Archive

10 January 2013, Volume 27 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Research Papers


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Research Papers

Select

Positional Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Gene Responsible for the Hightillering Dwarf Phenotype in the indica Rice Mutant gsor23 WANG Tao1, YUAN Shoujiang2, YIN Liang2, ZHAO Jinfeng1, WAN Jianmin1,3, LI Xueyong1,* 2013, 27(1): 1-8.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1295KB) ( )   Hightillering dwarf mutant gsor23 was generated from the indica rice variety Indica9 by γray radiation. Genetic analysis showed that this phenotype was controlled by one single recessive gene, which was mapped within a physical distance of 386 kb between two InDel markers C1WT2 and C1WT4 on the long arm of chromosome 1. There is a known gene D10 within this region and mutations in which caused hightillering phenotype in rice. Sequence analysis of the D10 allele in gsor23 revealed that the base C at the 404th position in the coding region was deleted, causing frameshift mutation after the 134th amino acids. This mutant differed from the previously reported japonica mutants d101 and  d102 in mutation site and genetic background.Therefore, gsor23 is a novel allellic mutant of D10, which encodes the carotenoidcleaving dioxygenase 8 (CCD8), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the new plant hormone strigolactones(SLs). After treatment with GR24, a synthetic analogues of SLs, gsor23 showed normal phenotype. Realtime RTPCR analysis showed that D10 expression level was high in root, but low in leaves. Compared with the wildtype Indica9, the expression level of the SLs biosynthetic gene D10 was upregulated, while genes likely involved in the SLs signal transduction such as D3 and D14 were downregulated in the gsor23 mutant.

Select

Function Analysis of a Rice Zinc Finger Protein Gene OsZRL by RNA Interference YU Xiaohong1, CHAO Li1, CHEN Changdong1, LIU Yongsheng1, 2, NIU Xiangli 1, 2, * 2013, 27(1): 9-16.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1552KB) ( )   The function of a rice zincfinger protein gene (OsZRL) was investigated by RNA interference. The results of semiquantitative RTPCR and quantitative PCR analysis indicated that OsZRL expression levels were significantly downregulated in the transgenic plants. The OsZRLRNAi transgenic lines were characterized by bigger leaves, stronger roots and stems compared to wild  type plants, indicating that the suppression of OsZRL had a positive effect on rice growth. The expression pattern and transgenic seedlings phenotypes revealed that OsZRL was involved in gibberellin or abscisic acid signaling pathway. It suggests that zincfinger protein OsZRL might perform its function of negetive regulator in rice growth through the regulation of gibberellin and abscisic acid.

Select

Cloning of an Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Gene OsIP1 in Rice Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and its Genetic Transformation ZHANG Yafang, YU Yongqi, ZUO Shimin, LOU Lijuan, CHEN Zongxiang, PAN Xuebiao* 2013, 27(1): 17-25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (3780KB) ( )   Inorganic pyrophosphatase hydrolyzes inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) to two ions of phosphate radical (Pi) in vivo. The timely degradation of PPi has been recognized as a key ratelimiting step in the process of disaccharide synthesis, especially sucrose. However, maintaining certain concentration of PPi in vascular bundle cells is required for the translocation of sucrose. Therefore, it could be the best resolution to overexpress inorganic pyrophosphatase gene only in mesophyll tissue, which would feed back and accelerate photosynthesis and produce more carbohydrate. In this research, we firstly analyzed 30 inorganic pyrophosphatase genes predicted in rice by a series of bioinformatics softwares, such as protein clusters, amino acids sequence alignment, protein subcellular localization prediction and ciselements analysis. Secondly, one gene (Os04g0687100) that was considered encoding soluble cytoplasmic inorganic pyrophosphatase, named as OsIP1, was cloned and placed under the rice mesophyllspecific promoter  cyFBPase  from a cytosolic fructose1,6bisphosphatase gene. Thirdly, we transformed this chimeric gene, cyFBPase:OsIP1, into two different  sourcesink type rice varieties using Agrobacteriummediated method, and obtained a total of 48 independent positive transgenic plants.

