Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Rice Growth and CH4 Emission from Paddy Fields Under Straw Incorporation

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210811

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration on rice growth and CH₄ emission under straw incorporation, so as to provide theoretical reference and lay a scientific basis for greenhouse gas emission assessment for rice production technology innovation concerning high yield and low carbon emission under climate change. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted in Open Top Chambers (OTC). Two CO₂ concentrations were designed, namely, ambient atmospheric CO₂ concentration (0.04%, aCO₂) and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (0.055%, eCO₂) with an equal amount of previous wheat straw incorporation. We analyzed the effects of eCO₂ concentration on rice yield and growth, CH₄ emission and the abundance of related microorganisms from paddy fields under straw incorporation, which could illustrate the influence mechanism of eCO₂ on CH₄ emission under that conditions. 【Result】The results showed that eCO₂ significantly promoted rice growth, i.e., eCO₂increased flag leaf area, aboveground biomass and rice yield by 25.0%, 22.0%, and 29.0%, respectively. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration significantly increased the number of panicles, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but eCO₂ have no effect on the number of grains per panicle. Under straw incorporation, eCO₂ trended to mitigate the CH₄ emission from rice paddies and reduced the yield-scared CH₄ emission by 39.4%. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration increased the copy numbers of pmoA, a key gene for methane oxidation in soil, by 20%, but had little effect on the copy number of mcrA, a key gene for methane production. 【Conclusion】Under the straw incorporation, eCO₂ not only improves rice yield but also reduces CH₄ emission from rice paddies.

Key words: elevated atmospheric CO₂, straw incorporation, greenhouse gase, rice yield, methane emission

摘要：

【目的】明确秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对水稻生长和稻田CH₄排放的影响，为气候变化下温室气体排放评估和丰产低碳的稻作技术创新提供理论参考和科学依据。【方法】利用开顶式气室(Open top chamber, OTC)进行田间试验，设置两个CO₂浓度处理，分别为正常大气CO₂浓度处理(简称aCO₂，CO₂浓度约为0.04%)和大气CO₂浓度升高处理(简称eCO₂，CO₂浓度约为0.055%)，每个处理的田块混入等量的前茬小麦秸秆，探明秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对水稻产量等生长特性、稻田CH₄排放及微生物丰度的影响，揭示秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对CH₄排放的影响机制。【结果】大气CO₂浓度升高显著促进水稻的生长，使剑叶叶面积增加25.0%，地上生物量增加22.0%，产量提高29.0%。大气CO₂浓度升高显著增加了穗数、结实率和千粒重，但对穗粒数影响不显著。秸秆还田下，大气CO₂浓度升高有降低稻田CH₄排放的趋势，使单位产量CH₄排放量降低了39.4%。大气CO₂浓度升高使土壤甲烷氧化关键基因pmoA的拷贝数增加了20.0%，但对甲烷产生关键基因mcrA的拷贝数影响较小。【结论】秸秆还田条件下，未来大气CO₂浓度升高不仅提高了水稻产量，而且有利于减少稻田温室气体CH₄的排放。

关键词: 大气CO₂升高, 秸秆还田, 温室气体, 水稻产量, 甲烷排放

ZENG Wenjing, QIU Lanying, CHEN Junjie, QIAN Haoyu, ZHANG Nan, DING Yanfeng, JIANG Yu. Effect of Elevated CO₂ Concentration on Rice Growth and CH₄ Emission from Paddy Fields Under Straw Incorporation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(5): 543-550.

曾文静, 邱岚英, 陈俊杰, 钱浩宇, 张楠, 丁艳锋, 江瑜. 秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对水稻生长和CH₄排放的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(5): 543-550.

Figures/Tables 5

References 56

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶面积系数 Leaf area index		地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g·m⁻²)
处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	剑叶 Flag leaf	倒2叶 Second leaf	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g·m⁻²)
aCO₂	102.3 ± 0.8 a	0.8 ± 0.0 a	0.9 ± 0.1 a	2067.8 ± 62.6 a
eCO₂	104.0 ± 0.7 a	1.0 ± 0.0 b	1.1 ± 0.1 b	2523.3 ± 105.1 b

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶面积系数 Leaf area index		地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g·m⁻²)
处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	剑叶 Flag leaf	倒2叶 Second leaf	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g·m⁻²)
aCO₂	102.3 ± 0.8 a	0.8 ± 0.0 a	0.9 ± 0.1 a	2067.8 ± 62.6 a
eCO₂	104.0 ± 0.7 a	1.0 ± 0.0 b	1.1 ± 0.1 b	2523.3 ± 105.1 b

处理 Treatment	每平方米穗数 Panicle number per square meter	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	产量 Yield /(g·m⁻²)
aCO₂	232.0 ± 7.2 a	203.7 ± 6.1 a	69.6 ± 0.6 a	23.4 ± 0.1 a	846.4 ± 34.1 a
eCO₂	276.0 ± 9.2 b	205.1 ± 8.6 a	74.2 ± 1.1 b	24.1 ± 0.2 b	1092.0 ± 56.1 b

处理 Treatment	每平方米穗数 Panicle number per square meter	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	产量 Yield /(g·m⁻²)
aCO₂	232.0 ± 7.2 a	203.7 ± 6.1 a	69.6 ± 0.6 a	23.4 ± 0.1 a	846.4 ± 34.1 a
eCO₂	276.0 ± 9.2 b	205.1 ± 8.6 a	74.2 ± 1.1 b	24.1 ± 0.2 b	1092.0 ± 56.1 b

Effect of Elevated CO₂ Concentration on Rice Growth and CH₄ Emission from Paddy Fields Under Straw Incorporation

秸秆还田下大气CO₂浓度升高对水稻生长和CH₄排放的影响

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