虫笼内叶蝉种群增长更快,总成虫数量更多,在接虫后的第4、5和6月显著高于健康水稻上的数量。【结论】水稻矮缩病毒可以提高黑尾叶蝉的存活率和产卵量,并促进种群的增长。

关键词: 水稻矮缩病毒, 黑尾叶蝉, 生物学参数, 生命表, 种群增长

Abstract:

【Objective】 The rice dwarf virus (RDV), a phytoreovirus in the family Reoviridae, is the pathogeny of rice dwarf virus disease. RDV is mainly transmitted by green rice leafhoppers, Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in a persistent-propagative manner and is transovarially transmitted to offspring and caused great decreases to rice yields. Our aim is to study the effects of RDV on leafhoppers survival, development, reproduction and population growth, and to explore the “double” damage mechanism by RDV and vector green rice leafhoppers and finally to reveal the mechanism within the tritrophic relationship.【Method】 We compared the biological parameters of the green rice leafhoppers on RDV-infected and non-infected rice plants, life table of experimental population of leafhopper was established. We also analyzed the influence of RDV on green rice leafhoppers population growth.【Result】 Compared with healthy rice plants, female nymphal duration was significantly shorter, nymph survival, male adult longevity and fecundity were significantly longer/higher on RDV-infected rice plants. Other biological parameters were not largely affected. Among the five life table parameters, only net reproductive rates (R₀) was significantly affected, it was largely higher on RDV-infected rice plants compared with healthy rice plants. The green rice leafhopper population grew faster on RDV-infected rice plants and the total number of adults was significantly higher than healthy rice plants at the 4th, 5th and 6th month after inoculation.【Conclusion】 RDV could enhance survival rate, fecundity and accelerate population growth of green rice leafhoppers.

Key words: Rice dwarf virus, Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler), biological parameter, life table, population growth

中图分类号:

S435.111.4⁺9

王前进, 党聪, 方琦, 叶恭银. 水稻矮缩病毒对介体昆虫黑尾叶蝉生物学参数及种群增长的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(1): 89-95.

Qianjin WANG, Cong DANG, Qi FANG, Gongyin YE. Influence of Rice dwarf virus on Biological Parameters and Population Growth of Vector Insect Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(1): 89-95.

图/表 6

图1 黑尾叶蝉取食健康及感病水稻的若虫期存活率

Fig. 1. Survival rate of nymphs of green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) reared on RDV-infected rice compared with non-infected rice.

表1 黑尾叶蝉取食健康及感病水稻时的生物学参数

Table 1 Biological parameters of green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) reared on RDV-infected rice compared with non-infected rice.

生物学参数 Biological parameters	健康水稻 Non-infected rice	感病水稻 RDV-infected rice	P
雄若虫历期 Total nymphal duration of males/d	22.7±0.6 (27)	21.9±0.5 (21)	0.287
雌若虫历期 Total nymphal duration of females/d	26.1±0.8 (21) **	23.2±0.4 (33)	0.003
雄成虫鲜质量 Fresh body weight per male adult/mg	2.4±0.1 (27)	2.3±0.1 (21)	0.358
雌成虫鲜质量 Fresh body weight per female adult/mg	4.2±0.1 (21)	4.1±0.1 (33)	0.935
雄成虫寿命 Male longevity/d	29.5±1.7 (27) **	37.6±2.0 (21)	0.004
雌成虫寿命 Female longevity/d	27.5±1.4 (21)	31.2±1.5 (33)	0.100
产卵量 Fecundity (eggs per female)	188.7±21.0 (21) *	245.9±17.4 (33)	0.043

图2 黑尾叶蝉取食健康及感病水稻时的逐日存活情况A–健康水稻;B–感病水稻。

Fig. 2. Daily survival of green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) reared on RDV-infected rice compared with non-infected rice.

表2 黑尾叶蝉取食健康及感病水稻时的生命表参数

Table 2 Life table parameters of green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) reared on RDV-infected rice compared with non-infected rice.

生命表参数 Life table parameter	健康水稻 Non-infected rice	感病水稻 RDV-infected rice
内禀增长率Intrinsic rate of increase(r_m)	0.1245±0.0013 a	0.1346±0.0018 a
周限增长率Finite rate of increase(λ)	1.1327±0.0011 a	1.1370±0.0030 a
净生殖率Net reproductive rate(R₀)	141.73±4.75 b	204.24±7.52 a
世代平均历期Mean generation time(T)/d	39.89±0.37 a	39.54±0.47 a
种群加倍时间Population double time(DT)/d	5.63±0.06 a	5.19±0.04 a

图3 黑尾叶蝉取食健康及感病水稻时的年龄特征存活率(lx)和雌虫日均产卵量(mx)

Fig. 3. Age-specific survivorship(lx) and age-specific fecundity(mx) of green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) reared on RDV-infected rice compared with non-infected rice.

图4 黑尾叶蝉取食健康及感病水稻时的种群增长情况初羽化的黑尾叶蝉（♀ & ♂）。*代表同一调查时间两处理之间差异达0.05显著水平(t测验)。

Fig. 4. Population growth of green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) reared on RDV-infected rice compared with non-infected rice.Number (mean± SE) of green rice leafhopper total adults per cage at seven sampling time which reared on RDV-infected rice plants compared with non-infected rice plants are showed in the figure, each cage was inoculated with 1 newly emerged female and 1 newly emerged male adult. The asterisks indicate statistical significance, as determined by the Student’s t-test between the data in the same survey time (P < 0.05).

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