【目的】剖析红米水稻总酚、总黄酮、原花青素和花色苷的遗传效应，为高营养价值红米杂交稻的培育提供参考。【方法】以8个红米恢复系为父本，6个不育系为母本，配制48个杂交组合为遗传材料，利用加性-显性遗传模型(AD模型)及统计方法，分析在不同环境下红米水稻抗氧化活性成分的遗传效应、杂种优势、遗传相关及其与环境互作。【结果】花色苷、原花青素、总酚和总黄酮主要受遗传主效应控制，其中原花青素、总酚和总黄酮总狭义遗传率高，以基因加性效应为主，低代选择有效；花色苷以显性效应为主，适宜中、高世代选择。这4种抗氧化活性成分的表型、遗传、加性、显性、加性×环境互作和显性×环境互作均呈正向相关，相关系数大；原花青素的基因型×环境互作效应小，稳定性好，以此为选择指标可有效提高其他3种成分，减轻工作量，提高育种效率。高温有利红米水稻杂种后代抗氧化活性成分的积累，提高群体杂种优势。此外，提高不育系抗氧化活性成分含量，有利于培育高抗氧化活性成分含量的杂交后代；恢复系18Rr174、18Rr175可有效提高后代总酚、总黄酮、原花青素含量，且受环境影响小。【结论】采用植物数量性状的加性-显性遗传模型，可有效预测亲本抗氧化活性成分的遗传效应，18Rr174、18Rr175在高抗氧化活性成分红米杂交稻的选育上具有较高应用价值。

【Objective】 This study aims to dissect the genetic effects of total phenols, total flavonoids, procyanidins, and anthocyanins in red rice, to offer insights for cultivating high-nutrition red hybrid rice. 【Methods】 Forty-eight hybrid combinations were generated using eight red rice restorer lines as male parents and six sterile lines as female parents. Employing the additive-dominance genetic model (AD model) and statistical methods, the study analyzed the genetic effects, heterosis, genetic correlation of antioxidant components in red rice across diverse environmental conditions, and their interactions with the environment. 【Results】 Genetic main effects primarily control anthocyanins, procyanidins, total phenols, and total flavonoids. Procyanidins, total phenols, and total flavonoids exhibit high narrow-sense heritability, mainly governed by gene additive effects, enabling effective early-generation selection. Anthocyanins are predominantly influenced by dominant effects, suitable for medium and high generation selection. All four antioxidant components display positive correlations among phenotype, genetics, additive and dominance effects, as well as additive × environment and dominance × environment interactions, with high correlation coefficients. Procyanidins exhibit a small genotype × environment interaction effect, indicating good stability. Using procyanidins as a selection indicator effectively enhances the other three components, reduces workload, and improves breeding efficiency. Higher temperatures contribute to increased accumulation of antioxidant components in red rice hybrid offspring, enhancing population heterosis. Elevating the content of antioxidant components in sterile lines benefits the cultivation of offspring with higher antioxidant content. Restorer lines 18Rr174 and 18Rr175 effectively increase the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, and procyanidins in offspring and are less influenced by the environment. 【Conclusion】 Utilizing the additive-dominance genetic model for quantitative traits could effectively predict parental genetic effects on antioxidant components. 18Rr174 and 18Rr175 can be used to breed red rice with high antioxidant activity components.