Abstract: The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of Oryza meyeriana Baill.distributed in Yunnan Province was analyzed by using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat markers(ISSR).A total of 168 bands were amplified,of which 135 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB) was 80.36%.A genetic diversity was revealed as H=0.2666 and I=0.4028 at population level.Based on the administrative division,latitude and longitudes,river valleys,altitudes of their origins,the 34 populations could be divided into different groups,and their indexes of Na,Ne,H,I and PPB were calculated.Richer genetic diversity was discovered in the wild rice populations distributed in Simao Prefecture,followed by Lingcang,Xishuangbanna,Baoshan and Dehong Prefectures in order,as well as in the wild rice populations originated from the sites with altitudes higher than 710 m around the middle and lower region of the Lancang River belonging to the Pacific Ocean.The 34 populations could be classified into two groups,one group covered the wild rice only distributed in Simao Prefecture while the other covered those in Lingcang,Xishuangbanna and Dehong Prefectures.Moreover,the issue on how to effectively conserve the wild rice germplasm was discussed.

Key words: Oryza meyeriana, population, genetic diversity, inter-simple sequence repeat marker, germplasm

摘要： 应用13个ISSR引物对云南省分布的疣粒野生稻 (Oryza meyeriana Baill.) 34个居群的遗传多样性进行了分析。检测到135个多态性位点，多态性位点百分率(PPB)为80.36%。在居群水平上，基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.2666和0.4028。把云南疣粒野生稻34个居群分别按照行政区、经纬度、河流流域和海拔划分成不同类型，计算它们的 Na、Ne、H、I和 PPB各项数值，发现疣粒野生稻遗传多样性以思茅市最高，临沧、西双版纳次之，保山、德宏最低；太平洋水系澜沧江中下游海拔较高的疣粒野生稻居群多样性较丰富。可将云南疣粒野生稻分为两大群，一大群是思茅地区的材料，另一大群包含德宏、临沧、西双版纳地区的材料。最后讨论了疣粒野生稻种质资源保护的相关问题.

关键词: 疣粒野生稻, 居群, 遗传多样性, 简单重复序列区间标记, 种质资源