Chinese Journal OF Rice Science ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 388-398.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210803
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ZHANG Yujie, WANG Zhiqiang, MA Peng, YANG Zhiyuan, SUN Yongjian, MA Jun()
Received:
2021-08-09
Revised:
2022-01-25
Online:
2022-07-10
Published:
2022-07-12
Contact:
MA Jun
通讯作者:
马均
基金资助:
ZHANG Yujie, WANG Zhiqiang, MA Peng, YANG Zhiyuan, SUN Yongjian, MA Jun. Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Nitrogen Uptake, Utilization and Yield of Rice Under Wheat Straw Returning[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(4): 388-398.
张宇杰, 王志强, 马鹏, 杨志远, 孙永健, 马均. 麦秆还田下水氮耦合对水稻氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(4): 388-398.
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URL: http://www.ricesci.cn/EN/10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210803
年份 Year | 全氮 Total N/(g·kg−1) | 有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg−1) | 速效养分 Available nutrient/(mg·kg−1) | pH值 pH value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | K | ||||
2019 | 1.95 | 15.56 | 129.31 | 32.48 | 96.27 | 6.23 |
2020 | 2.04 | 22.31 | 116.42 | 23.35 | 78.81 | 5.98 |
Table 1. Basic physicochemical properties of topsoil (0-20 cm).
年份 Year | 全氮 Total N/(g·kg−1) | 有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg−1) | 速效养分 Available nutrient/(mg·kg−1) | pH值 pH value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | K | ||||
2019 | 1.95 | 15.56 | 129.31 | 32.48 | 96.27 | 6.23 |
2020 | 2.04 | 22.31 | 116.42 | 23.35 | 78.81 | 5.98 |
年份 Year | 播栽方式 Transplanting method | 播种时间 Sowing date (Month-day) | 移栽时间 Transplanting date (Month-day) | 主要生育时期 Main growth stage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分蘖盛期 Active tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 成熟期 Maturing stage | ||||
2019 | 人工移栽Artificial transplanting | 04-16 | 05-20 | 06-11 | 06-26 | 07-30 | 09-09 |
2020 | 人工移栽Artificial transplanting | 04-16 | 05-20 | 06-12 | 06-25 | 07-27 | 09-07 |
Table 2. Main growth stages of rice.
年份 Year | 播栽方式 Transplanting method | 播种时间 Sowing date (Month-day) | 移栽时间 Transplanting date (Month-day) | 主要生育时期 Main growth stage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分蘖盛期 Active tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 成熟期 Maturing stage | ||||
2019 | 人工移栽Artificial transplanting | 04-16 | 05-20 | 06-11 | 06-26 | 07-30 | 09-09 |
2020 | 人工移栽Artificial transplanting | 04-16 | 05-20 | 06-12 | 06-25 | 07-27 | 09-07 |
处理 Treatment | 水分管理模式 Water management | 氮肥施用模式 Nitrogen fertilizer | 秸秆还田方式 Straw returning |
---|---|---|---|
W1N1S1 | 干湿交替灌溉W1 | 优化施氮模式N1 | 全量翻埋还田S1 |
W1N0S1 | 干湿交替灌溉W1 | 不施氮N0 | 全量翻埋还田S1 |
W1N0S0 | 干湿交替灌溉W1 | 不施氮N0 | 不还田S0 |
W2N2S1 | 淹水灌溉W2 | 传统施氮模式N2 | 全量翻埋还田S1 |
W2N0S1 | 淹水灌溉W2 | 不施氮N0 | 全量翻埋还田S1 |
W2N0S0 | 淹水灌溉W2 | 不施氮N0 | 不还田S0 |
Table 3. Experimental design.
