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10 July 2009, Volume 23 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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综述与专论
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综述与专论

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Progress in Research on Physiological and Ecological Response of Rice to Oxygen Nutrition and Its Environment Effects ZHAO Feng,WANG Dan ying,XU Chunmei ,ZHANG Weijian,ZHANG Xiufu 2009, 23(4): 335-341 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (54KB) ( )   s an important nutritional factor, oxygen performs great functions in physiological activities of rice. It is well known that in rice plants, atmospheric oxygen is transported from shoots to its roots through its continuous aerenchymatous system. Besides, rice roots also acquire oxygen from the rhizosphere environment across root epidermis. The leakage of O2 is enabled by a very permeable aerenchyma inside the roots which conducts O2 to the root tissue, and also enables the inside oxygen export to the external medium. The importance of oxygen is also reflected on the improvement of rhizosphere environment. By oxidizing Fe2+ and other phytotoxins, oxygen can detoxify the rhizosphere environment. In addition, the oxidation processes round the rhizosphere has significant effects on local pH and Eh, which exert an important influence on rice nutrient uptake. By decreasing oxygen concentration in the root medium, the transversal oxygen flux decrease and the longitudinal flux increase so as to compensate for the decrease of the former, but growing insufficiency in oxygen supply to the roots was observed in some older rice seedlings. This review summarized the progress in research on oxygen nutrient from the plant biological response and ecological effects of rhizosphere, which emphasized on the research of rice plant oxygen requirement, the effect of oxygen on rice morphology and anatomy, relative physiological and ecological mechanism, and the effect of oxygen on rice growing environment. The methods and techniques used to change the oxygen conditions in paddy field were also compared, and the further studies of rice oxygen nutrient were discussed.

研究报告

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Characteristic Analysis on a Novel Gene Interacted with OsHSP90 from Rice MA Bingtian,﹟,WAN Jia,﹟,ZHANG Qi,﹟,JIANG Bin,XU Yongju,LI Dongmei,XU Zhengjun 2009, 23(4): 342-348 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (3048KB) ( )   OsHSP90 is an abiotic stressinducible gene in rice. From the chilling and droughtinducible cDNA library of rice, a novel gene, OsHSPBP, which interacted with OsHSP90 was identified by using yeast twohybrid system. The 1321 bp full length cDNA of OsHSPBP was cloned. Its open reading frame (ORF) predicts a 244amino acid(aa) polypeptide with calculated molecular weight of 25.5 kD. A tify motif and a CCT_2 motif were found at the aa 97-132 and aa 185-211, respectively. Sequence similarity analysis indicated that the OsHSPBP had 30.66%-70.40% identities with the tify family proteins from other plants. Among the putative promoter region, six factors matched to ciselements related to the abiotic stress response were identified using the PlantCARE software. Semiquantitative RTPCR showed that the OsHSP90 and OsHSPBP might be detected in the similar degree under different stresstreatments, suggesting that OsHSP90 and OsHSPBP could be involved in the signal transmission and response to the abiotic stress in rice.

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Effect of Rhizosphere pH on the Expression of Plasma Membrane H+ATPase Gene in Rice Plants SHEN Jing,ZHU Yiyong,XU Guohua* 2009, 23(4): 349-353 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (1330KB) ( )   Effect of rhizosphere pH on the expression of plasma membrane H+ATPase genes (PMA) in rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare) was investigated. Rice seedlings were grown in a solution culture at pH 5.5 as control, and then transferred to the solution at pH 3.5 and 7.5, respectively. Expressions of OsPMA1, OsPMA2, OsPMA3, OsPMA7 were detected in leaves and roots. The expression levels of the PMA genes were lower at pH 3.5 or pH 7.5 than that at pH 5.5. The biomass and N content in rice seedlings decreased with the decreasing pH. The results indicated that the expression of plasma membrane H+ATPase genes in rice roots were inhibited at pH 3.5 by suddenly increased H+ concentration outside plant cells. In this way, the uptake of nutrients driven by plasma membrane H+ATPase was disturbed. Because pH 7.5 in root medium is equivalent to the cytosolic pH value, plasma membrane H+ATPase is not necessary to be overexpressed to overcome the higher H+ gradient across the plasma membrane as at low pH medium (pH 5.5 or pH 3.5). The rest of H+ATPase might be enough for the coupling of nutrient uptake. It is suggested that the rhizosphere pH had great influence on the transcriptional expression of plasma membrane H+ATPase and interfered the nutrient uptake and plant growth.

