Chinese Journal OF Rice Science >
Identification and Gene Mapping of a Zebra Leaf Mutant zl7 in Rice
Received date: 2022-03-28
Revised date: 2022-05-09
Online published: 2023-03-10
【Objective】 Zebra leaf mutants, as important germplasm resources of rice leaf color mutants, are ideal materials for studying the mechanism of plant photosynthesis and high photosynthetic efficiency breeding, and play an important role in analyzing the mechanism of photosynthesis and improving rice yield. 【Method】 A zebra leaf mutant, designated as zebra leaf 7(zl7), was isolated from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population of Chunjiang 06 (CJ06). Under conventional paddy field management, the differences in leaf color phenotype and yield characters between the mutant and its wild type at seedling stage, heading stage and maturity stage were compared respectively. The development of leaf chloroplast were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope. Candidate genes were cloned by map-based cloning method, and the expression levels of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. 【Result】From seedling stage, the mutant zl7 showed typical zebra leaves with decreased chlorophyll contents. During the heading stage, the zebra leaf phenotype disappeared and the leaves gradually turned green, and there was no significant difference in chlorophyll contents. The measurement of photosynthetic rate and the observation with an electron microscope showed that the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and chloroplast development of the mutant zl7 were abnormal. Compared with the wild type, the plant height, the number of tillers, panicle length, primary rachis branch number, secondary rachis branch number and grains per panicle of the mutant decreased significantly, while the grain length, grain width and 1000-grain weight increased slightly. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression levels of genes involved in chlorophyll degradation increased significantly, while the expression levels of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development decreased significantly. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant was regulated by a pair of recessive nuclear genes. The gene was mapped on chromosome 7 by map-based cloning, and the sequencing results showed that the coding region of ZL7 in zl7 has a single-base substitution mutation, causing an amino acid change from serine to asparagine. 【Conclusion】ZL7 mutation leads to abnormal chloroplast development, consequently resulting in zebra leaf phenotype, which plays an important role in rice chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development.
Key words： rice; chloroplast; genetic analysis; map cloning
LIAN Yuanxun, WEI Ziyun, ZHANG Qiang, LI Qing, REN Deyong, HU Jiang, ZHU Li, GAO Zhenyu, ZHANG Guangheng, GUO Longbiao, ZENG Dali, QIAN Qian, SHEN Lan . Identification and Gene Mapping of a Zebra Leaf Mutant zl7 in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023 , 37(2) : 113 -124 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220314
| [1] | Hao J, Wang D, Wu Y, Huang K, Duan P, Li N, Xu R, Zeng D, Dong G, Zhang B, Zhang L, Inze D, Qian Q, Li Y. The GW2-WG1-OsbZIP47 pathway controls grain size and weight in rice[J]. Molecular Plant, 2021, 14(8): 1266-1280. |
| [2] | Tian Z, Wang J W, Li J, Han B. Designing future crops: Challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture[J]. Plant Journal, 2021, 105(5): 1165-1178. |
| [3] | Fromme P, Melkozernov A, Jordan P, Krauss N. Structure and function of photosystem: I. Interaction with its soluble electron carriers and external antenna systems[J]. FEBS Letters, 2003, 555(1): 40-44. |
