结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻根系、产量和土壤的影响
收稿日期: 2021-03-19
修回日期: 2021-06-01
网络出版日期: 2022-05-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31871557);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071947);江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室开放课题(YSCL201807);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。
Effects of Alternate Wetting and Moderate Soil Drying Irrigation on Root Traits, Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Rice
Received date: 2021-03-19
Revised date: 2021-06-01
Online published: 2022-05-11
【目的】干湿交替灌溉(WMD)对水稻根系生长和产量形成有重要影响，但其对土壤性状的影响，以及与根系生长的关系尚不明确。【方法】本研究以5个不同类型的水稻品种为材料，在结实期设置常规灌溉(CI)和干湿交替灌溉(WMD)两种灌溉方式处理，研究了其对水稻产量、根系形态生理及土壤性状的影响。【结果】1)与CI相比，结实期WMD可明显提高不同品种的结实率与千粒重，从而提高水稻产量。2)结实期WMD能够提高复水后水稻根际与非根际土壤硝态氮含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶活性，降低土壤铵态氮含量。3)结实期WMD复水后水稻根系形态(根质量、根数、根长、根表面积、根体积、根系通气组织面积)及根系活力(根系氧化力)均明显高于CI处理。【结论】WMD复水后较高的根际和非根际土壤硝态氮含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性以及较低的土壤铵态氮含量能够改善水稻根系形态生理，促进籽粒灌浆结实，提高水稻产量。
陈云, 刘昆, 李婷婷, 李思宇, 李国明, 张伟杨, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 刘立军, 杨建昌 . 结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻根系、产量和土壤的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022 , 36(3) : 269 -277 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210309
【Objective】 Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (WMD) plays important roles in root growth and yield formation in rice. However, its effect on soil properties and their relationship with root growth is not clearly understood. 【Method】 In this experiment, the effects of continuously flooded irrigation (CI) and WMD during the grain filling stage on rice yield, root morphology and physiology and soil properties were studied using five different types of rice varieties. 【Result】 1) Compared with CI, WMD during the grain filling stage could significantly increase the seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of different varieties, thereby increase the grain yield in rice. 2) The nitrate nitrogen content, the activities of urease and sucrase in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils could be increased, and the soil ammonium nitrogen content could be reduced after rewatering under WMD during the grain filling stage. 3) The rice root morphology (root dry weight, root number, root length, root surface, root volume, root aerenchyma area) and root activity (root oxidation activity) after rewatering with WMD during the grain filling stage were significantly higher than those in CI treatment. 【Conclusion】 Greater nitrate nitrogen contents, higher activities of urease and sucrase and lower ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils after WMD rewatering could improve root morphological and physiological traits, promote grain filling, and increase rice yield finally.
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