Based on the “3414” fertilizer experimental design, the effects of N, P and K fertilizer application on grain yield, grain quality as well as nutrient uptake and utilization of rice were researched to elucidate the interactive effects among N, P and K in a field experiment with four levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers. The results showed that the application of N, P and K significantly increased grain yield, and the highest yield was found under the joint application of N, P and K fertilizer. The application of fertilizer also improved rice quality markedly. For example, head rice rate was increased and chalkiness degree, lengthwidth ratio of grain and amylose content of milled rice were decreased due to the application of N, P and K. And, the application of N and P increased protein content of brown rice and decreased green rice rate. The application of N, P and K fertilizer increased total nutrient (show as N, P2O5, K2O) accumulation and nutrient absorption per 100kg seeds, but reduced nutrient dry matter production efficiency and nutrient grain production efficiency. Meanwhile, fertilizer recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency always declined with the increasing N, P and K application rate. Grain yield was significantly influenced by the interaction between N and P, N and K, P and K, respectively, and the interactions were synergistic when fertilizers application rates were at lower or moderate levels, otherwise they were antagonistic. The most significant interactive effect on total N, P2O5 and K2O accumulation was between N and K, N and P, P and K, respectively. It is concluded that the influence of fertilizer on rice growth was various, which means that fertilizers application rate and ratio should be established with an integrated consideration of several factors including grain yield, grain quality and nutrient uptake, utilization efficiency.
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