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10 January 1999, Volume 13 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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综述与专论
研究报告
研究简报
研究简讯


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综述与专论

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On the Combining Ability Selection in Hybrid Rice Breeding Lu Zuomei 1999, 13(1): 1-5 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (486KB) ( )   Good specific combining ability (SCA) combinations should be obtained from good general combining ability(GCA) parents. This is a practice of hybrid maize breeding all over the world and will be the inevitable way for hybrid rice breeding development in our country. The performance, heterosis and combining ability components in hybrid rice are analyzed. Some suggestions of strengthening the combining ability selection in hybrid rice are also proposed.

研究报告

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Yield Heterosis Performance and Their Parental Genetic Diversity in Rice (in English) Luo Lijun,Mei Hanwei,Yu Xinqiao,Wang Yiping,Zhong Daibin,Ying Cunshan,A. H. Paterson 1999, 13(1): 6-10 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (332KB) ( )   Yield heterosis performance and its relationship with parental genetic diversity were investigated by using molecular marker technology and recombination inbred line (RIL) populations. The results indicated that the highest grain yield in F1 plant can be achieved when male parent Zhong 413 crossed with the female parent consisting of about 80% theJaponica genome.

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Inheritance of Blast Resistance in Two Japonica Rice Landraces from Taihu Lake Area Li Peifu,Zhai Huqu,Zhang Hongsheng,Lu Zhiqiang,Chen Zhiyi,Wang Faming 1999, 13(1): 11-14 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (305KB) ( )   Two japonica rice landraces Baodao and Heikezijing from the rice-growing area of Taihu Lake in China, which were highly resistant to the various Chinese races of rice blast (Pyricularia grisea), were crossed with the susceptible Lijiang Xintuanheigu without any resistance genes to known races of the pathogen to produce hybrid progenies. The seedlingplants of parents, F1, F2, BC1 and selected F3 derived lines in the F2 were inoculated with the mostly prevalent race ZG1 andvirulent race ZA49 respectively in the greenhouse to determine the inheritance of resistance to blast in two landraces. The results indicated that the resistance of the Baodao and Heikezijing to races ZG1 and ZA49 were dominant and monogenic and nonallelic each other. It was found that the two resistance genes in the landraces were independent with the three known loci Pi-km, Pi-ta and Pi-b in the near isogenic lines.

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Genetic Analysis of Five Low Amylose Content Mutants Induced from a Japonica Rice Hexi 4 Sun Youquan,Kazuo Tse,Katsutoshi Okuno,Zhou Yuping,Yang Xiaohong 1999, 13(1): 15-18 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (272KB) ( )   The genetic analysis of the low amylose content mutants YM1, YM2, P152, P153, and P154 induced fromjaponica rice Hexi 4 was cartted out. The recessive genes conditioning lower amylose content in the low amylose content mutants are alleies each other and nonallelic to the wx locus. The segregation of F2 of the crosses between low amylose contentmutants and YM1 with higher amylose content (10. 50%) fits the inheritance mode of single gene. The gene conditioninghigher amylose content is dominant to lower amylose content.

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Homozygous Lines of Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Obtained via Anther Culture Si Huamin,Fu Yaping,Xiao Han,Hu Guocheng,Cao Junping,Huang Danian,Sun Zongxiu 1999, 13(1): 19-24 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (478KB) ( )   Hundreds of anther-derived lines from transgenic rice plants with insertion of bar gene were obtained by a PAA based one-step method of anther culture. Inheritance and expression of transgene bar in 6 and 25 anther-derived lines from two primary transformants Jingyin 119-B3 and Jingyin 119-B4 respectively which were obtained with Biolistics were analyzed. bar gene expressed normally in haploid and diploid plants as in their parents. PCR and Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from some anther-derived lines indicated that bar gene was intact after anther culture and there was no change of integrationpatterns in most lines. Our results demonstrated that anther culture could be used for rapid production of transgene-homozygous lines from transgenic rice plants, even from transgenic plants with multi-locus insertion. System of transformation-anther culture-breeding and/or genetic study was also discussed.