处理 Treatment | 水分管理模式 Water management | 氮肥施用模式 Nitrogen fertilizer | 秸秆还田方式 Straw returning |
---|---|---|---|
W1N1S1 | 干湿交替灌溉W1 | 优化施氮模式N1 | 全量翻埋还田S1 |
W1N0S1 | 干湿交替灌溉W1 | 不施氮N0 | 全量翻埋还田S1 |
W1N0S0 | 干湿交替灌溉W1 | 不施氮N0 | 不还田S0 |
W2N2S1 | 淹水灌溉W2 | 传统施氮模式N2 | 全量翻埋还田S1 |
W2N0S1 | 淹水灌溉W2 | 不施氮N0 | 全量翻埋还田S1 |
W2N0S0 | 淹水灌溉W2 | 不施氮N0 | 不还田S0 |
年份/处理 Year/Treatment | 有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×104·hm−2) | 每穗实粒数 Spikelets per panicle | 结实率 Seed-setting rate/% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight/g | 实际产量 Grain yield/(t·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | |||||
W1N1S1 | 175.50±1.94 a | 194.70±7.18 b | 92.73±0.35 ab | 33.61±0.36 a | 9.05±0.57 a |
W1N0S1 | 115.50±1.12 b | 197.57±4.80 b | 94.28±0.71 a | 31.84±0.50 b | 7.49±0.18 b |
W1N0S0 | 127.50±3.70 b | 215.99±4.14 a | 94.08±0.88 a | 31.69±0.18 b | 6.33±0.29 c |
W2N2S1 | 184.05±4.04 a | 195.43±0.09 b | 89.41±0.27 d | 31.96±0.22 b | 9.02±0.12 a |
W2N0S1 | 120.30±1.85 b | 214.89±1.90 a | 89.87±0.68 cd | 32.08±0.32 b | 7.03±0.23 bc |
W2N0S0 | 93.15±5.51 c | 217.17±3.47 a | 91.77±0.25 bc | 31.51±0.14 b | 6.10±0.11 c |
2020 | |||||
W1N1S1 | 169.44±2.90 b | 224.19±3.39 a | 81.86±0.89 c | 30.56±0.40 a | 9.47±0.35 a |
W1N0S1 | 141.36±1.49 c | 211.17±13.07 ab | 88.33±0.37 a | 30.77±0.52 a | 8.09±0.44 b |
W1N0S0 | 145.44±3.84 c | 202.22±11.95 ab | 82.52±0.65 bc | 30.43±0.50 a | 7.38±0.45 b |
W2N2S1 | 197.28±6.47 a | 193.51±1.28 b | 82.56±2.02 bc | 30.85±0.36 a | 9.32±0.34 a |
W2N0S1 | 152.88±8.44 c | 191.56±8.92 b | 83.92±0.81 bc | 30.51±0.56 a | 8.02±0.14 b |
W2N0S0 | 135.60±2.89 d | 196.17±8.49 ab | 86.25±1.50 ab | 30.51±0.28 a | 7.20±0.18 b |
Table 4. Effects of different water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning on rice yield and its composition.
年份/处理 Year/Treatment | 有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×104·hm−2) | 每穗实粒数 Spikelets per panicle | 结实率 Seed-setting rate/% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight/g | 实际产量 Grain yield/(t·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | |||||
W1N1S1 | 175.50±1.94 a | 194.70±7.18 b | 92.73±0.35 ab | 33.61±0.36 a | 9.05±0.57 a |
W1N0S1 | 115.50±1.12 b | 197.57±4.80 b | 94.28±0.71 a | 31.84±0.50 b | 7.49±0.18 b |
W1N0S0 | 127.50±3.70 b | 215.99±4.14 a | 94.08±0.88 a | 31.69±0.18 b | 6.33±0.29 c |
W2N2S1 | 184.05±4.04 a | 195.43±0.09 b | 89.41±0.27 d | 31.96±0.22 b | 9.02±0.12 a |
W2N0S1 | 120.30±1.85 b | 214.89±1.90 a | 89.87±0.68 cd | 32.08±0.32 b | 7.03±0.23 bc |
W2N0S0 | 93.15±5.51 c | 217.17±3.47 a | 91.77±0.25 bc | 31.51±0.14 b | 6.10±0.11 c |
2020 | |||||
W1N1S1 | 169.44±2.90 b | 224.19±3.39 a | 81.86±0.89 c | 30.56±0.40 a | 9.47±0.35 a |
W1N0S1 | 141.36±1.49 c | 211.17±13.07 ab | 88.33±0.37 a | 30.77±0.52 a | 8.09±0.44 b |
W1N0S0 | 145.44±3.84 c | 202.22±11.95 ab | 82.52±0.65 bc | 30.43±0.50 a | 7.38±0.45 b |
W2N2S1 | 197.28±6.47 a | 193.51±1.28 b | 82.56±2.02 bc | 30.85±0.36 a | 9.32±0.34 a |
W2N0S1 | 152.88±8.44 c | 191.56±8.92 b | 83.92±0.81 bc | 30.51±0.56 a | 8.02±0.14 b |
W2N0S0 | 135.60±2.89 d | 196.17±8.49 ab | 86.25±1.50 ab | 30.51±0.28 a | 7.20±0.18 b |
Fig. 2. Effects of different water-nitrogen coupling on the nitrogen release rate of wheat straw. Different letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 level by the Tukey test(n=12, df=11). W1 and W2 are alternating dry-wet irrigation and submerged irrigation, respectively. N0, N1 and N2 are non-nitrogen application, optimized nitrogen application mode and traditional fertilization model, respectively. S1 is straw returning. T-10d, AS, JS, JS-10d, HS and MS are 10 days after transplanting stage, full-tillering stage, jointing stage, 10 days after jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage, respectively.
