A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from a superhybrid rice Xieyou 9308 (Xieqingzao B×Zhonghui 9308) and its genetic linkage map were used to detect QTLs by Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5 for yield traits under low and normal nitrogen conditions in rice. A total of 52 QTLs for yield traits distributing in 27 regions on nine chromosomes were detected, explaining 4.93%-26.73% of the phenotypic variation, separately for each QTL. Eleven QTLs were detected in both nitrogen conditions, and thirty different QTLs were detected under two nitrogen treatments, suggesting a different genetic basis controlling rice growth at low versus normal nitrogen conditions. QTLs for number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle under two nitrogen conditions and grain density under low nitrogen conditions were detected at the interval RM135-RM168 on chromosome 3. QTLs for number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle under two nitrogen conditions and number of panicles per plant, grain density under low nitrogen condition were detected at the interval RM5556-RM310 on chromosome 8. The QTLs described above shared the similar regions with QTLs for rice nitrogen recycling reported previously.
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