【目的】钵毯苗能有效聚拢根系，降低水稻机插损伤，明确钵深对杂交稻钵毯苗机插质量及产量形成的影响，为研发适宜的杂交稻钵毯苗秧盘提供理论依据。【方法】以籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为供试品种。普通平盘(CK，平盘，钵深为0 cm)作为对照，设置4个不同钵深类型的钵毯苗处理：T₁(钵毯盘，钵深为0.4 cm，钵体体积为1.6 cm³、T₂(钵毯盘，钵深为0.8 cm，钵体体积为3.2 cm³)、T₃(钵毯盘，钵深为1.2 cm，钵体体积为4.8 cm³)、T₄(钵毯盘，钵深为1.6 cm，钵体体积为6.4 cm³)。所有处理采用的秧盘大小一致(长度×宽度×高度=58 cm×28 cm×2.8 cm)，横向播种14次，纵向播种29次，每穴播种3粒种子，播种量为30.94 g/盘。比较分析不同处理间成毯性、秧苗素质、机插质量、机插根系损伤、移栽后秧苗的生理指标以及群体产量形成的差异。【结果】1)钵深增加，降低了机插取秧对根系的损伤，提高机插后秧苗的根系活力、叶片可溶性糖和叶绿素含量。钵深1.6 cm的秧苗成毯性差，机插后群体漏秧率高、均匀度低。2)钵深增大，群体分蘖多，群体的叶面积指数和干物质积累量增加。3)钵深越大，群体依靠更多的有效穗数促进产量提升，T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄的产量较CK分别提高2.37%、2.93%、4.03%、7.60%。【结论】增加钵毯盘的钵深能降低机插对水稻秧苗根系的损伤，使群体以更多有效穗数获得高产，但钵深过大的秧苗成毯困难、机插质量差，大钵体稀播育秧的钵深不宜大于1.2 cm。实际生产中，建议在确保秧苗成毯的前提下，增加钵毯盘的钵深，以促进杂交稻钵毯苗机插高产群体的构建。

【Objective】 Pot-mat seedlings can effectively constrain root system, thereby reducing damage during rice mechanical transplanting. Elucidating the impact of pot depth on the machine-transplanting quality and yield formation of hybrid rice pot-mat seedlings will lay a theoretical basis for developing suitable hybrid rice pot-mat seedling trays. 【Method】 The experiment selected the indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 1540 as material. An ordinary mat seedling tray (CK, blanket seedling tray, pot depth of 0 cm) was used as the experimental control. Four pot depth types were set as treatments: T₁ (pot-mat seedling tray, pot depth 0.4 cm, pot volume 1.6 cm³); T₂ (pot-mat seedling tray, pot depth 0.8 cm, pot volume 3.2 cm³); T₃ (pot-mat seedling tray, pot depth 1.2 cm, pot volume 4.8 cm³); T₄ (pot-mat seedling tray, pot depth 1.6 cm, pot volume 6.4 cm³). All treatments use seedling trays of the same size(length×width×height=58 cm×28 cm×2.8 cm). The sowing specifications were 14 holes horizontally and 29 holes vertically per tray, 3 seeds per hole, and the seeding rate per tray was 30.94 g. Comparative analysis was conducted on different treatments for mat-forming ability, rice seedling quality, machine-transplanted quality, mechanical root damage, physiological indexes of seedlings after machine transplanting, and yield formation of rice populations. 【Results】 (1) The increase in pot depth reduced root damage from machine transplanting and increased root vitality, leaf soluble sugar, and chlorophyll content in rice seedlings after machine transplanting. Seedlings with a pot depth of 1.6 cm had poor mat-forming properties; this treatment had a high seedling leakage rate and low planting uniformity after machine transplanting. (2) The increase in pot depth promoted tillering, increased leaf area index, and increased dry matter accumulation. (3) Higher pot depth resulted in higher yield of rice populations, attributed to more productive panicles. 【Conclusions】 Increasing pot depth can reduce root damage in rice seedlings and increase productive panicle number in rice populations to achieve high yield. However, pot-mat seedlings with too deep pots are difficult to form a mat and have poor machine-transplanted quality. The pot depth of the pot-mat tray should not exceed 1.2 cm at large pot volume and low sowing rate. In actual production, it is suggested to increase pot depth of the pot-mat tray while ensuring successful mat formation, to facilitate the establishment of high-yield populations through mechanized transplanting of hybrid rice pot-mat seedlings.