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Dissection of QTLs for Panicle Traits in Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from Super Hybrid Rice, Xieyou 9308 SHEN Xi-hong,CAO Li-yong,CHEN Shen-guang,ZHAN Xiao-deng,WU Wei-ming,CHENG Shi-hua* 2009, 23(4): 354-362 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (1852KB) ( )   Two hundred and eighty one recombinant inbred lines derived from Xieqingzao B×R9308 were planted in Lingshui, Hainan (2006, 2007) and Fuyang, Zhejiang (2006) in ricegrowing season. QTLs for seven selected panicle traits were determined by composite interval mapping with Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5. Fiftytwo significant QTLs were detected in the three trials, including seven QTLs for plant length(PL), eight QTLs for primary rachis branch(PRB), nine QTLs for secondary rachis branch(SRB), six QTLs for grain density(GD), seven QTLs for total number of spikelets per panicle(TNSP), eleven QTLs for number of filled grains per panicle(NFGP), four QTLs for spikelet fertility(SF). For all the QTLs detected, phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL ranged from 23% to 312%. Most of QTLs for yield components displayed dominant additive effects, whereas epistatic effects were not significant. A total of eight common QTLs for four panicle traits were detected in all the three trials, including qPL1，qPL61, qTNSP1, qTNSP2, qTNSP3, qNFGP1，qNFGP32 and qNFGP62. These QTLs, particularly qNFGP32 and qTNSP3 with stronger additive effects and higher contribution rates would be further studied for finescale mapping and/or cloning. Some intervals with QTL cluster were determined in QTL mapping and most of the QTLs tended to have pleiotropism. In a specific interval with QTL cluster, the effect direction of QTLs controlling the correlative trait tended to be similar, implying the possibility of genetic improvement of multiple traits using DNA markers closely linked to these QTLs.

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Response of Main Effect QTL for Plant Height and Flag Leaf Width to Artificial Selection in Rice WANG Yun,CHENG Li-rui,ZHENG Tian-qing,SUN Yong,ZHOU Zheng,YANG Jing,XU Zheng-jin,XU Jian-long,LI Zhi-kang, 2009, 23(4): 363-370 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (57KB) ( )   Artificial selection is a key procedure for animal and plant breeding. To detect response of main effect QTL (M-QTL) in mapping populations to artificial selection, stably expressed M-QTL was identified from backcross inbred lines in Teqing background (TQ-BIL) in Beijing and Hainan. Deviation of the alleles at the stably expressed M-QTLs in the extreme populations selected from TQ-BILs and Lemont/Teqing recombinant inbred lines (RILs) based on different selection intensities (5%, 10% and 20%) was detected, to analyze response of M-QTL of different traits to different selection intensities and effect of different genetic structures on selection response of M-QTL. The results indicated that the deviation of all alleles at M-QTLs identified from TQ-BILs resulted in increase of donor’s alleles in the extreme populations, and the directions of allele deviation and trait selection with allele deviation were consistent with that of additive effect of gene. However, donor’s alleles at M-QTLs were distorted to either increase or decrease in extreme populations selected from RILs. The deviation of alleles at M-QTLs for the two traits in the two kinds of populations was tightly associated with selection intensity. Some false positive and overlooked M-QTLs were found by comparison of M-QTL mapping results and their responses to selection in the populations with different genetic structures. Importance of confirmation was emphasized for the M-QTL identified from mapping populations. Considering characters of selective responses of different M-QTLs for different traits in different populations, utilization and caution of different M-QTLs in backcross breeding based on traditional phenotyping selection and markerassisted selection were discussed.

