氮肥施用对米粉专用稻产量、米质及加工特性的影响
收稿日期: 2020-05-05
修回日期: 2020-06-18
网络出版日期: 2020-11-10
基金资助
国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFD0300509）
Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield, Rice Quality and ProcessingCharacteristics inRice Noodle-specific Varieties
Received date: 2020-05-05
Revised date: 2020-06-18
Online published: 2020-11-10
文春燕, 熊运华, 姚晓云, 陈春莲, 胡标林, 黄永萍, 吴延寿 . 氮肥施用对米粉专用稻产量、米质及加工特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2020 , 34(6) : 574 -585 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.0504
【Objective】We aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen application on yield, rice quality and processing characteristics in noodle-specific rice.【Method】The experiments were conducted with threerice varieties suitable for making rice noodles(R0734, R2149, Jiazao 66), one variety commonly used for making rice noodles(Zhenguiai)and one variety unable to be processed into rice noodles(R0711)atthree nitrogen levels with 90, 140, 190 kg/hm2in 2018 and 2019.【Result】1) With the increasing nitrogen application levels, the yield of each varieties increased, but for R0734 and R2149 the grain yield maximized under the medium nitrogen level of 140 kg/hm2 in 2019; noodle-specific rice varieties, R2149 and Jiazao 66, had extremely high yield advantages, achievingthe highest yield at thenitrogen levels of140 kg/hm2 and 190 kg/hm2.Nitrogen application increased the effective panicle number, while the 1000-grain weight decreased.2) As more nitrogen was gradually applied, gel consistency and protein contentincreased whileamylose content decreased, fluctuating between 21.4% and 26.5%, which also brought about a downward trend in peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity. Breakdown reduced significantly and setback increased significantly.3)With the increase of nitrogen application, the broken rate and cooked loss rate of rice noodle increased significantly, but both were below 10%. R2149 and Jiazao 66 were more sensitive to nitrogen levels than R0734, but had better processing properties.【Conclusion】The amylose contents ranging from 21% to 27%(about 24% is the best) are favorable, so that the amylose content will notseriously exceeded the suitable range for processing at different nitrogen application levels in field cultivation. Moreover, due to the increase in the amount of nitrogen application, the processing characteristics of noodle-specific rice are deteriorated. Thusit is necessary to apply relatively low nitrogen in condition of its high yield level. In the breeding, the major parentswith moderate amylose contents and better processing characteristics should be selected for high-yieldingnoodle-specific rice variety.
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