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Morphological Characters of Plant Opals from Motor Cells of Rice in the Neolithic Age of the Taihu Region Zheng Yunfei,H Fujiwara,You Xiuling,Yu Weijie,Liu Bin,Ding Jinlong,Wang Cailin,T Udatsu 1999, 13(1): 25-30 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (488KB) ( )   To determine subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L. ) cultivated in the Neolithic Age of the Taihu region, 26 samples of potsherd, burned soil and soil from Luojiajiao, Majiabang, Nanhebang, Lababang, Shuitianfan sites in Zhejiang Province and Longnan, Xujiawan sites in Jiangsu Province were analyzed for plant opals from motor cells of rice. The morphological characters of plant opals detected from those were investigated. Rice plant opals were found in 11 samples from threestages called Majiabang, Songze and Liangzhu Culture. Results of morphological analysis showed the vertical and horizontallength from the Songze and Liangzhu Culture have increased by 15. 73%, 15. 15 % and 11. 73 %, 15. 19% over those from theMajiabang Culture, respectively, indicating the rice to evolve into keng(japonica). Discriminant results indicated rice cultivated in the Songze and Liangzhu Culture belongs to keng(japonica). At earlier period of the Majiabang Culture, there were negative discriminant values, but the absolute value were very small, indicating they differ from hsien(indica) cultivated in present-day. Changes of Morphology of plant opals implied the rice cultivated in the earlier Neolithic Age to have a potentiality of evolving into keng (japonica ).

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Protective Effect of Choline Chloride on Rice under Chilling Stress at Seedling Stage Liang Yuzhou,He Ruotian 1999, 13(1): 31-35 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (359KB) ( )   Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. W251) was sprayed with 0, 50, 100, 300, 500, 700, 1000 mg/L of choline chloride during seedling stage. One week after spraying, seedlings were treated with low temperature (3-4℃ ) for 48 hours. In comparison with the control, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and the content of chlorophyll in rice seedling treated with choline chloride were all increased in varying degrees, the level of malondialdehyde in rice seedling and the leakage of electrolytes from rice seedling treated with choline chloride were decreased. The content of bound water was increased, while the content of free water was decreased for rice seedling treated with choline chloride, as a result the level of soluble sugar, proline and soluble protein were increased. The above results indicated that the choline chloride had protective effect on the membrane lipids and increased the level of protective substance for cold-tolerance in rice seedling under chilling stress. The best protective effect was achieved with 300 mg/L of choline chloride treatment.

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Change of Oxygen Metabolism in Indica Type Dual-Purpose Genie Male Sterile Rice during Fertility Conversion Li Meiru,Liu Hongxian,Wang Yilou,Li Ping,Zhang Xu,Lin Daoxuan,Huang Nongrong,Kong Qingni,Liu Yanzhuo 1999, 13(1): 36-40 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (360KB) ( )   The indica type dual-purpose genic male sterile rice GD1S and N19S and the conventional rice cultivar Jingxian 89 were used as experimental materials. Both GD1S and N19S sown under longday and high temperature conditions on the 1 -10 March were all sterile. In this time, contents of GSH (glutathione) and AsA (ascorbate) in flag leaves and panicles in various developmental stages or spikelet and anther at pollen ripening stage were all lower than those in Jingxian 89. GD1S and N19S sown under short day and low temperature conditions on the 11 - 20 July were fertile. In this time, the contents of GSH and AsA in various developmental stages were all higher than those in Jingxian 89. Activities of GR(glutathione reductase), AsA-POD(peroxidase) and SOD(superoxide dismutase) in the dual-purpose genic male sterile line during fertile stages were also higher than those in Jingxian 89. POD activity in flag leaves in various developmental stages under two kinds of photoperiod and temperature were all higher than those in Jingxian 89, the POD activity were higher in fertile stage especially. Decreasing in active oxygen scavenging capacity may lead to imbalance of forming and scavenging of active oxygen and dysfunction of active oxygen metabolism. It is suggested that the abortion of the dual-purpose genic male sterile rice is associated with decreasing in active oxygen scavenging capacity in cell.

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Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Lipid Peroxidation and Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes in Rice (in English) Peng Changlian,Lin Zhifang,Lin Guizhu 1999, 13(1): 41-45 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (366KB) ( )   Four rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L. ) and two wild rice species (O. officinalis, O. spontanea) were grown under two big tents in the field and exposed to natural sunlight. The CO2 concentrations in these tents were kept at 350 μL/L(ambient) and 600 μL/L(elevated), respectively, which was monitored by an infrared CO2 analyzer and controlled by a computer. Under natural conditions, the activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD) in leaves of six rices differed with their origin. In comparison to ambient CO2 control plants in the tents, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and PODactivity in rice leaves growing in the tent with elevated CO2 concentration decreased to different extents, but the activities ofSOD and CAT showed intraspecific variations. When leaf segments were submitted to methyl viologen photooxidation under a light intensity of 20 umol/m2·s, the activities of antioxidative enzymes showed significant changes. CAT activity was enhanced by 1. 7 6. 5 folds (at ambient CO2) and 1. 0-3. 8 folds (at elevated CO2) of untreated control. On the contrary, SOD and POD activities were all reduced in leaves of three tested rices growing either at 350 μL/L or at 600 μL/L CO2. Photooxidation resulted in an increase of MDA content, but the MDA increment was inhibited by elevated CO2 concentration. The results indicated that activities of the three antioxidative enzymes in rice leaves were regulated by CO2 concentration and photooxidative condition. Elevated CO2 concentration showed a protective effect against the peroxidative damage of lipids inducedby methyl viologen photooxidation.