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Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci for Chalky Traits in japonica Rice LI Maomao,XU Lei,REN Junfang,CAO Guilan,YU Liqin,KOH Heejong,HE Haohua,HAN Longzhi 2009, 23(4): 371-376 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (2227KB) ( )   Using an F2 population including 200 individuals derived from a cross between two japonica rice DL115 with large grain and XL005 with small grain, the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for chalky traits of rice were identified by composite interval mapping using SSR markers. Three chalky traits, i.e. percentage of grains with chalkiness (PGWC), area of chalky endosperm (ACE) and degree of endosperm chalkiness (DEC), exhibited a continuous distribution in F3 lines, indicating that these chalky traits were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Five, two and one QTLs conferring chalky traits were detected on chromosomes 3, 5 and 6, respectively, including three QTLs for PGWC, two QTLs controlling ACE and three QTL conferring DEC. qPGWC3, qACE3b and qDEC3b were located in RM6832-RM411, RM15456-RM6832 and RM6266-RM15456, and explained 43.89%, 18.83% and 19.57% of the observed phenotypic variance for PGWC, ACE, and DEC, respectively. They were major QTLs and new QTLs. Among the detected eight QTLs, qPGWC6 allele was derived from XL005 without chalky grain, the other seven QTL alleles were derived from DL115 with big chalky grain. The gene actions were partially dominant at PGWC and ACE, and additive at DEC.

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Mapping of FertilityRestoring Gene for WildAbortive Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in a japonica Rice Restorer Line SWR78 ZHANG Honggen,ZHU Zhengbin,LI Bo,LIU Chao,TANG Shuzhu*,LIANG Guohua,GU Minghong 2009, 23(4): 377-382 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (320KB) ( )   According to the fertility segregation of F2 and BC1F1 populations derived from a cross between Suqiu A with wildabortive type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and SWR78(a japonical rice restorer line), it could be presumed that the fertility restoration of this cross was controlled by three genes. Then, individuals with absolutely abortive pollen of F2 population were used to map the fertilityrestoring gene. The Rf4 gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 10 flanked by the markers RM5629, RM5373, STS1017 and STS1018 at the distances of 0.17, 0.03, 0.03 and 0.07 cM, respectively. The Rf4 gene was localized between RM5373 and STS1017, and the physical distance of the interval between the two markers was about 78 kb.

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Evaluation on Genetic Diversity of the Commercial Rice Varieties in Northeast China by Microsatellite Markers LI Hongyu,HOU Yuming,CHEN Yinghua,XU Zhengjin*,CHEN Wenfu,ZHAO Minghui,MA Dianrong,XU Hai,WANG Jiayu 2009, 23(4): 383-390 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (1245KB) ( )   Twentyfour phenotypic traits and 53 SSR markers were used to reveal the genetic diversity of 107 commercial rice varieties in Northeast China. The phenotypic genetic diversity was higher than that at DNA level. Among varieties in different released years，there was high similarity in genetic diversity between morphological markers and SSR markers, but no similarity in genetic diversity among varieties from different provinces. There existed a scarcity of genetic diversity in the Northeast China commercial rice population. With advance of years, some old alleles disappeared and some new ones appeared, and the new ones were more than the old ones. Genetic diversity of commercial rice varieties in the Northeast China was in the order of Heilongjiang> Jilin> Liaoning. Because of frequent interregional introduction of varieties, the genetic differentiation was not obvious among regions, and mainly came from genotype difference among varieties. There were some mutual complementary alleles among provincial subpopulations, with the largest number between Heilongjiang and Liaoning. There existed or lacked some specific alleles among varieties in different provinces and years. The commercial rice varieties in Northeast China were clustered into 5 groups and each group included the varieties in at least two periods or provinces.