Select

QTL Detection for Leaf Morphology of Rice Using Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ZHOU Lihui, ZHAO Chunfang, ZHAO Ling, ZHANG Yadong, ZHU Zhen, CHEN Tao, ZHAO Qingyong, YAO Shu, YU Xin, WANG Cailin* 2013, 27(1): 26-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1391KB) ( )   The morphological characteristic is one of profitable targets in rice promotion of plant type and yield.  A population of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from backcross between indica recipient 9311 and japonica donar Nipponbare was employed to map quantitative trait loci for the top three leaf size (i.e., leaf length, width and area) and main panicle yield (i.e., spikelet number of main panicle, 1000grain weight of main panicle, seed setting rate of main panicle, main panicle weight), and analyzed their correlation between leaf and yield traits. Correlation analysis revealed that there were significant correlation among traits of leaf size in CSSLs population. Traits of leaf morphology were significantly positively correlated with main panicle weight. Most of traits of leaf morphology had no correlation with seed setting rate, 1000grain weight. A total of 20 QTLs for the top three leaf size were located at 10 regions on 7 chromosomes except for chromosomes 2, 7, 8, 10 and 12 in two years, with explained phenotypic variations ranging from 3.82% to 14.61% and that of six ones were above 10%. Various QTLs were distributed in cluster, and three QTLs were detected in both two years. Furthermore, eight QTLs were novel QTL, comparing with the other mapping results. A total of 16 QTLs for the traits of main panicle yield were detected at 13 regions on 7 chromosomes of 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 10 in two years, and 5 regions were in common with QTLs of leaf morphology and yield.

Select

Characterization and Gene Mapping of a Dwarf Mutant Zj88d in Rice JI Xianjun1,2, YE Shenghai2, ZHOU Ya2,3, XIU Fenlian2,3, DENG Xiaomei1,2, SHANG Haixuan2,3, LIU Jiyun2,3, CHEN Pingping2,3, LI Xiaohua1,2, JIN Qingsheng2, ZHANG Xiaoming2,* 2013, 27(1): 35-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1305KB) ( )   The stably inherited dwarf mutant Zj88d was produced by treating the dry seeds of japonica rice variety Zhejing 88 with ethyl methylsulfonate (EMS). Genetic analysis of the dwarf mutant Zj88d revealed that this trait is controlled by one pair of recessive nuclear gene.  The gene was located in the interval of 603 kb between   744w and RM5344 markers on the short arm of chromosome 7 by mapbased cloning. The dwarf gene “OSH15” was identified by screening one hundred candidate genes on the target chromosomal segment. Sequencing results further revealed that Zj88d gene has a singlebase substitution (g to a) in the last nucleotide of intron 2 of  OSH15 allele.

Select

Analysis of Genetic Diversity within Populations of Rice Landraces from Yunnan Using Microsatellite Markers SUN Jianchang1,2, YU Tengqiong3, TANG Cuifeng3, CAO Guilan1, XU Furong3, HAN Longzhi1,* 2013, 27(1): 41-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (851KB) ( )   Genetic diversity within populations of 16 rice landraces and 2 improved cultivars from Yunnan Province were analyzed using 20 SSR markers. The results showed that the SSR marker polymorphism within populations for 87.5% of rice landraces was higher than that of the improved cultivars, while the polymorphism within populations for 12.5% of landraces was similar with that of the improved cultivars.  For 81.2% of rice landraces， the number of alleles (Na) and Nei’s genetic diversity index (He),  were higher than those of the improved cultivars, and for 18.8% of landraces, the figures were same as or slightly smaller than those of the improved cultivars. The He within populations of rice landraces significantly differed, ranging from 0.0146 to 0.5117, while Huangbansuo1(Huangbansuo collected in 1980), Huangbansuo2(Huangbansuo collected in 2007), Maxiangu1(Maxiangu collected in 1980) and Maxiangu2(Maxiangu collected in 2007) were the highest with figures of 0.2327, 0.4214, 0.5117 and 0.4489, respectively. Heterozygosity within rice varieties for 87.5% of rice landraces was significantly higher than that of the improved cultivars. AMOVA showed that 1/4 genetic difference among rice landraces were from within populations of rice landraces (P<0.001). The polymorphism, Ne, He and percentage of variation within populations of rice landraces at RM333, RM257 and RM180 were higher than others. It was speculated that RM333, RM257 and RM180 were suitable  for testing genetic diversity within rice landraces of Yunnan Province.