Fig. 3. Michaelis-Menten equation fitting of straw nitrogen release rate with changing return days. W1 and W2 are alternating dry-wet irrigation and submerged irrigation, respectively. N0, N1 and N2 are non-nitrogen application, optimized nitrogen application mode and traditional fertilization model, respectively. S1, Straw returning.
Fig. 4. Effects of different management patterns of water and fertilizer and straw returning on N accumulation of aboveground part of rice. Different letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 level by the Tukey test(n=18, df=17). W1 and W2 are alternating dry-wet irrigation and submerged irrigation, respectively. N0, N1 and N2 are non-nitrogen application, optimized nitrogen application mode and traditional fertilization model, respectively. S1 and S0 are straw returning and no-straw returning, respectively. JS, HS and MS are jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage, respectively.
年份/处理 Year/Treatment | 茎鞘 Stem and sheath | 叶片 Leaf | 穗氮吸收量NUP/(kg·hm−2) | 氮素收获指数HNI/% | 氮-稻谷生产效率 PRFN/(kg·kg−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
转运量 Translocation /(kg·hm−2) | 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | 转运量 Translocation /(kg·hm−2) | 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | ||||||
2019 | |||||||||
W1N1S1 | 19.00±0.51 a | 22.42±0.56 a | 31.38±1.87 a | 37.92±1.30 a | 86.09±3.68 a | 75.35±1.40 ab | 64.53±1.06 d | ||
W1N0S1 | 7.49±0.18 c | 15.18±0.55 c | 16.18±0.68 c | 33.97±1.28 b | 49.27±1.87 b | 72.19±1.90 b | 85.96±1.92 b | ||
W1N0S0 | 4.82±0.05 d | 11.84±0.51 d | 9.53±0.23 d | 19.99±0.81 d | 46.96±0.92 bc | 71.16±2.62 b | 77.72±1.43 c | ||
W2N2S1 | 15.42±0.26 b | 17.70±0.57 b | 26.70±0.16 b | 35.31±0.45 ab | 85.49±1.11 a | 75.21±1.26 ab | 64.90±1.43 d | ||
W2N0S1 | 3.72±0.09 e | 8.13±0.20 e | 15.07±0.62 c | 30.46±1.12 c | 49.27±0.96 b | 75.43±0.59 ab | 84.79±1.18 b | ||
W2N0S0 | 3.30±0.05 e | 7.68±0.17 e | 9.90±0.36 d | 22.41±1.07 d | 42.41±1.01 c | 77.83±0.79 a | 94.41±2.67 a | ||
2020 | |||||||||
W1N1S1 | 30.46±0.31 a | 29.59±0.45 a | 58.07±1.19 a | 59.36±2.65 a | 106.17±1.76 a | 82.55±0.52 a | 61.68±0.94 c | ||
W1N0S1 | 13.63±0.44 d | 21.13±0.42 e | 21.01±0.83 c | 32.34±0.69 c | 63.93±0.95 d | 77.80±0.44 bc | 75.84±0.23 b | ||
W1N0S0 | 15.75±0.36 c | 26.72±0.33 b | 16.02±0.55 d | 29.32±0.86 c | 59.77±1.52 d | 75.60±1.02 cd | 81.32±1.08 a | ||
W2N2S1 | 21.56±0.34 b | 24.28±0.45 c | 39.37±1.15 b | 42.97±1.36 b | 92.94±0.89 b | 74.42±0.96 d | 63.65±0.45 c | ||
W2N0S1 | 7.31±0.21 f | 10.06±0.09 f | 16.15±0.34 d | 25.05±0.37 d | 73.89±2.66 c | 77.63±1.5 bcd | 73.89±1.63 b | ||
W2N0S0 | 11.99±0.20 e | 23.22±0.26 d | 13.04±0.28 e | 22.62±0.47 d | 51.34±0.74 e | 79.15±1.90 b | 81.51±1.18 a |
Table 5. Effects of different management patterns of water and fertilizer and straw returning on rice N translocation and N use efficiency.
