Effects ofBiochar Amendment to Soil on Life HistoryTraits of Laodelphaxstriatellus(Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on Rice Plants

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7113

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the potential of biochar application in the control of crop pests, weevaluated the effect of biochar amendment to soil on the small brown rice planthopper(Laodelphaxstriatellusas)on rice. 【Method】Laboratory experiments were conducted using a 2 × 3 factorial design to explore the effect of the two independent variables (biochar type and application level) on developmental and reproductive performances of the insect on potted rice plants.【Result】1) Biochar type and application level had an interactive effect on the nymphal duration, which though did not vary with application levels when corn or rice biochar was applied, yet significantly prolonged by 1.54 days when wheat biochar was applied at 30 g/kg compared to 18.70±0.30 d in the control. 2) Biochar type and application level did not have interactive effects on longevity of female adults. Biochar application level did not influence female adult longevity, but corn biochar significantly increased the longevity by 2.13 d compared to 23.70±0.48d with addition of rice biochar, for wheat biochar,by 3.10 d. 3) There was abiochar type × application levelinteraction effect on fecundity. Biochar amendment decreased lifetime fecundity of L. striatellusbut the effect varied with biochar type and application level. At 30 g/kg biochar level, the fecundity increased for corn biochar by 22.80 and 18.95 eggs compared to those, for rice and wheat biochar respectively. At 50 g/kg biochar level, the fecundity decreased for corn biochar by 16.90 and 21.60 eggs compared to thosefor rice biochar and wheat biochar.【Conclusion】Biochar amendment to soil can have a negative impact on fecundity of L. striatellus, yet theimpact varies with biochar type and application level.

Key words: biochar, rice planthopper, development, reproduction, soil amendment

摘要：

【目的】为评价土壤施用生物质炭在防治农作物害虫中的潜力,观察了土壤施用生物质炭对取食水稻的灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus)发育和生殖的影响。【方法】开展室内盆栽试验,采用生物质炭种类(玉米、水稻和小麦秸秆)与添加量（0、30和50g/kg）的2因素×3水平组合处理土壤,种植水稻苗、接种灰飞虱,观察灰飞虱的发育和生殖表现。【结果】1)生物质炭种类与添加量互作影响灰飞虱若虫历期,当施用玉米或水稻生物质炭时,不同添加量之间的若虫历期无显著差异;当施用小麦生物质炭时,添加30g/kg生物质炭处理下的若虫历期比对照(18.70±0.30 d)延长1.54 d。2)生物质炭种类与添加量没有显著互作影响雌成虫寿命。添加量不影响,但生物质炭种类具有显著影响,施用玉米或小麦生物质炭处理雌成虫寿命比水稻生物质炭处理雌成虫寿命(23.70±0.48d)分别延长2.13 d或3.10 d。3)生物质炭种类与添加量互作影响灰飞虱雌虫终身产卵量,施用生物质炭使生殖力下降,但下降幅度随生物质炭处理不同而异,当添加30g/kg生物质炭时,施用玉米生物质炭处理下的雌虫终身产卵量(176.40±6.84粒)比施用水稻或小麦生物质炭处理分别多22.80粒或18.95粒;当添加50g/kg生物质炭时,施用玉米生物质炭处理的雌虫终身产卵量(140.30±3.26粒)比施用水稻或小麦生物质炭处理分别少16.90粒或21.60粒。【结论】施用生物质炭可减弱灰飞虱的生殖力,减幅随生物质炭种类与添加量的不同而异。

关键词: 生物质炭, 稻飞虱, 发育, 生殖, 土壤改良

CLC Number:

Qiang FU, Baoping LI, Ling MENG. Effects ofBiochar Amendment to Soil on Life HistoryTraits of Laodelphaxstriatellus(Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on Rice Plants[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 1(1): 200-206.

