Rice allelopathy is considered as a complex phenomenon of chemical ecology, and temperature plays an important role in regulating allelopathic potential. Former studies have demonstrated that the wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) has high allelopathic potential.Therefore,understanding the allelopathic responses to temperature of wild rice and its descendants is very important to finally exploit and utilize allelopathic genes of wild germplasm resources.The root exudates of different allelopathic potential rice accessions(OL, RD23, F1, RL159, RL169 and RL219)were respectively collected by the resin of AG 50W-X8,followed by the evaluation of their allelopathic potential to barnyardgrass.The results demonstrated: 1) Allelopathic response to temperature,leaf ages and temperature×leaf age were significantly different among different allelopathic potential rice accessions. The allelopathy was significantly affected by temperature, leaf age and temperature×leaf age of OL, F1, RL159 and RL169, but low allelopathic rice accessions of RD23 and RL219 followed an opposite trend. 2) Regardless of leaf ages,the root exudates have weakest inhibitory ability to the growth of barnyardgrass at low temperature(15℃). The effects of allelopathic rice accessions OL, F1, RL159 and RL169 were greater than low allelopathic ones at low temperature(15℃) condition. 3) High temperature was conducive to the allelopathic enhancement of allelopathic rice, but the allelopathy was not always enhanced with increasing temperature. The allelopathy was strengthened with increasing temperature of allelopathic rice accessions OL, F1, RL159 and RL169 when they were at the 6-leaf stage and 8-leaf stage, but at the 2-leaf stage and 4-leaf stage, the allelopathy was enhanced first and then decreased with increasing temperature, and the allelopathy was strongest at 25℃. 4)Allelopathic responses to leaf ages were significantly different among different allelopathic potential rice. The allelopathy is the highest at the 2-leaf stage for allelopathic rice accessions OL, F1, RL159 and RL169 except for 15℃, then the allelopathy weakened with the increasing rice leaf ages.This finding suggests that allelopathic enhancement by temperature conditions at different leaf ages were worthwhile in future for the understanding of allelopathic responses to associated weeds.