Select

Effect of Ecological Environments on  Plant Type Traits and Yield Traits in F2 of Cross Between indica and japonica JIN Feng1, XU Hai1, JIANG Yijun2, ZHAO Mingzhu1, ZHOU Ping1, YANG Li3, LI Maobai4, XU Zhengjin1，*, CHEN Wenfu1, ZHENG Jiakui3 2013, 27(1): 49-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (752KB) ( )   The effects of ecological environments on plant type traits and its relationship with yield traits were studied with two F2 populations, one derived from the cross between Wanlun 422 (indica) and Shennong 265 (japonica) named as F2A, the other derived from the cross between Luhui 99 (indica) and Shennong 265 (japonica) named as F2B,  in Liaoning and Sichuan. The result showed that the ecological conditions had a significant effect on plant type traits and yield traits. From Sichuan to Liaoning, the plant height and panicle curvature increased significantly, the panicle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and leaf angle decreased. Number of panicles, 1000grain weight, seed setting rate and yield in Liaoning were significantly higher than those in Sichuan; Grain number  per panicle in Sichuan was significantly more than that in Liaoning. In the four plant type patterns, the number of panicles, 1000grains weight, seed setting rate and yield showed a trend as follows: Cw type(long flag leaf, curved panicle) > Cz type(long flag leaf, erect panicle) > Dw type(short flag leaf, curved panicle) > Dz type(short flag leaf, erect panicle).  Cz and Cw type rice showed higher numbers of panicles and grains per panicle for Dz type, the figures were the smallest among the four types. For all the four types, the flag leaf length was not significantly correlated with all of the yield traits, while the flag leaf width was significantly correlated with number of panicles. In Liaoning, the seed setting rate showed a significantly negative correlation with flag leaf width. The panicle curvature showed a significantly positive correlation with the seed setting rate and yield traits in Sichuan Province, but it was not significantly correlated with  most of yield traits in Liaoning Province.

Select

Mapping of QTLs for Rice RVA Properties Using Highthroughput Resequenced Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ZHANG Changquan, HU Bing, ZHU Kongzhi, ZHANG Hua, LENG Yalin, TANG Shuzhu, GU Minghong, LIU Qiaoquan* 2013, 27(1): 56-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (4952KB) ( )   The RVA profile is one of the important factors for rice cooking and eating quality evaluation, and it would be of great significance to identify new quantitative trail loci (QTLs) for RVA profile for improvement of rice quality.  With Nipponbare as recipient and 9311 as donor, a population with 38 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) had been developed and subsequently genotyped by highthroughput resequencing strategy.  The population with their parents similar in apparent amylose content was used for mapping QTLs of RVA properties including peak paste viscosity (PKV), hot paste viscosity (HPV), cool paste viscosity (CPV), breakdown viscosity (BDV), setback viscosity (SBV), consistence viscosity (CSV), peak time (PeT) and pasting temperature (PaT) in two years and two environments. The QTL analysis was carried out by using oneway ANOVA and Dunnett’s test, and stable QTLs were identified in both two years and two environments. 10 stable QTLs,  qPKV2.1, qPKV5.1, qPKV7.1, qPKV8.1, qHPV5.1, qHPV7.1, qCPV5.1, qCPV7.1, qSBV2.1 and qSBV7.1 were identified in the chromosome 2, 5, 7 and 8, respectively, with contributions ranging from -31.8% to 53.2%. The QTLs in chromosome 2, 5 and 7 were found to have pleiotropy.

Select

Sucrose Plays an Important Role in the Uptake and Use of Phosphate in Rice under Pdeficiency Conditions ZHAO Jianqi, WU Xueneng, CAO Yue, YIN Jie, SUN Shubin*, XU Guohua 2013, 27(1): 65-70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (799KB) ( )   The effects of sucrose on the growth, phosphorus uptake in rice under phosphate deficient conditions were studied. The results showed that exogenous sucrose can increase the biomass of rice, promote the absorption of phosphorus in rice under phosphate deficiency. Using phosphate transporter gene OsPT2 promoter +GUS reporter gene transgenic rice, we further explored the molecular mechanism that the uptake and use of phosphate was promoted in rice by sucrose under phosphate deficiency. The results showed that rice phosphate transporter OsPT2 was involved in this process.