傅强, 李保平, 孟玲. 土壤施用生物质炭对取食水稻的灰飞虱生活史特征的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 1(1): 200-206.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1. Effects of biochar type and application level on nymphal duration of L.striatellus. Error bar represent mean ± standard error; Different capital letters represent significant differences between application levels of the same biochar; different lowercase letters represent significant differences between biochar types at the same application level at α = 0.05 (two-tailed) level. The annotation applies to the following figures.

Fig. 2. Effects of biochar type and application level on nymphal survival of L. striatellus.

Fig. 3. Effects of biochar type and application level on proportion of females(A) and brachypterous forms(B) in L. striatellus.

Fig. 4. Effects of biochar type and application level on female adult longevity of L. striatellus.

Fig. 5. Effects of biochar type and application level on lifetime fecundity of L. striatellus.

Fig. 6. Effects of biochar type and application level on egg-hatching rate of L. striatellus.

References 28

[1]	Wang Y J, Bi Y Y, Gao C Y.The assessment and utilization of straw resources in China.AgricSci China, 2010, 9(12): 1807-1815.
[2]	Hayes M H B. Biochar and biofuels for a brighter future.Nature, 2006, 443(7108):144.
[3]	张斌, 刘晓雨, 潘根兴, 郑聚锋, 池忠志, 李恋卿, 张旭辉, 郑金伟. 施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(23): 4844-4853.
	Zhang B, Liu X Y, Pan G X, Zheng J F, Chi Z Z, Li L Q, Zhang X H, Zheng J W.Changes in soil properties, yield and trace gas emission from a paddy after biochar amendment in two consecutive rice growing cycles.SciAgric Sin, 2012, 45(23): 4844-4853. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	陈温福, 张伟明, 孟军. 农用生物质炭研究进展与前景. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(16): 3324-3333.
	Chen W F, Zhang W M, Meng J.Advances and prospects in research of biochar utilization in agriculture.SciAgric Sin, 2013, 46(16): 3324-3333.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Lehmann J, Gaunt J, Rondon M.Biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems-a review.Mitigation&Adaptat Strat Glob Chan, 2006, 11: 403-427.
[6]	Atkinson C J, Fitzgerald J D, Hipps N A.Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits frombiochar application to temperate soils: A review.Plant Soil , 2010, 37(3): 1-18.
[7]	Oguntunde P G, Fosu M, Ajayi A E, Giesen N V D. Effects of charcoal production on maize yield,chemicalproperties and texture of soil.BiolFertil Soils, 2004, 39: 295-299.
[8]	Elad Y, David D R, Harel Y M, Borenshtein M, Kalifa H B, Silber A, Graber E R.Induction of systemicresistance in plants by biochar, a soil-applied carbon sequestering agent.Phytopathology, 2010, 100: 913-921.
[9]	Hou X Q, Meng L, Li L, Pan G X, Li B P.Biochar amendment to soils impairs developmental and reproductive performances of a major rice pestNilaparvatalugens(Homoptera:Delphacidae). J ApplEntomol, 2016, 139(10):727-733.
[10]	张爱民, 刘向东, 翟保平, 顾晓莹. 温度对灰飞虱生物学特性的影响. 昆虫学报, 2008, 5l(6):640-645.
	Zhang A M, Liu X D, Zhai B P, Gu X Y.Influences of temperature on biological characteristics of the small brown planthopper ,Laodelphaxstriatellus(Fallén)(Hemiptera:Delphacidae). Entomol Sin, 2008, 51(6):640-645.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	荆裴, 白素芬, 刘芳. 灰飞虱取食行为刺吸电位波形的初步研究. 应用昆虫学报, 2013, 50(3):758-763.