| [4] | Zhen X H, Xu J G, Shen W J, Zhang X J, Zhang Q J, Lu C G, Chen G X, Gao Z P. Photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves in rice white stripe mutant 6001 during senescence process[J]. Rice Science, 2014, 21(6): 335-342. |
| [5] | Yang Y, Xu J, Huang L, Leng Y, Dai L, Rao Y, Chen L, Wang Y, Tu Z, Hu J, Ren D, Zhang G, Zhu L, Guo L, Qian Q, Zeng D. PGL, encoding chlorophyllide a oxygenase 1, impacts leaf senescence and indirectly affects grain yield and quality in rice[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2016, 67(5): 1297-1310. |
| [6] | Cao W, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Lu S, Wang X, Chen X, Yuan L, Guan H, Wang G, Shen W, De Vleesschauwer D, Li Z, Shi X, Gu J, Guo M, Feng Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Pan X, Liu W, Liang G, Yan C, Hu K, Liu Q, Zuo S. Suppressing chlorophyll degradation by silencing OsNYC3 improves rice resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2022, 20(2): 335-349. |
| [7] | Yoo S C, Cho S H, Sugimoto H, Li J, Kusumi K, Koh H J, Iba K, Paek N C. Rice virescent3 and stripe1encoding the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase are required for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development[J]. Plant Physiology, 2009, 150(1): 388-401. |
| [8] | Zhu X, Ze M, Yin J, Chen M, Wang M, Zhang X, Deng R, Li Y, Liao H, Wang L, Tu B, Song L, He M, Li S, Wang W M, Chen X, Wang J, Li W. A phosphofructokinase B-type carbohydrate kinase family protein, PFKB1, is essential for chloroplast development at early seedling stage in rice[J]. Plant Science, 2020, 290: 110295. |
| [9] | 杨颜榕, 黄纤纤, 赵亚男, 汤佳玉, 刘喜. 水稻叶色基因克隆与分子机制研究进展[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2020, 21(4): 794-803. |
| [9] | Yang Y R, Huang X X, Zhao Y N, Tang J Y, Liu X. Advances on gene isolation and molecular mechanism of rice leaf color genes[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2020, 21(4): 794-803. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [10] | Kusumi K, Sakata C, Nakamura T, Kawasaki S, Yoshimura AIba K. A plastid protein NUS1 is essential for build-up of the genetic system for early chloroplast development under cold stress conditions[J]. Plant Journal, 2011, 68(6):1039-1050. |
| [11] | Wang P, Gao J, Wan C, Zhang F, Xu Z, Huang X, Sun X, Deng X. Divinyl chlorophyll(ide) a can be converted to monovinyl chlorophyll(ide) a by a divinyl reductase in rice[J]. Plant Physiology, 2010, 153(3): 994-1003. |
| [12] | Yang Y L, Xu J, Rao Y C, Zeng Y J, Liu H J, Zheng T T, Zhang G H, Hu J, Guo L B, Qian Q, Zeng D L, Shi Q H. Cloning and functional analysis of pale-green leaf (PGL10) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Plant Growth Regulation, 2016, 78(1): 69-77. |
| [13] | Tang J, Zhang W, Wen K, Chen G, Sun J, Tian Y, Tang W, Yu J, An H, Wu T, Kong F, Terzaghi W, Wang C, Wan J. OsPPR6, a pentatricopeptide repeat protein involved in editing and splicing chloroplast RNA, is required for chloroplast biogenesis in rice[J]. Plant Molecular Biology, 2017, 95(4-5): 345-357. |
| [14] | Shin D, Lee S, Kim T H, Lee J H, Park J, Lee J, Lee J Y, Cho L H, Choi J Y, Lee W, Park J H, Lee D W, Ito H, Kim D H, Tanaka A, Cho J H, Song Y C, Hwang D, Purugganan M D, Jeon J S, An G, Nam H G. Natural variations at the Stay-Green gene promoter control lifespan and yield in rice cultivars[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 2819. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16573-2. |
| [15] | Liu Z, Wang Z, Gu H, You J, Hu M, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Liu S, Chen L, Liu X, Tian Y, Zhou S, Jiang L, Liu L, Wan J. Identification and phenotypic characterization of ZEBRA LEAF16 encoding a beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase in rice[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018, 9: 782. |