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Indicajaponica Differentiation of Chloroplast DNA of Weedy Rice in the Changjiang and Huaihe River Valley of China YANG Jie,WANG Jun,CAO Qing,CHEN Zhide,TANG Linghua,WANG Yan ping,FANG Xianwen,WANG Cailin,ZHONG Weigong* 2009, 23(4): 391-397 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (2751KB) ( )   To detect the cytoplasmic origin of weedy rice in the ChangjiangHuaihe River Valley of China, an InDel marker cpDNA69 was developed based on the 69 bp deletion in indica chloroplast DNA ORF100(cpDNA Open Reading Frame 100). Three accessions of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) from Guangxi, China and 22 cultivars (O. sativa L.) and two F2 populations with indica and japonica rice as maternal parent respectively were investigated by the length polymorphism for ORF100 region. The nondeletion cpDNA ORF100 was found in japonica cultivars and the F2 plants with japonica rice as maternal parent, and the deletion cpDNA ORF100 was found in the indica cultivars and the F2 plants with indica rice as maternal parent. The three accessions of common wild rice carried the nondeletion cpDNA type and one indicalike cultivar developed from the hybrid of japonica and indica carried the same nondeletion cpDNA type. These results confirm that cpDNA69 was a perfect marker to distinguish the indica/japonica cpDNA ORF100. Then the indicajaponica differentiation of chloroplast DNA in 22 accessions of weedy rice from the Changjiang and Huaihe River Valley were investigated with cpDNA69. The cpDNA of Ludao from Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, and Tangdao from Huaiyuan, Laian, Quanjiao, Feidong, Anhui Province carried nondeletion type ORF100. However the cpDNA of red weedy rice discovered in recent years in Jiangsu Province carried the 69 bp deletion type ORF100. It is suggested that the indicajaponica differentiation of cpDNA has occured in weedy rice in the Changjiang and Huaihe River Valley.

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Relationship Between Plant Type and Rice Quality of japonica Hybrid Rice in Northern China HAO Xian-bin,MA Xiu-fang,HU Pei-song,ZHANG Zhong-xu,SUI Guo-min ,HUA Ze-tian 2009, 23(4): 398-404 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (2620KB) ( )   Using the canonical correlation analysis and the canonical correlation redundant analysis, the relationship between plant type and rice quality was studied with 100 crosses derived form 10 sterile lines ×10 restorer lines. There was complex relationship between part of the traits of the two aspects. The angle of the 2nd leaf from top, single panicle weight and amylose content, grain length played an important role in plant type and rice quality system, respectively. The angle of the second leaf from top, plant height, single panicle weight had a great effect on rice quality and and amylose content, brown rice rate, transparency were influenced by plant type traits. Selection index model indicated that japonica hybrid rice with good quality was characterized by such plant type: broad flag leaf and second leaf from top, narrow and short third leaf from top, low plant height, short culm, long and more panicles and low single panicle weight.

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Difference in Caryopsis Development Among Four Rice Varieties Differing in Grain Weight CHEN Yifang,GU Yunjie,WANG Zhong* 2009, 23(4): 405-413 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (9404KB) ( )   Caryopsis development was investigated with four rice varieties as materials which differed remarkably in grain weight. The number of endosperm cells was calculated by the technique that the endosperm cell suspension was filtered with a microspore filtering membrane. The structure of pericarp and endosperm cells was observed with a light microscope and an electron microscope. For the largegrain varieties, the caryopsis development was slower, the number and dry weight of endosperm cells, weight of each endosperm cell were more than those in the smallgrain ones. With the same grain weight, the caryopsis development and starch accumulation in indica rice were faster than those in japonica rice. In the largegrain varieties, the starch accumulation and cell growth yield in ovary wall cells were more than those in the smallgrain ones. Also the pericarp and the dorsal vascular bundles in the ovary maintained a longer functional period. The outer layer endosperm cells transformed into aleurone layer cells 7 days after flowering in the small grain varieties, but 10 days after flowering in the largegrain ones. The larger space formed by both the inner and outer glumes and longer active period of the caryopsis in the largegrain resulted in the notable expansion of the caryopsis.

