【目的】明确磷肥用量对湖北省直播水稻产量、磷素积累、磷肥利用率及经济效益的影响，为湖北省直播水稻的科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】在湖北省水稻主产区的县(市、区)采用多点试验，设置0、45、90、135 kg/hm² 4个磷肥用量处理。对比分析了不同磷肥用量下水稻的产量、磷素含量、磷素积累量、磷肥利用率和经济效益。【结果】与不施磷(0 kg/hm²)处理相比，各试验点磷肥用量为45、90、135 kg/hm²处理分别增产0.18~1.80 t/hm²、0.30~3.24 t/hm²和0.60~2.61 t/hm²，平均增幅分别为9.15%、16.08%和18.24%，水稻地上部磷素积累量分别增加了1.57~9.18 kg/hm²、2.67~12.77 kg/hm²、4.16~15.06 kg/hm²，平均增幅分别为29.14%、44.92%、53.60%。整体而言，磷肥用量在0−90 kg /hm²范围内，水稻产量随磷肥用量的增加而增加，磷肥用量超过90 kg/hm²时水稻产量无显著差异。随着磷肥用量的增加水稻磷素积累量、产值和纯收入呈现先增加后保持不变的趋势，而磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学利用率、磷肥回收利用率和产投比随磷肥用量的增加而下降。磷肥用量和试验地点对直播水稻产量、秸秆磷素含量、秸秆磷素积累量、磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学利用率、磷肥回收利用率、产值、纯收入和产投比的影响均存在交互作用。【结论】适宜的磷肥用量可以显著提高直播水稻产量、地上部磷素积累量和磷肥利用率。综合考虑产量、磷素积累、肥料利用率和经济效益，湖北省直播水稻磷肥推荐用量为58~104 kg/hm²，平均为82 kg/hm²，理论最高产量可达6.97~12.18 t/hm²，平均为9.14 t/hm²能够保障水稻产量的同时能减少养分损失和环境污染。

【Objective】This study aims to clarify the effect of phosphorus fertilizer dosage on grain yield, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization, and economic benefits of direct-seeded rice in Hubei Province. It provides a theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of direct-seeded rice in the region.【Methods】Four phosphorus fertilizer application rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/hm²)were established in a multi-site experiment across counties (cities and districts) in the major rice-producing areas of Hubei Province. The grain yield, phosphorus content, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization, and economic benefits of rice under different phosphorus fertilizer dosages were comparatively analyzed.【Results】Compared to the zero phosphorus treatment (0 kg/hm²), the phosphorus fertilizer dosages of 45, 90, and 135 kg/hm² at each experimental site increased the grain yield by 0.18−1.80 t/hm², 0.30−3.24 t/hm², and 0.60−2.61 t/hm², respectively, with average increases of 9.15%, 16.08%, and 18.24%.Additionally, the aboveground phosphorus accumulation of rice increased by 1.57−9.18 kg/hm², 2.67−12.77 kg/hm², and 4.16−15.06 kg/hm², with average increases of 29.14%, 44.92%, and 53.60%, respectively. Overall, rice yield increased with the phosphorus fertilizer dosage in the range of 0−90 kg/hm², and there was no significant difference in rice yield when the phosphorus fertilizer dosage exceeded 90 kg/hm².With the increase in phosphorus fertilizer dosage, rice phosphorus accumulation, production value, and net income followed a trend of increasing and then stabilizing, while partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer, agronomic utilization rate, recycling rate, and production-to-input ratio decreased with higher phosphorus fertilizer dosages. An interaction was observed between phosphorus fertilizer dosage and experimental location regarding yield, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization, production value, and net income of direct-seeded rice.【Conclusion】Appropriate phosphorus fertilizer dosage can significantly improve the grain yield, aboveground phosphorus accumulation, and phosphorus fertilizer utilization of direct-seeded rice. Considering yield, phosphorus accumulation, fertilizer utilization, and economic benefits, the recommended dosage of phosphorus fertilizer for direct-seeded rice in Hubei Province is 58−104 kg/hm², with an average of 82 kg/hm². The theoretical maximum yield can reach 6.97−12.18 t/hm², with an average of 9.14t/hm², which can ensure rice yield while minimizing nutrient loss and reducing environmental pollution.