播种量和取秧量对精量条播机插杂交稻高产群体构建及能效的影响
收稿日期: 2025-03-14
修回日期: 2025-05-05
网络出版日期: 2025-07-21
基金资助
四川省科技计划资助项目(2024NZZJ0005);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD2301903);四川省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目;国家现代农业产业体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-2);四川省育种攻关计划资助项目(2021YFYZ0005)
Effects of Seeding Rate and Seedling Picking Area on Establishment of High-yield Populations and Energy Efficiency in Precision Drill-Sown and Machine-transplanted Hybrid Rice
Received date: 2025-03-14
Revised date: 2025-05-05
Online published: 2025-07-21
【目的】明确杂交稻精量条播下，条播量和取秧量对机插质量、高产群体构建及能效的影响，提出条播量和机插取秧量的优化组合，为完善杂交稻精量条播育插秧高产高效栽培技术提供依据。【方法】在精量条播18条带下，以川康优6308为试材，进行两因素裂区试验设计，主区设100粒/条(M1)，130粒/条(M2)，160粒/条(M3)，190粒/条(M4)四个条播量，副区为1.25 cm2(S1)，2.03 cm2(S2)，2.81 cm2(S3)三个机插取秧面积来代表不同取秧量，研究其对机插杂交稻秧苗素质、机插质量、群体质量、产量及能效的影响。【结果】在不同条播量，秧龄为25 d下，M1和M2处理间差异不显著，株高(17.05~17.95 cm)、茎基宽(1.78~1.84 mm)、绿叶数(3.41~3.57片)、成苗率(74.15%~77.75%)和根数(7.04~7.71条/株)均显著优于M3和M4处理(1.36%~21.46%)，但M2处理根冠比和根系盘结力优于M1处理。不同条播量和取秧量处理下，M2S3为最佳试验处理，其机插质量最优，且在生育后期叶面积衰减缓慢，群体生长率和群体净同化率分别比其余处理高0.77%~70.59%，2.54%~55.79%，产量达到10768.79 kg/hm2，相比于其他处理提高4.02%~37.23%。此外，其净能量、能量利用效率、能量生产力分别显著提高3.70%~34.41%，0.04%~1.80%和2.50%~24.24%，净收益和产投比分别增加335.13%~3935.06元/hm2和0.36%~18.93%。【结论】精量条播机插杂交稻条播18条带，条播量为130粒/条，秧龄为25 d，可以培育素质较优的秧苗，并配合机插取秧量为2.81 cm2可构建高产群体质量，节本增效，并协同提高产量和能效比。
曹云, 陈雪芳, 黄兴海, 何咨霆, 汤菁莎, 陈坤, 汪爱羚, 罗贯洲, 廖琴, 孙园园, 郭翔, 杨志远, 马均, 孙永健 . 播种量和取秧量对精量条播机插杂交稻高产群体构建及能效的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025 , 39(4) : 477 -490 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250311
【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of drill seeding rate and seedling picking area on mechanical transplanting quality, high-yield population establishment, and energy efficiency in hybrid rice under precision drill sowing, thereby optimizing cultivation parameters for enhanced yield and resource utilization efficiency. 【Method】 A two-factor split-plot design was conducted with hybrid rice cultivar Chuankangyou 6308 under 18-row precision drill sowing. The design comprised four main-plot drill seeding rates: 100 (M1), 130 (M2), 160 (M3), and 190 grains/row (M4), and three seedling picking areas under mechanical transplanting of 1.25 cm² (S1), 2.03 cm² (S2), and 2.81 cm² (S3) were established as subplots to represent differential seedling picking quantities, systematically evaluating their impacts on seedling quality, mechanical transplanting performance, population dynamics, yield formation, and energy utilization efficiency. 【Results】 At a seedling age of 25 d and different drill seeding rates, the differences between M1 and M2 treatments were not significant. Plant height (17.05-17.95 cm), stem base width (1.78-1.84 mm), number of green leaves (3.41-3.57 leaves), seedling establishment rate (74.15%-77.75%) and number of roots (7.04-7.71 roots/plant) were all significantly better than those in M3 and M4 treatments by 1.36% to 21.46%. However, the M2 treatment showed better root-shoot ratio and root intertwining force than the M1 treatment. Under the treatments of drill seeding rate and seedling picking area, the experimental combination M2S3 achieved the best results, with optimum mechanical transplanting quality and slower leaf area decline in the later stages of reproduction. Its population growth rate and net population assimilation rate were higher than those of the other treatments by 0.77% to 70.59% and 2.54% to 55.79%, respectively, and its yield reached 10768.79 kg/hm², which was 4.01% to 37.23% higher than that of the other treatments. In addition, its net energy, energy utilization efficiency, and energy productivity were significantly increased by 3.70% to 34.41%, 0.04% to 1.80%, and 2.5% to 24.24%, respectively, and its net return and output/input ratio increased by 335.13 to 3935.06 yuan/hm² and 0.36% to 18.93%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 For precision drill-sown and machine-transplanted hybrid rice with 18 rows, using a drill seeding rate of 130 grains/row and a seedling age of 25 d can cultivate seedlings with superior quality. Combined with a seedling picking area of 2.81 cm², this approach facilitates the establishment of a high-yield population, reduces costs, improves efficiency, and synergistically increases both yield and energy efficiency ratio.
Key words： precision drill sowing; seeding rate; seedling area; yield; energy
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