| [16] | Feng P, Shi J, Zhang T, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Yu G, Zhang T, Zhu X, Xing Y, Yin W, Sang X, Ling Y, Zhang C, Yang Z, He G, Wang N. Zebra leaf 15, a receptor-like protein kinase involved in moderate low temperature signaling pathway in rice[J]. Rice (N Y), 2019, 12(1): 83. |
| [17] | Li J, Pandeya D, Nath K, Zulfugarov I S, Yoo S C, Zhang H, Yoo J H, Cho S H, Koh H J, Kim D S, Seo H S, Kang B C, Lee C H, Paek N C. ZEBRA-NECROSIS, a thylakoid-bound protein, is critical for the photoprotection of developing chloroplasts during early leaf development[J]. Plant Journal, 2010, 62(4): 713-725. |
| [18] | Livak K J, Schmittgen T D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method[J]. Methods, 2001, 25(4): 402-408. |
| [19] | Sugimoto H, Kusumi K, Noguchi K, Yano M, Yoshimura A, Iba K. The rice nuclear gene, VIRESCENT 2, is essential for chloroplast development and encodes a novel type of guanylate kinase targeted to plastids and mitochondria[J]. Plant Journal, 2007, 52(3): 512-527. |
| [20] | Sakuraba Y, Rahman M L, Cho S H, Kim Y S, Koh H J, Yoo S C, Paek N C. The rice faded green leaf locus encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B and is essential for chlorophyll synthesis under high light conditions[J]. Plant Journal, 2013, 74(1): 122-133. |
| [21] | Jiang H, Li M, Liang N, Yan H, Wei Y, Xu X, Liu J, Xu Z, Chen F, Wu G. Molecular cloning and function analysis of the stay green gene in rice[J]. Plant Journal, 2007, 52(2): 197-209. |
| [22] | Shin D, Lee S, Kim T H, Lee J H, Park J, Lee J, Lee J Y, Cho L H, Choi J Y, Lee W, Park J H, Lee D W, Ito H, Kim D H, Tanaka A, Cho J H, Song Y C, Hwang D, Purugganan M D, Jeon J S, An G, Nam H G. Natural variations at the Stay-Green gene promoter control lifespan and yield in rice cultivars[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 2819. |
| [23] | 方希林, 王悦, 朱敏敏, 邓跃军, 张晶李恩宇. 水稻叶色突变基因的遗传研究进展[J]. 北方水稻, 2016, 46(6): 4-8. |
| [23] | Fang X L, Wang Y, Zhu M M, Deng Y J, Zhang J, Li E Y. Research progress of rice leaf color mutation genetic analysis[J]. North Rice, 2016, 46(6): 4-8. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [24] | Beale S I. Green genes gleaned[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2005, 10(7): 309-312. |
| [25] | 李佳佳, 于旭东, 蔡泽坪, 吴繁花, 罗佳佳, 郑李婷, 楚文清. 高等植物叶绿素生物合成研究进展[J]. 分子植物育种, 2019, 17(18): 6013-6019. |
| [25] | Li J J, Yu X D, Cai Z P, Wu F H, Luo J J, Zheng L T, Chu W Q. An overview of chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2019, 17(18): 6013-6019. |
| [26] | 赵绍路, 刘凯, 宛柏杰, 朱静雯, 刘艳艳, 唐红生, 严国红, 孙明法. 水稻叶色突变研究进展[J]. 大麦与谷类科学, 2018, 35(6): 1-6. |
| [26] | Zhao S L, Liu K, Wan B J, Zhu J W, Liu Y Y, Tang H S, Yan G H, Sun M F. Advances in research on rice leaf color mutants[J]. Barley and Cereal Sciences, 2018, 35(6): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [27] | Cazzonelli C I, Pogson B J. Source to sink: regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2010, 15(5): 266-274. |
| [28] | 陆晨飞, 刘钰婷. 类胡萝卜素代谢调控与植物颜色变异[J]. 北方园艺, 2016, 16: 193-199. |
| [28] | Lu C F, Liu Y T. Plant color mutants and the regulation of carotenoids metabolism[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2016, 16: 193-199. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [29] | Kusumi K, Komori H, Satoh H, Iba K. Characterization of a zebra mutant of rice with increased susceptibility to light stress[J]. Plant Cell Physiology, 2000, 41(2): 158-164. |