Select

Effect of High Temperature on Aspartate Metabolism Enzyme Activities and Aspartatefamily Amino Acids Contents at Rice Grainfilling Stage LIANG Chenggang#, ZHANG Qing#, LI Jing, XIONG Dan, XU Guangli, WANG Yan, LIU Quan, HUANG Peng, LI Tian* 2013, 27(1): 71-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (560KB) ( )   The effect of high temperature(HT) on aspartate aminotransferase(AAT), aspartokinase(AK) activities and the contents of Aspfamily amino acids and protein components in grains were  measured at rice grain filling stage with japonica rice variety Koshihikari and indica rice variety IR72 as materials. The results indicated that the   activities of AAT and AK and the relative contents of Asp, Lys, Thr, Met and Ile in grains significantly increased under HT, and AAT   and AK   activities were significantly positively correlated with Aspfamily amino acids contents, suggesting that AAT and AK in rice grains may play an important role in the increase of Aspfamily amino acids contents  in grains under HT. Additionally, the results indicated that HT during grain filling contributed to the  increase of relative contents of protein components and Aspfamily amino acids contents, the accumulation of glutelin and Aspfamily amino acids, and the improvement of the ratio of part of Aspfamily amino acids contents in crude protein. However, the contents of protein components and part of Aspfamily amino acids in spikelet decreased under HT during rice grain filling.

Select

Effects of Rewatering after Drought at Heading Date on Seed Setting and Some Physiological Indexes in Early Rice Varieties with Different Yields CHEN Xiaorong*, LIU Lingyan, YAN Chonghu, ZHONG Lei, ZHU Changlan, PENG Xiaosong, HE Xiaopeng, FU Junru, OUYANG Linjuan, HE Haohua 2013, 27(1): 77-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (861KB) ( )   In order to prove up yield compensatory effect and the physiological mechanism of doubleseason early rice under the treatment of rewatering after drought 7 days at heading,  the seed setting rate and yield,  contents of osmolytes, malondialdehyde (MDA), endogenous hormones, and protective enzyme activity  in flag leaf were  investigated with Ganxin 203 and Ganxin 206  as material. The results were as follows: the seedsetting rate, 1000grain weight and yield per plant of the two varieties  declined to various extent under the treatment of rewatering after drought. Among them, seed setting rate and yield per plant differed significatly, demonstrating a lack of yield compensatory effect under the treatment of rewatering after 7 days of drought at heading. The contents of soluble sugar(SS), free proline(Pro), MDA, superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT) activity in flag leaf under the treatment for the two varieties  were  significantly higher than the CK and the gap peaked 0 day after rewatering (DAR). The abovementioned indexes all decreased markedly after rewatering with difference between the treatment and the CK till 12 DAR. As a whole, under the flooded conditions  at  heading, contents of endogenous hormones  of  Indole3acetic acid(IAA) and  gibberellin A3(GA3) in flag leaf increased, while abscisci alid (ABA) and   zeatin riboside (ZR)  contents declined along with the growth course. The ABA, IAA and ZR  contents in the flag leaf of the two varieties under the treatment continually increased, while GA3 content decreased at first then increased. The treatment of drought after heading would promote the senescence resistant mechanism inner the rice plant, and rewatering would activate the growth promotion factors and inhibited the growth restrain factors, but the effects were quite limited and not evidently related with the yield performance.

Select

Responses of Rice Growth and Grain Yield to Nighttime Warming in Northeast China CHEN Jin1, TIAN Yunlu1, DONG Wenjun1, HOU Ligang2, MA Wei2, XU Zhiyu3, ZHANG Weijian1, 4,* 2013, 27(1): 84-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (594KB) ( )   To learn the actual responses of rice growth to warming, especially nighttime warming in Northeast China will benefit the strategy decision making for food security in China. By using two field warming methods, a fouryear experiment was conducted to investigate actual rice responses to nighttime warming for an entire growth cycle in Gongzhuling County, Jilin Province, China. The results showed that nighttime warming of 0.7-1.0℃ on rice canopy could advance rice initial flowering date by two to three days, but the grain filling stage was prolonged slightly by one to two days. There was no significant impacts of warming on rice net photosynthetic rate, but nighttime warming significantly increased the flag leaf area, the total green leaf area and the leaf area index (LAI) during postflowering phase. Compared to the unwarmed control, the LAI of Jijing 81 and Jijing 83 significantly increased by 40.0% and 455%, respectively. Nighttime warming tended to enhance rice aboveground biomass and grain yield by 10%, and significantly increased the numbers of productive panicle and spikelet per panicle by 7.0% and 5.7%, respectively. It indicate that nighttime warming may benefit rice production through mitigating the low temperature limitation to rice growth in Northeast China.