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Effects of Elevated Night Temperature by FarInfrared Radiation at Grain Filling on Grain Quality of Rice DAI Yunyun,DING Yanfeng,LIU Zhenghui,WANG Qiangsheng,LI Ganghua,WANG Shaohua* 2009, 23(4): 414-420 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (3007KB) ( )   To determine the effects of elevated temperature during grain filling on grain quality of rice, Wuyujing 3 (japonica rice) was planted in pots under elevated night temperature(ENT) and elevated daytime temperature (EDT) at the grain filling stage by using farinfrared heaters. The two treatments both decreased brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate, while increased chalky rice rate and chalkiness. The effect of EDT was more significant. ENT decreased amylose content, whereas EDT increased it. Under ENT, starch granules were compact in arrangement with larger granule and clearer edge, by contrast, under EDT the starch granules were smaller and sphericshaped with few gaps. Xray diffraction patterns revealed larger relative crystallinity under both temperature treatments as compared to control with a less increase under ENT. The results show that compared with EDT, ENT exerted similar but less effects on milling quality, appearance quality and nutritional quality. However, effects of both treatments on starch structure, eating and cooking quality were different.

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Relationship Between Protein Composition and Total Protein Content and Starch RVA Profile Properties in Rice WU Hongkai,LIU Shijia,JIANG Ling,ZHANG Wenwei,WANG Yihua,REN Yulong,HAN Xiaohua,LIU Feng 2009, 23(4): 421-426 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (2660KB) ( )   A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between two japonica rice, W1721 with low glutelin content (LGC) and Lunhui 422 with normal glutelin content, was developed to investigate the effect of LGC gene on RVA profile properties and relationship between total protein content and starch RVA profile properties. According to SDSPAGE band type, genotypes of individuals at LGC locus were estimated: LGCLGC with low glutelin content and high prolamin content, lgclgc with high glutelin content and low prolamin content in the RIL population. The RVA profile characteristics of defatted rice showed breakdown and consistence values of LGCLGC were extremely significantly higher than those of lgclgc. The LGC gene exhibited a highly significant relative additive effect on consistence value (4.45%), explaining 12.81% of the phenotypic variance, whereas the LGC exhibited a significant relative additive effect on breakdown value (3.91%), explaining 481% of the phenotypic variance. For the genotype LGCLGC, total protein content had a negative and positive linear regression relationship with breakdown value (P<0.045) and setback value (P<0.030), explaining 9.86% and 11.48% of the phenotypic variance, respectively, whereas for the genotype lgclgc, total protein content had a negative linear regression relationship with setback value (P<0.006) and consistence value (P<0.000), explaining 13.41% and 27.88% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Combined with previous studies, it is deduced that eating quality of rice is determined, at least in part, by both the relative proportions of the two major protein fractions, glutelin and prolamin, and total protein content. Effect of total protein content on eating quality of rice varied with the relative proportions of glutelin and prolamin. Therefore, it may be possible to develop rice with desired levels of eating quality by breeding varieties with particular proportions of glutelin and prolamin and appropriate total protein content.

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Grain Thickness of japonica Rice Varieties and Its Influence on Eating Quality MENG Qinghong ,PAN Guojun,LI Xiahui,ZHANG Ruiying ,YAO Xinmiao ,WANG Weiwei,GUAN Haitao ,HUANG Xiaoqun ,WANG Cui 2009, 23(4): 427-432 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (824KB) ( )   The brown rice thickness and eating quality were investigated by using 71 varieties of northern japonica rice harvested in 2006 as materials. Brown rice thickness varied remarkably in the varieties with a coefficient of variation of 6.57%. The varieties with brown rice thickness from 1.81 mm to 2.10 mm accounted for 78.88% of the total varieties. The brown rice thickness was significantly positively correlated with taste value at 1% probability level. Taste value, protein content, amylose content and RVA viscosity properties of rice grains for five japonica rice varieties were determined following classification based on brown rice thickness with a grain separator. Brown rice thickness had a significant effect on rice quality parameters, such as rice protein content, RVA profile characteristics and taste value. The taste quality was improved with increasing thickness of brown rice for the same variety. Meanwhile the necessity on thickness as an index for breeding was discussed.