	Jing P, Bai S F, Liu F.Prelimitary research on electrical penetration graph (EPG) waveforms in relation to feeding behavior of Laodelphaxstriatellus. Chin J ApplEntomol, 2013, 50(3):758-763. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Gaskin J W, Steiner C, Harris K, Das K C, Bibens B.Effects of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use.TransacAsabe, 2008, 51(6): 2061-2069. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	何绪生, 张树清, 佘雕, 耿增超, 高海英. 生物质炭对土壤肥料的作用及未来研究. 中国农学通报, 2011,27(15):16-25.
	He X S, Zhang S Q, She D, Geng Z C, Gao H Y.Effects of biochar on soil and fertilizer and future research, Chin AgricSci Bull, 2011, 27(15):16-25 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria:R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2014[2017-11-28]. ..
[15]	郭伟, 陈红霞, 张庆忠, 王一丁. 华北高产农田施用生物质炭对耕层土壤总氮和碱解氮含量的影响. 生态环境学报, 2011, 20(3): 425-428.
	Guo W, Chen H X, Zhang Q Z, Wang Y D.Effects of biochar application on total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the topsoil of the high-yield cropland in north China Plain.Ecol Environ Sci, 2011, 20(3): 425-428.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Xie Z B, Xu Y P, Liu G, Liu Q, Zhu J G, Tu C, James A, Georg C, Jean Y, Hu S J.Impact of biochar application on nitrogen nutrition of rice, greenhouse-gas emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics in two paddy soils of China.Plant Soil, 2013, 370:527-540.
[17]	Liu X Y, Li L Q, Bian R J, Chen D, Qu J J, Pan G X, Zhang X H, Zheng J W, Zheng J F.Effect of biochar amendment on soil-silicon availability and rice uptake.Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 2014, 177: 91-96.
[18]	张晶, 石扬娟, 任洁, 刘周, 石英尧. 硅肥用量对水稻茎秆抗折力的影响研究. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(3): 49-55.
	Zhang J, Shi Y J, Ren J, Liu Z, Shi Y Y.The effect of silicon fertilizer on flexural strength of rice culm.Chin AgricSci Bull, 2014, 30(3): 49-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Sogawa K.The rice brown planthopper: feeding physiology and host plant interactions.Ann Rev Entomol, 1982, 27: 49-73.
[20]	Sogawa K.Studies on feeding habits of the brown planthopper. Effects of nitrogen-deficiency of host plant on insect feeding.JpnApplEntomolZool, 1970, 14: 101-106.
[21]	Yoshihara T, Sogawa K, Pathak M D, Juliano B O, Sakamura S.Soluble silicic acid as a sucking inhibitory substance in rice against the brown planthopper (Delphacidae, Homoptera).EntomolExpAppl, 1979, 26:314-322.
[22]	Lehmann J, Rillig M C, Thies J, Masiello C A, Hockaday W C, crowley D. Biochar effects on soil biota-A review.Soil Biol&Biochem, 2011,43: 1812-1836.
[23]	Warnock D D, Lehmann J, Kuyper T W, Rilling M C.Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil-concepts and mechanisms.Plant Soil, 2007, 300: 9-20.
[24]	Koricheva J, Gange A C, Jones T.Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on insect herbivores: A meta-analysis.Ecology, 2009, 90(8): 2088-2097.
[25]	Bi H H, Song Y Y, Zeng R S.Biochemical and molecular responses of host plants to mycorrhizal infection and their role in plant defence.Allelop J, 2007, 20(1): 15-28.
[26]	Harel Y M, Elad Y, David D R, Shulchani R, Lew R, Graber E R.Biochar mediates systemic response of strawberry to foliar fungal pathogens.Plant Soil, 2012, 357: 245-257.
[27]	Walling L L.The myriad plant responses to herbivores.J Plant Growth Regul, 2000, 19: 195-216.
[28]	张文玲, 李桂花, 高卫东. 生物质炭对土壤性状和作物产量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(17): 153-157.
	Zhang W L, Li G H, Gao W D.Effect of biomass charcoal on soil character and crop yield.ChinAgricSci Bull, 2009, 25(17): 153-157.(in Chinese with English abstract)