Chinese Journal OF Rice Science >
Effects of Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizers and Nitrogen Reduction on the Yield of Double-cropping Rice and the Risk of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Field Water in Dongting Lake Area
Received date: 2022-10-17
Revised date: 2023-03-02
Online published: 2023-09-13
【Objective】 It is very important to explore chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduction and rationing to stabilize rice yield, improve nitrogen use efficiency, reduce the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss, and lay a scientific basis for fertilizer reduction in the Dongting Lake double-cropping rice area. 【Method】 The field plot experiment was conducted, and six treatments were set, including no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilizer (CF), 20% nitrogen reduction with borosilicate fertilizer (0.8CF+B/Si), 80% chemical fertilizer+20% organic fertilizer (0.8CF+0.2OM), 80% chemical fertilizer+20% organic fertilizer with nitrogen synergist (0.8CF+0.2OM+N-serve), and 20% organic fertilizer combined with borosilicate fertilizer and nitrogen synergist (0.8CF+0.2OM+B/Si+N-serve). Yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in field water of double-cropping rice were analyzed. 【Result】 The yield of early rice was reduced as compared with CF, while the yield of late rice was increased by 2.02% to 5.03%. The concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in surface water increased with the increase in nitrogen application rate, and the risk of nitrogen loss also increased. Compared with CF treatment, the chemical fertilizer nitrogen reduction and rationing treatment reduced total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations in early and late rice seasonal field water by 8.08% to 35.05%, 5.88% to 34.22%, and 5.02% to 18.06%, respectively, and 0.8CF+0.2OM+N-serve treatment was the most effective in mitigating the risk of nitrogen loss from field water. One week after nitrogen application was the peak period of nitrogen loss, and then the difference in nitrogen concentration in surface water of each treatment decreased, as did the risk of nitrogen loss. The phosphorus concentration of early and late rice surfaces without nitrogen fertilizer was lower than that of other treatments, while the phosphorus concentration of early and late rice surface water with borosilicate fertilizer was higher than that of other treatments, which aggravated the risk of phosphorus loss in rice surface water. In addition, the combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer synergists had no obvious effect on phosphorus emission reduction. About 9 days after the application of phosphorus fertilizer was the key period of phosphorus loss, after which the phosphorus concentration of each treatment tended to be consistent and changed smoothly. 【Conclusion】 The substitution of organic fertilizer for nitrogen fertilizer has a lag effect on rice yield. The simultaneous application of nitrogenous synergists with organic fertilizers will weaken the effect of nitrogen synergists in retarding nitrogen fertilizer conversion. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen reduction and rationing is an effective method to reduce nitrogen loss in the surface water of double-cropping rice fields, but its combination with borosilicate fertilizer can increase phosphorus content in the surface water, so it should be applied according to water and fertilizer management.
YUAN Pei, ZHOU Xuan, YANG Wei, YIN Lingjie, JIN Tuo, PENG Jianwei, RONG Xiangmin, TIAN Chang . Effects of Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizers and Nitrogen Reduction on the Yield of Double-cropping Rice and the Risk of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Field Water in Dongting Lake Area[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023 , 37(5) : 518 -528 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221003
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