中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 690-702.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240720

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

新复垦耕地不同有机物料培肥效果及其评价指标优化

尤赛雅1, 王新雅1, 秦碧蓉2, 蔡汶延1,3, 朱练峰1, 孔亚丽1, 朱春权1, 田文昊1, 张均华1, 金千瑜1, 曹小闯1,*()   

  1. 1中国水稻研究所 水稻生物学国家重点实验室，杭州 311401
    2贵州大学 农学院，贵阳 550025
    3浙江农林大学 环境与资源学院/碳中和学院，杭州 311300
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-29 修回日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2025-09-10
  • 通讯作者: *email: caoxiaochuang@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    杭州市自然科学基金重点项目(2024SZRZDD010001);国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2023YFD2302200);浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2022C02018)

Fertilization Effects of Different Exogenous Organic Materials in Newly Reclaimed Cultivated Land and Its Optimization of Evaluation Indicators

YOU Saiya1, WANG Xinya1, QIN Birong2, CAI Wenyan1,3, ZHU Lianfeng1, KONG Yali1, ZHU Chunquan1, TIAN Wenhao1, ZHANG Junhua1, JIN Qianyu1, CAO Xiaochuang1,*()   

  1. 1China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 311401, China
    2College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
    3College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutralization, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
  • Received:2024-07-29 Revised:2024-12-18 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-09-10
  • Contact: *email: caoxiaochuang@126.com

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摘要：

【目的】通过评价不同外源有机物料在新复垦丘陵红壤和黄泥田上的培肥效果，构建基于土壤质量指数的最小数据集，以期为新复垦耕地地力培育提供理论与技术支撑。【方法】试验设7个处理：不施肥(No fertilizer，CK)，常规施肥(Chemical fertilizers，NPK)，常规施肥+2250 kg/hm2秸秆(NPK+2250 kg/hm2 秸秆，NPKS1)，常规施肥+4500 kg/hm2秸秆(NPK+4500 kg/hm2 秸秆，NPKS2)，常规施肥+3000 kg/hm2腐熟秸秆-畜禽粪便(NPK+3000 kg/hm2 腐熟秸秆-畜禽粪便，NPKSM)，常规施肥+1773 kg/hm2木本泥炭(NPK+1773 kg/hm2 木本泥炭，NPKW1)，常规施肥+3546 kg/hm2木本泥炭(NPK+3546 kg/hm2 木本泥炭，NPKW2)，研究了不同培肥处理下的水稻产量、土壤团聚体结构、各形态碳氮含量、微生物生物量碳氮含量和土壤酶活性等指标，筛选土壤质量评价最小数据集，并对评价指标进行优化验证。【结果】1)与NPK处理相比，丘陵红壤中NPKSM处理显著提高了土壤大团聚体、平均重量直径、有机质含量、碳氮比以及土壤酶活性(如β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶)等指标；黄泥田中NPKS2处理显著提高了土壤易氧化有机碳、矿物结合态有机碳及微生物生物量碳氮含量，而NPKW2处理显著提高了土壤有机质、颗粒态有机碳、矿物结合态有机碳和可溶性有机碳含量。2)主成分分析结果表明，平均重量直径、铵态氮和矿物结合态有机碳可作为丘陵红壤土壤质量评价的最小数据集，而黄泥田则为土壤碳氮比、矿物结合态有机碳和β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性。3)基于全量数据集和最小数据集的土壤质量指数评价结果表明，丘陵红壤中NPKSM以及黄泥田NPKS2、NPKW2处理土壤质量指数显著高于其他处理。4)回归分析结果表明，基于全量数据集和最小数据集构建的土壤质量指数在丘陵红壤和黄泥田中均呈极显著正相关，验证了最小数据集可作为有机培肥效果的评价指标。【结论】不同培肥模式对新复垦丘陵红壤和黄泥田培肥效果及其评价指标差异显著，腐熟秸秆-畜禽粪便可通过显著提高丘陵红壤有机质含量、易氧化有机碳含量、酶活性((BG、NAG))和团聚体稳定性性提高其土壤质量指数，而木本泥炭主要通过提高黄泥田有机质含量和矿物结合态有机碳含量提高其土壤质量。综合考虑，建议配施3000 kg/hm2腐熟秸秆-畜禽粪便、3546 kg/hm2木本泥炭作为区域新复垦丘陵红壤和黄泥田的适宜有机培肥模式。

关键词: 新复垦农田, 有机培肥, 土壤质量指数, 主成分分析, 最小数据集

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of different exogenous organic materials on soil fertility improvement in newly reclaimed hilly red soil and yellow clayey soil, as well as their minimum data set (MDS) based on the soil quality index (SQI), were investigated to provide theoretical and technical support for soil fertility cultivation in newly reclaimed farmland. 【Method】The experiment included seven fertilization treatments: no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizers (NPK) + 2250 kg/hm² straw (NPKS1), NPK + 4500 kg/hm² straw (NPKS2), NPK + 3000 kg/hm² decomposed straw-livestock manure (NPKSM), NPK + 1773 kg/hm² woody peat (NPKW1), and NPK + 3546 kg/hm² woody peat (NPKW2). Parameters including rice yield, soil aggregate structure, various forms of carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and enzyme activities were measured. The MDS for soil quality evaluation was selected, and the evaluation indicators were further optimized and validated.【Result】1) Compared with NPK, NPKSM significantly increased the proportion of large soil aggregates, mean weight diameter, soil organic matter, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and activities of soil enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and [β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG)] in the hilly red soil. In the yellow clayey soil, NPKS2 significantly increased the contents of easily oxidizable organic carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, while NPKW2 significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, particulate organic carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon. 2) Principal component analysis showed that the mean weight diameter, ammonium nitrogen, and mineral-associated organic carbon constituted the MDS for soil quality evaluation in the hilly red soil, while the MDS for the yellow clayey soil consisted of the soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, mineral-associated organic carbon, and NAG activity. 3) SQI evaluation based on the total data set (TDS) and MDS indicated that the SQI of NPKSM in the hilly red soil, and of NPKS2 and NPKW2 in the yellow clayey soil, were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. 4)Regression analysis showed that the SQI evaluated based on the TDS and MDS were significantly and positively correlated in both soil types, demonstrating that the MDS can serve as an effective indicator for evaluating the fertilization effects of different organic materials.【Conclusion】The fertilization effects and evaluation indicators varied significantly among fertilization modes and soil types. The application of decomposed straw-livestock manure improved the SQI of the hilly red soil by significantly increasing organic matter, easily oxidizable organic carbon content, enzyme activities (BG and NAG), and aggregate stability, while woody peat enhanced soil quality mainly by increasing organic matter and mineral-associated organic carbon in the yellow clayey soil. In conclusion, the application of 3000 kg/hm² decomposed straw-livestock manure and

3546 kg/hm² woody peat can be recommended as suitable organic fertilization practices for newly reclaimed hilly red soil and yellow clayey soil, respectively.

Key words: newly reclaimed farmland, organic fertilization, soil quality index, principal component analysis, minimum data set