Select

Proteins Affect Rice Eating Quality Properties   and Its Mechanism XIE Lihong#, LUO Ju#, TANG Shaoqing, CHEN Neng, JIAO Guiai, SHAO Gaoneng, WEI Xiangjin, HU Peisong* 2013, 27(1): 91-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1508KB) ( )   With Fengliangyou 1 sowed or harvested at different dates, the effects of sowing and harvest dates on rice amylose content, swelling power(SP), protein content,  RVA viscosities and eating quality were analyzed, respectively, as well as changes of RVA viscosity and swelling power after protein removal or disulphide bond disruption, and the factors related to rice eating quality.  Preincubation of all flours with dithiothreitol (DTT) or a protease increased SP. The amylose content, protein content, SP and RVA viscosity values were similar between sowing Ⅲ（13th June） and sowing Ⅳ(23th June), but the eating quality of rice for sowing Ⅲ was better.  When treated with trypsin, the slope of the linear region of each curve for both samples was similar, but the liftoff from hot viscosity to the cool viscosity part varied and the hot viscosity and cool viscosity of sowing Ⅲ were significantly lower than those of sowing Ⅳ. The latter part of the RVA paste rigidity was affected by the proportion of the quantity starch to water.  Paste rigidity decreased greatly and resulted low values, suggesting that the difference of water holding capacity of protein after protein hydration may  play a major role in determining the eating quality of cooked rice.

Select

Effects of Straw and Black Carbon Addition on CN Transformation and Microbial   Metabolism Profile in Paddy Soil WANG Juan1,2, ZHANG Lijun1,YAO Huaiying1,2,* 2013, 27(1): 97-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1120KB) ( )   The effects of straw and black carbon addition to paddy soil on carbon and nitrogen transformation were studied in a pot experiment. At booting and mature stages, soil CN transformation and microbial metabolism profile were analyzed. According to the results of organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium concentration, both straw and black carbon addition could promote CN transformation of paddy soil, thereby enhancing the yield of rice grain to some extent. The results of microbial metabolism identified by Microresp suggested that rising concentrations of straw and carbon had an increasing influence on microbial metabolism. The main reason behind the difference was the higher utilization of fructose, alanine, acetyl glucosamine and lysineHCl after the soil was amended with straw and black carbon. The effect of straw addition on microbial biomass carbon and net carbon mineralization was significantly higher than that of black carbon. Conversely, black carbon had higher effects on the yield of rice grain and soil carbon sequestration.

Select

Host Plants of Nilaparvata muiri China and N. bakeri (Muir), Two Sibling Species of N. lugens (Stl)  CUI Yali, HE Jiachun, LUO Ju, LAI Fengxiang, FU Qiang* 2013, 27(1): 105-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (999KB) ( )   The adult fecundity, egg hatchibility and nymph development of N. muiri China and N. bakeri (Muir), two sibling species of Nilaparvata lugens (Stl) were studied on several common gramineous crops or weeds by using the cage method in laboratory. The results indicated that the suitable hosts of N. muiri and N. bakeri were Leersia hexandra Swart and Leersia sayanuka Ohwi which are different from N. lugens whose suitable host was Oryza sativa. Both N. muiri and N. bakeri could complete their life cycle on rice but could not continue to propagate because the population trend indexes were  only 0.2 and 0.02, respectively. The fecundity of N. lugens was significantly  higher than N. muiri and N. bakeri. The highest population trend indexes  of the three Nilaparvata species were  333.82 of N. lugens on rice, 82.06 of N. muiri on L. hexandra and 39.28 of N. bakeri on L. sayanuka, respectively.