年份/处理 Year/Treatment | 茎鞘 Stem and sheath | 叶片 Leaf | 穗氮吸收量NUP/(kg·hm−2) | 氮素收获指数HNI/% | 氮-稻谷生产效率 PRFN/(kg·kg−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
转运量 Translocation /(kg·hm−2) | 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | 转运量 Translocation /(kg·hm−2) | 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | ||||||
2019 | |||||||||
W1N1S1 | 19.00±0.51 a | 22.42±0.56 a | 31.38±1.87 a | 37.92±1.30 a | 86.09±3.68 a | 75.35±1.40 ab | 64.53±1.06 d | ||
W1N0S1 | 7.49±0.18 c | 15.18±0.55 c | 16.18±0.68 c | 33.97±1.28 b | 49.27±1.87 b | 72.19±1.90 b | 85.96±1.92 b | ||
W1N0S0 | 4.82±0.05 d | 11.84±0.51 d | 9.53±0.23 d | 19.99±0.81 d | 46.96±0.92 bc | 71.16±2.62 b | 77.72±1.43 c | ||
W2N2S1 | 15.42±0.26 b | 17.70±0.57 b | 26.70±0.16 b | 35.31±0.45 ab | 85.49±1.11 a | 75.21±1.26 ab | 64.90±1.43 d | ||
W2N0S1 | 3.72±0.09 e | 8.13±0.20 e | 15.07±0.62 c | 30.46±1.12 c | 49.27±0.96 b | 75.43±0.59 ab | 84.79±1.18 b | ||
W2N0S0 | 3.30±0.05 e | 7.68±0.17 e | 9.90±0.36 d | 22.41±1.07 d | 42.41±1.01 c | 77.83±0.79 a | 94.41±2.67 a | ||
2020 | |||||||||
W1N1S1 | 30.46±0.31 a | 29.59±0.45 a | 58.07±1.19 a | 59.36±2.65 a | 106.17±1.76 a | 82.55±0.52 a | 61.68±0.94 c | ||
W1N0S1 | 13.63±0.44 d | 21.13±0.42 e | 21.01±0.83 c | 32.34±0.69 c | 63.93±0.95 d | 77.80±0.44 bc | 75.84±0.23 b | ||
W1N0S0 | 15.75±0.36 c | 26.72±0.33 b | 16.02±0.55 d | 29.32±0.86 c | 59.77±1.52 d | 75.60±1.02 cd | 81.32±1.08 a | ||
W2N2S1 | 21.56±0.34 b | 24.28±0.45 c | 39.37±1.15 b | 42.97±1.36 b | 92.94±0.89 b | 74.42±0.96 d | 63.65±0.45 c | ||
W2N0S1 | 7.31±0.21 f | 10.06±0.09 f | 16.15±0.34 d | 25.05±0.37 d | 73.89±2.66 c | 77.63±1.5 bcd | 73.89±1.63 b | ||
W2N0S0 | 11.99±0.20 e | 23.22±0.26 d | 13.04±0.28 e | 22.62±0.47 d | 51.34±0.74 e | 79.15±1.90 b | 81.51±1.18 a |
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 氮肥回收利用率 NUE/% | 氮肥生理利用率 NPE/(kg·kg−1) | 氮肥农学利用率 NAE/(kg·kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | W1N1S1 | 37.75±0.46 a | 27.57±0.32 b | 10.35±0.43 b |
W2N2S1 | 35.19±0.36 b | 36.11±0.56 a | 12.97±0.27 a | |
2020 | W1N1S1 | 29.46±0.35 a | 30.26±0.47 b | 9.13±0.09 a |
W2N2S1 | 23.37±0.23 b | 37.76±0.78 a | 8.50±0.19 b |
Table 6. Effects of different management patterns of water and fertilizer and straw returning on rice N use efficiency.
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 氮肥回收利用率 NUE/% | 氮肥生理利用率 NPE/(kg·kg−1) | 氮肥农学利用率 NAE/(kg·kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | W1N1S1 | 37.75±0.46 a | 27.57±0.32 b | 10.35±0.43 b |
W2N2S1 | 35.19±0.36 b | 36.11±0.56 a | 12.97±0.27 a | |
2020 | W1N1S1 | 29.46±0.35 a | 30.26±0.47 b | 9.13±0.09 a |
W2N2S1 | 23.37±0.23 b | 37.76±0.78 a | 8.50±0.19 b |
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