研究简报

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Virulence Comparison of Brown Planthopper Populations from Paddy Field and Overwintered in Greenhouse Lu Zhongxian,Yu Xiaoping,Chen Jianming,Zheng Xusong,Tang Jian,Zhang Zhitao 1999, 13(1): 46-48 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (200KB) ( )   The virulence characteristics of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, from paddy field population and greenhouse population collected in late rice field last year was compared. The results showed that those two populations could infest successfully the resistant rice variety IR26 bearing resistant gene Bph1, implying the characters of biotype 2. No significant differences in nymphal feeding preference, survival rate and duration among feeding the various resistant rice varieties TN1, IR26, and ASD7 were found.

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Tolerance of Rice Blast to Tricyclazole in Heilongjiang Province Huang Chunyan,Guo Mei,Shang Shiji,Li Hua 1999, 13(1): 49-50 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (227KB) ( )   Investigation of tolarance to Tricyclazole in rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea, Anamorph: Pyricularia grisea) from major rice cultivation regions of Heilongjiang province in 1995-1997 showed that the resistant isolates were found in many areas. The average EC50 of Tricyclazole to sensitive isolates in the regions of Harbin, Mudanjiang, Jiamusi, Suihua and some state farms were 10-20 mg/kg, 20-40 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg respectively. The average EC50 of resistant isolates were all far surpass 50 mg/kg. The average EC50 of resistant isolates to Tricyclazole is about 1. 25-5 times to sensitive ones.

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Aroma Genetic Model and Breeding of Aromatic Hybrid Rice Ren Guangjun,Lu Xianjun,Zhang Chi,Chen Guohua 1999, 13(1): 51-53 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (229KB) ( )   The crosses were made between the aromatic cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines Chuanxiang 28A and Chuanxiang84A and non-aromatic restorers CDR22, CH047, DH1, CH90625, and CH177 to study the genetic characteristics of aroma of single grain in F1 and F2 progenies. The results indicated that each grain in F1 was non-aromatic, and non-aroma of restorers was xenia, andhybrid rice grains (the F2 progenies)segregated at a 15: 1 (non-aromatic: aromatic)ratio. Each grain of F1 and F2 of Chuanxiang 28A crossed with aromatic restorer 636 was aromatic. The pattern of double genes of aroma in aromatic hybrid rice was proposed and breeding methods and progress in aromatic maintainers and restorers and hybrids by using aromatic genes of rice germplasm were introduced.

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Molecular and Submicrostructural Research of Rice Seed Soaked in DNA Solution Liu Chunlin,Ruan Ying,Dong Yanyu 1999, 13(1): 54-56 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (230KB) ( )   Rice uncoated seeds were soaked in pBI121 plasmid solution, and screened in G418 solution. The rice seedlings resistant to G418 were got. Southern blot analysis indicates that NPT Ⅱ gene in pBI121 integrated into the genome of rice acceptor. By means of scanning electronic microscope, the surface of cell in apical point show that there were different microstructures between materials soaked in DNA solution and controls, which means that special gene expression must have been induced by DNA molecules.

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Effect of the Two-Pole Changed Magnetic Field on the Seedling Growth and Development of Lowland and Upland Rice Peng Yunsheng,Zhang Yehui,Li Xiaowei 1999, 13(1): 57-60 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (275KB) ( )   Treated lowland and upland rice seed by the two-pole changed magnetic field, the seedling weight, seedling height, root length and seed vitality are higher than that of untreated ones. The content of the chlorophyll a and b in lowland rice treated is higher, and the fluorescent intensity in extracted solution at 650 nm and 680 nm is lower than that in the untreated; Conversely, thechlorophyll a and b in upland rice treated is lower, and the fluorescent intensity is higher compared to that in the untreated. The conductivity in soaked solution of the lowland rice seed after having been treated is the same with that of the untreated, but in the upland rice is lower than that of the untreated.

研究简讯

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Yuexiangzhang: a New Indica Rice Variety with High Harvest Index and Good Grain Quality Chen Zhaoming,Liao Yaoping,Chen Shunjia,He Xiuying,Chen Yuehan 1999, 13(1): 61-61 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (78KB) ( )

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Methods for Evaluating Cold Tolerance in Rice Dai Luyuan,Ye Changrong,Xiong Jianhua,Wang Huiyi 1999, 13(1): 62-62 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (123KB) ( )