研究简报

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Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to Rice Blast in Guangxi Wild Rice Resources WEI Yanping,HUANG Dahui,CHEN Yingzhi,LIU Chi,YANG Lang,LUO Xuemei,MA Zengfeng,ZHANG Yuexiong,LIU Yali,YANG Xinqing,LI Rongbai, 2009, 23(4): 433-436 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (35KB) ( )   Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most destructive diseases in rice worldwide. Exploitation of resistance gene resources for rice breeding is of most importance in control of this disease. Thirtyeight of 1500 accessions of Oryza rufipogon Griff. and 18 of 113 accessions of O. officinalis Wall. ex Watt. originated from Guangxi, China were found to be resistant to the disease. In natural field nursery assessment, there was no significant difference in the frequency distributions at different disease index levels in different years for O. rufipogon and O. officinalis. The frequency and resistance stability of resistant plants in O. officinalis were obviously higher than those in O. rufipogon, which indicated that the O. officinalis species was a specific resistant type to the blast, with new type of resistance genes of important value. The study also indicated that homozygosity by selfing could significantly enhance the mean resistance level of O. rufipogon and O. officinalis. In natural field nursery assessment, the ratio of resistant plants had not significant correlation with genetic diversity in the regional population groups of O. rufipogon.

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Breeding of Restorer Lines of Hybrid Rice with Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene Xa23 by Using MarkerAssisted Selection ZHENG Jiatuan,TU Shihang,ZHANG Jianfu,ZHENG Yi,ZHAO Kaijun,ZHANG Shuijin,XIE Huaan 2009, 23(4): 437-439 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (103KB) ( )   The bacterial blight resistance gene Xa23 from a NIL CBB23 was introduced into a restorer line HK01，which is susceptible to bacterial blight, by crossing and markerassisted selection. Twelve homologous restorer lines with Xa23 were obtained through testing the flanking marker C189. An elite restorer line (K10) with high resistance to bacterial blight and good restoring ability and high yield potential was selected.

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Grading Rice Grains Using a MultiStructure Neural Network Approach LIU Yingying,DING Weimin*,SHEN Mingxia 2009, 23(4): 440-442 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (505KB) ( )   A multistructure neural network (MSNN) was proposed and applied to classify five classes of rice grains. The MSNN model consisted of five parallel multilayer feedforward neural networks (MLNN). With two hidden layers MLNN was trained using morphological and color features of the rice grains extracted from their images as input. The average classification accuracy of MSNN was 92.66%, with an increase of over 504 percent points than that of MLNN; moreover the network training time for MSNN was shorter than that for MLNN.

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Changes in Activities of Key Enzymes for Starch Synthesis and Glutamine Synthetase During Grain Filling of Rice Hybrid Progeny LI Xiaoguang,LIU Haiying,JIN Zhengxun,LIU Hongliang,HUANG Xing,XU Meilan 2009, 23(4): 443-446 .  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2009.04.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (2245KB) ( )   The hybrid progenies differed in amylose and protein contents in grains derived from Dongnong 423×Toukei 180 were used to study the changes in the activities of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPP), soluble starch synthase(SSS), starch branching enzyme(SBE), glutamine synthetase(GS) during grain filling. The activities of AGPP, SSS, SBE in the hybrid progenies with high and low amylose contents gradually increased and declined as a singlepeak curve during grain filling. The progeny with high amylose content peaked earlier in the AGPP, SSS and SBE activities and had higher GS activity at the early grain filling stage than those with low amylose content. The GS activity peaked earlier and was higher at the late stage of grain filling in the progeny with high protein content than in that with low protein content. It is suggested that the activities of key enzymes for starch synthesis and glutamin synthetase could be changed in oriented breeding for amylose and protein contents in grains.