| [30] | Sakuraba Y. Light-mediated regulation of leaf senescence[J]. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2021, 22(7). |
| [31] | 张天雨, 周春雷, 刘喜, 孙爱伶, 曹鹏辉, Nguyen T, 田云录, 翟虎渠, 江玲. 一个水稻温敏黄化突变体的表型分析和基因定位[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(10): 1426-1433. |
| [31] | Zhang T Y, Zhou C L, Liu X, Sun A L, Cao P H, Nguyen T, Tian Y L, Zhai H Q, Jiang L. Phenotypes and gene mapping of a thermo-sensitive yellow leaf mutant of rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(10): 1426-1433. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [32] | 王威, 张联合, 李华, 张志华, 胡斌, 储成才. 水稻营养吸收和转运的分子机制研究进展[J]. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2015, 45(6):569-590. |
| [32] | Wang W, Zhang L H, Li H, Zhang Z H, Hu B, Chu C C. Recent progress in molecular dissection of nutrient uptake and transport in rice[J]. Scientia Sinica: Vitae, 2015, 45(6): 569-590. |
| [33] | Long J R, Ma G H, Wan Y Z, Song C F, Sun J, Qin R J. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer level on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in flag leaf of super hybrid rice at late growth stage[J]. Rice Science, 2013, 20(3): 220-228. |
| [34] | Carol P, Stevenson D, Bisanz C, Breitenbach J, Sandmann G, Mache R, Coupland G, Kuntz M. Mutations in the Arabidopsis gene IMMUTANS cause a variegated phenotype by inactivating a chloroplast terminal oxidase associated with phytoene desaturation[J]. Plant Cell, 1999, 11(1): 57-68. |
| [35] | Chen M, Choi Y, Voytas D F, Rodermel S. Mutations in the Arabidopsis VAR2 locus cause leaf variegation due to the loss of a chloroplast FtsH protease[J]. Plant Journal, 2000, 22(4): 303-313. |
| [36] | Naested H, Holm A, Jenkins T, Nielsen H B, Harris C A, Beale M H, Andersen M, Mant A, Scheller H, Camara B, Mattsson O, Mundy J. Arabidopsis VARIEGATED 3 encodes a chloroplast-targeted, zinc-finger protein required for chloroplast and palisade cell development[J]. Journal of Cell Science, 2004, 117(Pt 20): 4807-4818. |
| [37] | Wang Y, Shang L, Yu H, Zeng L, Hu J, Ni S, Rao Y, Li S, Chu J, Meng X, Wang L, Hu P, Yan J, Kang S, Qu M, Lin H, Wang T, Wang Q, Hu X, Chen H, Wang B, Gao Z, Guo L, Zeng D, Zhu X, Xiong G, Li J, Qian Q. A strigolactone biosynthesis gene contributed to the green revolution in rice[J]. Molecular Plant, 2020, 13(6): 923-932. |
| [38] | Zou J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Li G, Chen Z, Zhai W, Zhao X, Pan X, Xie Q, Zhu L. The rice HIGH-TILLERING DWARF1 encoding an ortholog of Arabidopsis MAX3 is required for negative regulation of the outgrowth of axillary buds[J]. Plant Journal, 2006, 48(5): 687-698. |
| [39] | Wang Y, Wang C, Zheng M, Lyu J, Xu Y, Li X, Niu M, Long W, Wang D, Wang H, Terzaghi W, Wang Y, Wan J. WHITE PANICLE1, a val-tRNA synthetase regulating chloroplast ribosome biogenesis in rice, is essential for early chloroplast development[J]. Plant Physiology, 2016, 170(4): 2110-2123. |
| [40] | Wang Z W, Lü J, Xie S Z, Zhang Y, Qiu Z N, Chen P, Cui Y T, Niu Y F, Hu S K, Jiang H Z, Ge S Z, Trinh H, Lei K R, Bai W Q, Zhang Y, Guo L B, Ren D Y. OsSLA4 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein essential for early chloroplast development and seedling growth in rice[J]. Plant Growth Regulation, 2018, 84(2): 249-260. |
| [41] | Ma X, Ma J, Zhai H, Xin P, Chu J, Qiao Y, Han L. CHR729 is a CHD3 protein that controls seedling development in rice[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(9): e0138934. |
| [42] | Bang W Y, Chen J, Jeong I S, Kim S W, Kim C W, Jung H S, Lee K H, Kweon H S, Yoko I, Shiina T, Bahk J D. Functional characterization of ObgC in ribosome biogenesis during chloroplast development[J]. Plant Journal, 2012, 71(1): 122-134. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |